p.D70G/F561Y Asp70Gly/Phe561Tyr (p.D98G/F589Y Asp98Gly/Phe589Tyr in primary sequence with 28 amino-acids signal peptide) The F561Y(F589Y) could be considered as natural but was only found in clones of neuroblastomas and gliostomas, as such are somatic mutations not found in families as abnormal plasma cholinesterases
Kinetic parameters
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References:
Title: Intramolecular relationships in cholinesterases revealed by oocyte expression of site-directed and natural variants of human BCHE Neville LF, Gnatt A, Loewenstein Y, Seidman S, Ehrlich G, Soreq H Ref: EMBO Journal, 11:1641, 1992 : PubMed
Structure-function relationships of cholinesterases (CHEs) were studied by expressing site-directed and naturally occurring mutants of human butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) in microinjected Xenopus oocytes. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved electronegative Glu441,Ile442,Glu443 domain to Gly441,Ile442,Gln443 drastically reduced the rate of butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) hydrolysis and caused pronounced resistance to dibucaine binding. These findings implicate the charged Glu441,Ile442,Glu443 domain as necessary for a functional CHE catalytic triad as well as for binding quinoline derivatives. Asp70 to Gly substitution characteristic of 'atypical' BCHE, failed to alter its Km towards BTCh or dibucaine binding but reduced hydrolytic activity to 25% of control. Normal hydrolytic activity was restored to Gly70 BCHE by additional His114 or Tyr561 mutations, both of which co-appear with Gly70 in natural BCHE variants, which implies a likely selection advantage for these double BCHE mutants over the single Gly70 BCHE variant. Gly70 BCHE variants also displayed lower binding as compared with Asp70 BCHE to cholinergic drugs, certain choline esters and solanidine. These effects were ameliorated in part by additional mutations or in binding solanidine complexed with sugar residues. These observations indicate that structural interactions exist between N' and C' terminal domains in CHEs which contribute to substrate and inhibitor binding and suggest a crucial involvement of both electrostatic and hydrophobic domains in the build-up of the CHE active center.
Title: Expression of alternatively terminated unusual human butyrylcholinesterase messenger RNA transcripts, mapping to chromosome 3q26-ter, in nervous system tumors Gnatt A, Prody CA, Zamir R, Lieman-Hurwitz J, Zakut H, Soreq H Ref: Cancer Research, 50:1983, 1990 : PubMed
To study the molecular origin of the altered regulation of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) in nervous system tumors, BCHE complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences from human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cDNA libraries were compared with BCHE cDNAs from normal fetal and adult tissues. A single 2.6-kilobase BCHE cDNA sequence was found in all normal tissues, whereas an additional alternatively terminated BCHE cDNA clone was found in both tumor libraries. The tumor-specific cDNA contained a 3',0.7-kilobase nontranslatable extension, as well as several nucleotide alterations in the normal polyadenylation site. Single-base mutations in the coding region of this unusual BCHE cDNA infer two amino acid substitutions: Asp70----Gly and Ser425----Pro. The Asp70----Gly change has recently been implicated with "atypical" BCHE, which is deficient in its capacity to hydrolyze succinylcholine. The 3.6-kilobase mRNA was less abundant in RNA blot hybridization than the 2.6-kilobase mRNA, which is in agreement with the low ratios between the 3.6- and 2.6-kilobase BCHE cDNA clones in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma libraries. Furthermore, size fractionation and microinjection of glioblastoma polyadenylated RNA, followed by enzyme activity and selective inhibition measurements, demonstrated two peaks of functional BCHE mRNA, the heavier one probably reflecting the longer transcripts. Chromosomal mapping of the 0.7-kilobase 3' fragment by in situ hybridization localized it to a unique 3q26-ter position, where we recently found an inheritably amplified "silent" defective CHE gene in a family exposed to the cholinesterase inhibitor methyl parathion. Our findings confirm previous genetic linkage mapping of the functional CHE gene to the 3q26-ter position and demonstrate that extended functional mRNA transcripts encoding a BCHE form with two modified amino acids are produced from this gene in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells.
