Latest Modifications

  • March 13, 2024:

    The web site for the the 15th conference on cholinesterases and the 9th on paraoxonases is now open chepon2024 Due to security reasons the ESTHER database will change operating system in april. We hope it will be a smooth transition A-series agent A-234: initial in vitro and in vivo characterization is published by Hrabinova et al. Crystal structure and solution scattering of Geobacillus stearothermophilus S9 peptidase reveal structural adaptations for carboxypeptidase activity is published by Chandravanshi et al. and structure will be available soon (8WT1) Crystal structures of nanobodies bound to their antigen PA14 Cif (CFTR inhibitory factor, Epoxide Hydrolase Virulence Factor) are available (8EVD, 8F6U, 8F6V) and will be published soon by Simard et al. Polyketide trimming shapes dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin and anthraquinone pigments will be published soon by Schmalhofer et al. and Photorhabdus luminescens AntI polyketide shortening enzyme structures (8QBH, 8QBI, 8QD5, 8QD6) Aspergillus fumigatus yellowish-green heptaketide hydrolase Ayg1p structures (8QD1, 8QD2, 8QD3, 8QD4) and Wdyg1p from W. dermatitidis structures (8QD7, 8QD8, 8QD9, 8QDA, 8QDB) are available Discovery of the sEH inhibitor epoxykynin as a potent kynurenine pathway modulator is published by Dotsch et al. and structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with Epoxykinin is avalable (8QZD)

  • March 06, 2024:

    Structures of Epoxide hydrolase from Bosea sp. PAMC 26642 is available and from Caballeronia sordidicola PAMC 26510 are available (8HM5, 8HGU) and are published by Hwang et al. Crystal structure of engineered protein, Est30 variant KLS-MHETase M14 (I171K, M127S, and G130L) is available (8ILT) and published by Zhang et al. Engineered PETase enzyme from LCC - C09 mutant is available (8CMV) and will be published soon by Bhattacharya et al. Development of Oxadiazolone Activity-Based Probes Targeting FphE for Specific Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Infections is published by Jo et al. and structures of Staphylococcus aureus fluorophosphonate-binding serine hydrolases E, unbound dimer crystal form 1 and Oxadiazolone JJ004 bound are available (8T87, 8T88) Crystal structure and solution scattering of Geobacillus stearothermophilus S9 peptidase reveal structural adaptations for carboxypeptidase activity is published by Chandravanshi et al. and structure will be available soon (8WT1)

  • February 28, 2024:

    Structure-based characterization and improvement of an enzymatic activity of Acremonium alcalophilum (Sodiomyces alcalophilus) feruloyl esterase is published by Phienluphon et al. and structures of AaFaeD-CD will be available soon (8JH8, 8JH9) Structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with Epoxykinin is avalable (8QZD) and will be published soon by Kumar et al. Structure of hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis with forty mutations is available (8SNI) and will be published soon by Walsh et al. Fruhauf et al. publish that bacterial lactonases ZenA with noncanonical structural features hydrolyze the mycotoxin zearalenone. More structures of Streptomyces coelicoflavus Lactonase ZenA are available (8CLQ) and of Rhodococcus erythropolis zearalenone lactonase (8CLV) in complex with hydrolyzed zearalenone A neuroligin-2-YAP axis regulates progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is published by Middonti et al. A new and promiscuous alpha/beta hydrolase from Acinetobacter tandoii DSM 14970 T inactivates the mycotoxin ochratoxin A as published by Sanchez-Arroyo et al.

  • February 21, 2024:

    The secreted feruloyl esterase of Verticillium dahliae modulates host immunity via degradation of Gossypium hirsutum protein dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (GhDFR a positive regulator in plant innate immunity) as published by Wang et al. Fruhauf et al. publish that bacterial lactonases ZenA with noncanonical structural features hydrolyze the mycotoxin zearalenone. Structures of Streptomyces coelicoflavus Lactonase ZenA are available (8CLN, 8CLO, 8CLP) together with structures of zearalenone lactonase of Rhodococcus erythropolis (8CLT, 8CLU). As these enzymes differ from the previously isolated family of zearalenone lactonase, a new family was created Zearalenone-hydrolase-fam2 Structures of FphE, Staphylococcus aureus fluorophosphonate-binding serine hydrolases E, dimeric apo form and Oxadiazolone compound 3 bound are available (8G48, 8G49) and will be published soon by Fellner et al.

  • February 14, 2024:

    Photosensitization enabling Pauson-Khand-type reactions with nitrenes is published by Li et al. and structures of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with sEH-45 and sEH-48 are available (8QN0, 8QMZ) Structural insights into hydrolytic defluorination of difluoroacetate by microbial fluoroacetate dehalogenases are published by Khusnutdinova et al. and structure of fluoroacetate dehalogenase Daro3835 H274N mutant with D107-glycolyl intermediate is available (8SDD) Structure of FphI, Staphylococcus aureus fluorophosphonate-binding serine hydrolases I, apo form is available (8G0N) and will be published soon by Fellner et al. Crystal structure of GlacPETase is available (8X6V) and will be published soon by Qi et al. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy via inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase is published by Kelly et al.

  • February 08, 2024:

    Crystal structure of an epoxide hydrolase mutant A250IC/L344V from Aspergillus usamii E001 at 2.17 Angstroms resolution is available (8XIZ) and structural mechanism for the enantioselectivity improvement toward chiral ortho-fluorostyrene oxide will be published soon by Hu et al. Evolution and diversification of carboxylesterase-like [4+2] cyclases in aspidosperma and iboga alkaloid biosynthesis is published by DeMars et al. Shen et al. demonstrate ABHD7 (EPHX4) -mediated depalmitoylation of lamin A promotes myoblast differentiation Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) rescues social deficits in NLG3-/y mouse model of ASDs as published by Pizzarelli et al. Photosensitization enabling Pauson-Khand-type reactions with nitrenes is published by Li et al. and structures of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with sEH-45 and sEH-48 will be available soon (8QN0, 8QMZ)

  • January 31, 2024:

    Development of potent and selective monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors. SARs, structural analysis, and biological characterization are published by Butini et al. and structures are available (8PTC, 8PTQ, 8PTR) The phosphylated butyrylcholinesterase-derived tetrapeptide GlyGluSerAla proves exposure to organophosphorus agents with enantioselectivity as published by Kranawetvogl et al. Glucocorticoids rescue cell surface trafficking of R451C Neuroligin3 and enhance synapse formation as published by Diamanti et al. Neuropsychiatric presentation of Anti-DPPX progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus is published by Neo et al.

  • January 24, 2024:

    Development of potent and selective monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors. SARs, structural analysis, and biological characterization are published by Butini et al. and structures are available (8PTC, 8PTQ, 8PTR) Crystal structure of cutinase AdCut from Acidovorax delafieldii (PBS depolymerase) is available (8C65) and will be published soon by Zahn et al. Pharmacogenetic study of CES1 gene and enalapril efficacy is published by Hussain et al.

  • January 17, 2024:

    Advancing enzyme's stability and catalytic efficiency through synergy of force-field calculations, evolutionary analysis, and machine learning is published by Kunka et al. and structures are available (8OE2, 8OE6) Evolutionary adaptation from hydrolytic to oxygenolytic catalysis at the alpha/beta fold is published by Bui et al. and more structures are available (8A97, 7OJM, 7OKZ, 8OXT, 8OXN, 8ORO) Complete decomposition of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by crude PET hydrolytic enzyme produced in Pichia pastoris is published by Chen et al. and structure is available (8J45) Comparison of room-temperature and cryogenic structures of soluble Epoxide Hydrolase with ligands bound will be published soon by Donge et al. and a structure is available (8QVI) ABHD6 suppresses colorectal cancer progression via AKT signaling pathway as published by Xiong et al. Abhd2, a Candidate Gene Regulating Airway Remodeling in COPD via TGF-beta as published by Lv et al.

  • January 10, 2024:

    Crystal structure and functional characterization of an S-formylglutathione hydrolase (BuSFGH) from Burkholderiaceae sp. are published by Hwang et al. and structure is available (8ILJ) Attenuating ABHD17 enhances S- palmitoylation, membrane localization and signal transduction of NOD2 and Crohn's disease-associated variants is published in a preprint by Dixon et al. Perception of butenolides by Bacillus subtilis via the alpha/beta hydrolase RsbQ is published by Melville et al. Harris et al. published that a conserved but structurally divergent loop in acyl protein thioesterase 1 regulates its catalytic activity, ligand binding, and folded stability Polysaccharide utilization loci from Bacteroidota encode CE15 enzymes with possible roles in cleaving pectin-lignin bonds is published by Seveso et al. and structures of a carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) glucuronoyl esterase from Phocaeicola vulgatus are available (8Q6S, 8QCL, 8QEF)

  • January 05, 2024:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year! Since friday december 22 INRAE had been under cyberattack from a foreign country, but the situation seems under control now and ESTHER should be available as before Three-directional engineering of IsPETase with enhanced protein yield, activity, and durability is published by Lee et al. and structures are available (8H5J, 8H5K, 8H5M, 8H5O) Wei et al. published that ABHD6 drives endocytosis of AMPA receptors to regulate synaptic plasticity and learning flexibility independently of ABHD6's hydrolase activity Li et al. published that mice with an autism-associated R451C mutation in neuroligin-3 show intact attention orienting but atypical responses to methylphenidate and atomoxetine in the mouse-Posner task. Altas et al. published that region-specific phosphorylation determines neuroligin-3 localization to excitatory versus inhibitory synapses. Akhmetshina et al. published that loss of lysosomal acid lipase results in mitochondrial dysfunction and fiber switch in skeletal muscles of mice Hong et al. published the molecular basis of the inositol deacylase PGAP1 involved in quality control of GPI-AP biogenesis and the cryo EM structures of the GPI inositol-deacylase (PGAP1/Bst1) from Chaetomium thermophilum and products-bound PGAP1(Bst1)-H443N and S327A are available (8K9R, 8K9Q, 8K9T)

  • December 27, 2023:

    We are happy to post the 800th weekly or so 'news' in this front page since year 2000 We share the delight of Aljosa Bavec, Marko Golicnik, Stanko Gobec, and Jure Stojan who announce the 15th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and the 9th International Conference on Paraoxonases in Kranj, Slovenia, from September 15th to 18th, 2024, at the Congress Centre Brdo. See the Flyer (Flyer) Thioester-based coupled fluorogenic assays in microdevice for the detection of single-molecule enzyme activities of esterases with specified substrate recognition is published by Ukegawa et al. Unmasking crucial residues in Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL) for co-activation with Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58) is published by Kulminskaya et al. etection of lipase activity with liquid foams is published by Schad et al. From friday december 22 INRAE has been under cyberattack from a foreign country. ESTHER might be still unavailable for some days.

  • December 20, 2023:

    Structural and time-resolved mechanistic investigations of protein hydrolysis by the acidic proline-specific endoprotease from Aspergillus niger are published by Pijning et al. and structures (8B57, 8BBX) are available Cryo EM structures of the GPI inositol-deacylase (PGAP1/Bst1) from Chaetomium thermophilum and products-bound PGAP1(Bst1)-H443N and S327A are available (8K9R, 8K9Q, 8K9T) and will be published soon by Li et al. A type VII-secreted lipase toxin with reverse domain arrangement is described by Garrett et al. A new family was extracted T7SS-TslA

  • December 14, 2023:

    Structures of a carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) glucuronoyl esterase from Phocaeicola vulgatus is available (8Q6S, 8QCL, 8QEF) and will be published soon by Mazurkewich et al. Human Butyrylcholinesterase Mutants for (-)-Cocaine Hydrolysis: A Correlation Relationship between Catalytic Efficiency and Total Hydrogen Bonding Energy with an Oxyanion Hole, are published by Zheng et al. Structural and time-resolved mechanistic investigations of protein hydrolysis by the acidic proline-specific endoprotease from Aspergillus niger are published by Pijning et al. and structures (8B57, 8BBX) will be available soon

  • December 06, 2023:

    Structure of epoxide hydrolase from Caballeronia sordidicola PAMC 26510 is available (8HM5) and will be published soon by Hwang et al. Beneficial flip of substrate orientation enable determine substrate specificity for zearalenone lactone hydrolase will be published soon by Wang et al. and structure of Exophiala aquamarina CBS 119918 AB hydrolase-1 is available (8JLV) ABHD5-CPT1B: An Important Way of Regulating Placental Lipid Metabolism in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is published by Yang et al. A monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor LEI-515 showing therapeutic efficacy in mice without central side effects or dependence is published by Jiang et al. and crystal structure of human monoacylglycerol lipase in complex with compound LEI-515 (8AQF) is available

  • November 29, 2023:

    Discovery of a non-canonical prototype long-chain monoacylglycerol lipase through a structure-based endogenous reaction intermediate complex is published by Pinotsis et al. and structures are available (7Q4H, 7Q4J, 8B9S). This shows that the family FAE-Bacterial-promiscuous contains also true lipases besides feruoylesterases Structures of a leaf-branch compost cutinase, ICCG in complex with 1,4-butanediol terephthalate and 4-((4-Hydroxybutoxy)carbonyl)benzoic acid are available (8JMP, 8JMO) and published by Yang et al. Efficient polyethylene terephthalate biodegradation by an engineered Ideonella sakaiensis PETase with a fixed substrate-binding W156 residue is published by Yin et al. and structure of Ideonella sakaiensis cutinase IsPETase, thermostable S92P/D157A variant (8J17) is available

  • November 22, 2023:

    Structural insights into the oligomeric effects on catalytic activity of a decameric feruloyl esterase and its application in ferulic acid production is published by Du et al. and structures of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ferulic acid esterase (BT_4077) are available (7XRT, 7XRV) Identification and optimization of novel inhibitors of the Polyketide Synthase 13 Thioesterase domain with antitubercular activity are published by Green et al. and structures of Polyketide synthetase 13 thioesterase domain in complex with inhibitors are available (8Q0U, 8Q0T, 8Q17) Structure of Epoxide hydrolase from Bosea sp. PAMC 26642 is available (8HGU) and will be published soon by Lee et al. A review on drug and pro-drug substrates and pseudo-substrates of human butyrylcholinesterase is published by Masson et al.

  • November 15, 2023:

    Computational design of highly efficient thermostable MHET hydrolases and dual enzyme system for PET recycling is published by Zhang et al. and crystal structure of engineered protein. Est30 variant KLS-MHETase M14 (I171K, M127S, and G130L) will be available soon (8ILT) Soluble epoxide hydrolase-targeting PROTAC activates AMPK and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress as published by Peyman et al. Consecutively-acting cofactorless oxygenases guide anthraquinone-fused enediyne biosynthesis are published by Gui et al. and structures of TnmK2 are available (8G5T, 8G5U)

  • November 08, 2023:

    The mechanism of Atg15-mediated membrane disruption in autophagy is published by Kagohashi et al. Characterization of novel PNLIP variants in congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency are published by Lin et al.

  • November 01, 2023:

    Tang et al. publish that RhlA exhibits dual thioesterase and acyltransferase activities during rhamnolipid biosynthesis, and the structure of RhlA is available (8IK2). A family is extracted accordingly HAA-synthase-thioesterase-RhlA-PhaG Structural insights into the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and hydrolysis by feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus sydowii is published by Phienluphon et al. and structures are available (8IY8, 8IYB, 8IYC) Structures of Ancestral PETase are available (8ETX, 8ETY, 8EU0, 8EU1) and will be published soon by Saunders et al. Butyrylcholinesterase signal sequence self-aggregates and enhances amyloid fibril formation in vitro as published by Jasiecki et al. Nader et al. show that the lipid hydrolase ABHD2 as an essential mPR (membrane P4 progesterone receptor) co-receptor to trigger meiosis using Xenopus oocyte maturation.

  • October 25, 2023:

    Atypical homodimerization revealed by the structure of the (S)-enantioselective haloalkane dehalogenase DmmarA from Mycobacterium marinum is published by Snajdarova et al. and structures are available (8B5K, 8B5O) Balance-directed protein engineering of IsPETase enhances both PET hydrolysis activity and thermostability is published in a preprint Lee et al. and structures are available (8H5J, 8H5K, 8H5L, 8H5M, 8H5N, 8H5O) Structural insights into the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and hydrolysis by feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus sydowii is published by Phienluphon et al. and structures are available (8IY8, 8IYB, 8IYC) Multiple N-linked glycosylation sites critically modulate the synaptic abundance of Neuroligin isoforms as published by Benner et al. The lipoprotein lipase that is shuttled into capillaries by GPIHBP1 enters the glycocalyx where it mediates lipoprotein processing as published by Song et al.

  • October 18, 2023:

    Biochemical and cellular characterization of the function of fluorophosphonate-binding hydrolase H (FphH) in Staphylococcus aureus support a role in bacterial stress response is published by Fellner et al. and structure of FphH is available (8FTP) Consecutively-acting cofactorless oxygenases guide anthraquinone-fused enediyne biosynthesis will be published soon by Gui et al. and structures of TnmK2 are available (8G5T, 8G5U) Srtucture of a thermostable lipase from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus is available (8B9S) and will be published soon by Pinotsis et al. MHETase variant Thr159Val, Met192Tyr, Tyr252Phe, Tyr503Trp from Ideonella sakaiensis is available (8EKG) and will be published soon by Saunders et al. ABHD6 suppression promotes anti-inflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages via 2-monoacylglycerol/PPAR signaling in obese mice as published by Poursharifi et al.

  • October 11, 2023:

    X-ray structures of the haloalkane dehalogenase HaloTag7 circular permutated are available (8B6N, 8B6O, 8B6P, 8B6Q) and will be published soon by Tarnawski et al. Structure of FphH, Staphylococcus aureus fluorophosphonate-binding serine hydrolases H, apo form is available (8FTP) and will be soon published by Fellner et al. Cryo-EM map of the focused refinement of the subfamily III haloalkane dehalogenase from Haloferax mediterranei dimer forming hexameric assembly is available (8OOH) and published by Chmelova et al. Babesia BdFE1 esterase is required for the anti-parasitic activity of the ACE inhibitor fosinopril as published by Vydyam et al.

  • October 04, 2023:

    Structural insights into the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and hydrolysis by feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus sydowii is published by Phienluphon et al. and structures will be available soon (8IY8, 8IYB, 8IYC) Ryder et al. elucidate the role of a calcium-binding loop in an x-prolyl aminodipeptidase from Lb. helveticus Tidy et al. publish mechanistic insight into the role of AUXIN RESISTANCE4 in trafficking of AUXIN1 and LIKE AUX1-2 accordingly a new family is created: Auxin-response-4

  • September 27, 2023:

    Autophagy-related 14 (ATG14) interacts with ATGL and CGI-58 (ABHD5) and plays a critical role in hepatic lipid droplet homeostasis as published by Huang et al. Kramer et al. develop NLGN4X T cell receptor transgenic T cells to treat glioma Hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase activity regulates cerebral Abeta metabolism and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in mice as published by Wu et al.

  • September 20, 2023:

    Expression and structural analysis of human neuroligin 3 implicated in autism spectrum disorders are published by Zhang et al. and structure (8GS3) is available. Structural and biochemical insights into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate degrading carboxylesterase isolated from psychrotrophic bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum are published by Hwang et al. and structure is available (8HEA) Highly selective inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 9 (DPP9) derived from the clinically used DPP4-Inhibitor vildagliptin with low nanomolar DPP9 affinity and with DPP9-to-DPP8 selectivity are published by Benramdane et al. Evolutionary adaptation from hydrolytic to oxygenolytic catalysis at the alpha/beta fold is published by Bui et al. and structures are available (8A97, 7OJM, 7OKZ) or will be available soon (8OXT, 8OXN, 8ORO) Structural features of thyroglobulin linked to protein trafficking are published by Citterio et al. We recently learned that Professor Ferdinand Hucho died on May 28, 2023, at the age of 83. He was a highly original and innovative bio- and neurochemist. His central research subjects were the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and Acetylcholinesterase. See a translation in English of the obituary in German by Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Christoph Markschies: pdf

  • September 13, 2023:

    An archaeal lid-containing feruloyl-esterase degrades polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is published by Perez-Garcia et al. and structure of Pet46 is available (8B4U) Genome-wide identification of CXE and PuCXE15 functions in the catabolism of volatile ester in 'Nanguo' pear fruit is published by Qi et al. Endothelial lipase variant, T111I, does not alter inhibition by Angiopoietin-like proteins as published by Sylvers-Davie et al. The structure of a Lactobacillus helveticus chlorogenic acid esterase and the dynamics of its insertion domain provide insights into substrate binding is published by Omori et al. and structures of wild type and K164A mutant will be soon available (8SKM, 8SLJ)

  • September 06, 2023:

    A symposium is scheduled "From Frodo to AlphaFold The Odyssey of a Structural Biologist Celebrating Joel Sussman's 80th Birthday" See the Flyer with program (Flyer) Designing efficient enzymes: eight predicted mutations convert a hydroxynitrile lyase into an efficient esterase is published by Casadevall et al. and structure (8EUO) is available Structural insights into hydrolytic defluorination of difluoroacetate by microbial fluoroacetate dehalogenases are published by Khusnutdinova et al. and structures of fluoroacetate dehalogenase Daro3835 and mutant are available or released soon (8SDC, 8SDD) as well as structure of ALR0039, an alpha/beta hydrolase from Nostoc sp PCC 7120 (3QYJ) Functional involvement of endothelial lipase in hepatitis B virus infection is published by Shirasaki et al.

  • August 30, 2023:

    Structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DmmarA from Mycobacterium marinum at pH 6.5 and 5.5 are available (8B5K, 8B5O) and will be published soon by Snajdarova et al. Multimeric structure of a subfamily III haloalkane dehalogenase-like enzyme solved by combination of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography is published by Chmelova et al. and structure is available (8CKP) Structural insights into the oligomeric effects on catalytic activity of a decameric feruloyl esterase and its application in ferulic acid production is published by Du et al.

  • August 23, 2023:

    Crystal structure of human monoglyceride lipase with compound LEI-515 is available (8AQF) and will be published soon by Jiang et al. An archaeal lid-containing feruloyl-esterase degrades polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is published by Perez-Garcia et al. and structure of Pet46 is available (8B4U) Engineering the catalytic activity of an Antarctic PET-degrading enzyme by loop exchange is published by Blazquez-Sanchez et al. and structure of Mors1 is available (8SPK) Three-directional engineering of IsPETase with enhanced protein yield, activity, and durability is published by Lee et al. The first articles in press from the proceedings of the 14th International Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the 8th Conference on Paraoxonase in Bologna are available in Chemico-Biological Interactions Chem.Biol.Interact or list

  • August 16, 2023:

    Structural and biochemical insights into bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate degrading carboxylesterase isolated from psychrotrophic bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum are published by Hwang et al. and structure will be available soon (8HEA) Engineering the catalytic activity of an Antarctic PET-degrading enzyme by loop exchange is published by Blazquez-Sanchez et al. and structure of Mors1 will be available soon (8SPK) Multimeric structure of a subfamily III haloalkane dehalogenase-like enzyme solved by combination of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography is published by Chmelova et al. and structure will be available soon (8CKP) Structure of epoxide hydrolase from metagenomic source ch65 with substrate or products are available (8AGN, 8AGP, 8AGS) and will be published soon by Isupov et al.

  • August 09, 2023:

    KAI2 can do: Karrikin Receptor Function in Plant Development and Response to Abiotic and Biotic Factors (Strigolactone RsbQ-like family). A review published by Varshney et al. Human carboxylesterase 1A plays a predominant role in hydrolysis of the anti-dyslipidemia agent fenofibrate in humans as published by Li et al. A form of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease associated with a novel LIPA aariant is published by Anushiravani et al. The crystal structure of the S178A mutant of PET40, a PETase enzyme from an unclassified Amycolatopsis is available (8A2C) and published by Zhang et al. Wen et al. show that genetic variants of dipeptidyl peptidase IV are linked to the clinicopathologic development of prostate cancer Wang et al. show that Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is expressed by specific bacterial taxa of the microbiota. Microbial DPP4 is able to decrease the active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and disrupt glucose metabolism in mice with a leaky gut. Sitagliptin, has little effect on microbial DPP4. daurisoline-d4 (Dau-d4) is a selective microbial DPP4 inhibitor that improves glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Structures of bactn-BT4193 native or inhibited by O-Methyl-Dauracine or Sitagliptin are available (7Y4F, 7Y4G, 8HAY)

  • August 02, 2023:

    Crystal structures of herbicide-detoxifying esterase reveal a lid loop affecting substrate binding and activity are published by Liu et al. and are available (7YD2, 7Y0L, 8IVE, 8GOL, 7Y0L, 8IVE, 8GOY, 8GP0, 8IVM, 8IVN, 8IVS, 8IVT, 8IW3, 8IW6, 8J7G, 8J7J, 8J7K) MAGL inhibition relieves synovial inflammation and pain via regulating NOX4-Nrf2 redox balance in osteoarthritis as published by Li et al. Lipidomic QTL in Diversity Outbred mice identifies a novel function for alpha/beta hydrolase domain 2 ( Abhd2 ) as an enzyme that metabolizes phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin as fully published by Price et al. Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-overexpression stimulates lipid turnover, oil production and fitness in cold-grown plants as published by Klinska-Bachor et al. Discovery and rational engineering of PET hydrolase with both mesophilic and thermophilic PET hydrolase properties are published by Hong et al. and structures are available (7YM9, 7YME) In silico and experimental studies on the effect of alpha3 and alpha5 deletion on the biochemical properties of Bacillus thermocatenulatus lipase are published Karkhane et al. An archaeal lid-containing feruloyl-esterase degrades polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is published by Perez-Garcia et al. and structure of Pet46 will be available soon (8B4U)

  • July 26, 2023:

    WWL70-induced ABHD6 inhibition attenuates memory deficits and pathological phenotypes in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as published by Xue et al. Candidate dwarfing gene in Pallas, the first commercial barley cultivar generated through mutational breeding. ert-k.32 was induced by X-ray in Bonus in 1947. improved culm strength and enhanced lodging resistance published by Zakhrabekova et al. Crystal structure of a novel alpha/beta hydrolase mutant from thermomonospora curvata in apo form and in complex are available (7YKO, 7YKP, 7YKQ) and will be published soon by Han et al. A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges is published by Hellweg et al. and structures of HaloTags are available (8B6R, 8B6S, 8B6T) Structure of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron dipeptidyl peptidase IV (inhibited by d4) is available (8HAY) and will be published soon by Hang et al. First LIPA mutational analysis in egyptian patients reveals one novel variant: Wolman Disease is published by Elaraby et al.

  • July 19, 2023:

    Feruloyl esterase from Lactobacillus acidophilus native and mutant in complx with ethyl ferulate are available (7XRH, 7XRI) and are published by Jeon et al. Targeting Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated upregulation of oncogenic NLGN3 suppresses cancer stem cells in glioblastoma as published by Yun et al. A periplasmic phospholipase that maintains outer membrane lipid asymmetry in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is published by Guest et al. Structural and mechanistic insights into enantioselectivity toward near-symmetric esters of a novel carboxylesterase RoCE is available (7YII) and published by Dou et al. Structure of Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae SulE, a sulfonylurea herbicide de-esterification esterase SulE_P44R_S209A is available (7YD2) and will be published soon by Liu et al. Transforming an esterase into an enantioselective catecholase through bioconjugation of a versatile metal-chelating inhibitor is published by Fernandez-Lopez et al. and structure of ester-hydrolase EH3 from the metagenome of marine sediments is available (8PC7)

  • July 12, 2023:

    We are deeply sorry to bring the bad news that Pr. Raimond-Bernard Ravelli, passed away. Raimond-Bernard Gabriel Ravelli first worked on the structure of acetylcholinesterase. He worked at the EMBL Grenoble and the ESRF on the development of the ID14-EH4 beamline. At that time, Raimond also developed his keen interest in radiation damage. Raimond became assistant professor at Leiden University and later Full Professor of Structural Biology, at Maastricht University. He became an expert in cryo-electron microscopy and made numerous contributions in a broad spectrum of techniques. He gave his inaugural professorial lecture in Maastricht in the fall, and was full of vitality, with his future before him (see the youtube link to his brilliant presentation at Inaugural Lecture ) Crystal structures of a PET hydrolase from Cryptosporangium aurantiacum native and mutant are available (7YM9, 7YME) and will be published soon by Hong et al. Diacylglycerol lipase alpha promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and induces lenvatinib resistance by enhancing YAP activity as published by Yan et al.

  • July 05, 2023:

    Crystal structure of Epiphyas postvittana antennal carboxylesterase 24 is available (7MP4) is published by Corcoran et al. and suggests lepidopteran odorant degrading enzymes are broadly tuned The Elk-3 target Abhd10 ameliorates hepatotoxic injury and fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease as published by Li et al. Crystal structure of prolyl oligopeptidase from Microbulbifer arenaceous complex with PEG400 and MES is available (7Y1X) and will be published soon by Huang et al. The crystal structure of a feruloyl esterase C from Fusarium oxysporum in complex with p-coumaric acid is available (8BHH) and published by Ferousi et al. Room temperature crystal structure of the cofactor-devoid 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) under xenon pressure (30 bar) is available (8A97) and will be published soon by Bui et al.

  • June 28, 2023:

    Seramur et al. publish that ABHD4 regulates adipocyte differentiation in vitro but does not affect adipose tissue lipid metabolism in mice Uyen Dao et al. publish that the collagen ColQ binds to LRP4 and regulates the activation of the Muscle-Specific Kinase/LRP4 receptor complex by agrin at the neuromuscular junction

  • June 21, 2023:

    Nachon et al. publish that grid-type quaternary metallosupramolecular compounds inhibit human cholinesterases through dynamic multivalent interactions. Another structure is available (8AEN) Structure of Pseudomonas alcaligenes Lipase is available (8JJ7) and will be published soon by Xu et al.

  • June 14, 2023:

    Structures of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron dipeptidyl peptidase IV (apo and inhibited by Sitagliptin) are available (7Y4F, 7Y4G) and will be published soon by Hang et al. Nachon et al. publish that grid-type quaternary metallosupramolecular compounds inhibit human cholinesterases through dynamic multivalent interactions. Structures are available (8AEV, 8AM1, 8AM2) The crystal structure of the S178A mutant of PET40, a PETase enzyme from an unclassified Amycolatopsis is available (8A2C) and will be published soon by Zhang et al. Structure of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with N-{[2-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-N-[3-(2-fluorophenyl)propyl]cyclobutanamine is available (8CGO) and published by Pidany et al. Structure of receptor ShHTL5 from Striga hermonthica in complex with strigolactone agonist GR24 is available (8DVC) and published by Arellano-Saab et al. Nguyen et al. publish that C-Terminal beta8-alpha9 interaction modulates thermal stability and enzymatic activity differently in hyperthermophilic esterase EstE1 and mesophilic esterase rPPE.

  • June 07, 2023:

    Crystal structure and biochemical analysis of acetylesterase (LgEstI) from Lactococcus garvieae are published by Do et al. and structures are available (7YC0, 7YC4) Structural and functional investigation of a fungal member of carbohydrate esterase family 15 with potential specificity for rare xylans is published Mazurkewich et al. and structure is available (8B48) Natural deletion of mouse carboxylesterases Ces1c/d/e impacts drug metabolism and metabolic syndrome development as published by Gan et al. A Neuroligin-1 mutation associated with Alzheimer's disease produces memory and age-dependent impairments in hippocampal plasticity as published by Arias-Aragon et al.

  • May 31, 2023:

    Structure of modified oligopeptidase B from S. proteamaculans in intermediate conformation with 5 spermine molecule at 1.65 A resolution is available (8ONO) and will be published soon by Petrenko et al. Another crystal structure of carbohydrate esterase family 7 acetyl xylan esterase is available (7XMJ) and will be published soon by Jiang et al. Structural and functional investigation of a fungal member of carbohydrate esterase family 15 with potential specificity for rare xylans is published Mazurkewich et al. and structure will be available soon (8B48) A review on the role of NDRG1 in different cancers is published by Ghafouri-Fard et al. De novo computational design of a lipase with hydrolysis activity towards middle-chained fatty acid esters is published by Huang et al.

  • May 24, 2023:

    Salicylic acid attenuates brassinosteroid signaling via protein de-S-acylation by arath-AT5G20520 ABAPT11 (ABHD13-BEM46 family) as published by Liu et al. A crystal structure of HNLyase_Bact from Burkholderia pyrrocinia is available (8HFW) and will be published soon by Lu et al. The lipase cofactor CGI58 controls placental lipolysis: CGI58 interacts not only with PNPLA2 but also with PNPLA9, as published by Guerrero-Santoro et al.

  • May 17, 2023:

    Structure of porcine dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitory peptide complex is available (7XNM) and will be published soon by li et al. Feruloyl esterase from Lactobacillus acidophilus native and mutant in complx with ethyl ferulate are available (7XRH, 7XRI) and will be published soon by Hwang et al.

  • May 10, 2023:

    Srtuctures of a thermostable lipase from Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus in complex with PMSF or a monoacylglycerol intermediate are available (7Q4H, 7Q4J) and will be published soon by Pinotsis et al. Crystal structure of Malassezia globosa LIP1, secretory lipase SMG1 mutant (G28C/P206C/Q34P/A37P/M176V/G177A/M294R/F278N) is available (7SPR) and will be published soon by Li et al. N-terminal PPE domain plays an integral role in extracellular transportation and stability of the immunomodulatory Rv3539 protein of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis as published by Anand et al. Structure of dimeric lipoprotein lipase reveals a pore for hydrolysis of acyl chains is published Gunn et al. and structure is available (8ERL)

  • May 03, 2023:

    Structure of dimeric lipoprotein lipase reveals a pore for hydrolysis of acyl chains is published in a preprint Gunn et al. and structure is available (8ERL) A new structure of human liver carboxylesterase 1 is available (8EOR) and will be published soon by Zhang et al. Dual-acting small molecules: Subtype-selective cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist/butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor hybrids show neuroprotection in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model as published by Spatz et al.

  • April 26, 2023:

    Inverse effects of APOC2 and ANGPTL4 on the conformational dynamics of lid-anchoring structures in lipoprotein lipase is published by Kumari et al. Astrocytic Neuroligins are not required for synapse formation or a normal astrocyte cytoarchitecture as published in a preprint by Golf et al.

  • April 19, 2023:

    A divergent clade KAI2 protein in the root parasitic plant Orobanche minor is a highly sensitive strigolactone receptor and is involved in the perception of sesquiterpene lactones is published by Takei et al. and structure is available (7UOC) X-ray structures of the haloalkane dehalogenase HaloTag7 bound to butyltrifluoromethanesulfonamide tetramethylrhodamine ligands are available (7ZIV, 7ZIW, 7ZIX) and will be published soon by Tarnawski et al. Structure and function of the metagenomic plastic-degrading polyester hydrolase PHL7 bound to its product is published by Richter et al. and structures are available (8BRA, 8BRB)

  • April 05, 2023:

    A splicing variant of EDS1 from Vitis vinifera forms homodimers but no heterodimers with PAD4 as published by Voss et al. and the first structure of an EDS1 entity beyond the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is available (8B28). Structure of an ancestral reconstruction of a plant alpha/beta-hydrolase is available (7UKB) and will be published soon by Marshall et al. Lipidomic QTL in Diversity Outbred mice identifies a novel function for alpha/beta hydrolase domain 2 ( Abhd2 ) as an enzyme that metabolizes phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin as published in a preprint by Price et al. The serine hydrolase ABHD6 controls survival and thermally induced seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome as published by Westenbroek et al. Structure of dimeric lipoprotein lipase reveals a pore for hydrolysis of acyl chains is published in a preprint Gunn et al. and structure will be available soon (8ERL) A review on plant immune signaling network involving EDS1 PAD4 SAG101 is published by Gong et al.

  • March 29, 2023:

    Crystal structure of the Fusarium oxysporum tannase-like feruloyl esterase FaeC in complex with p-coumaric acid provides insight into ligand binding is published by Ferousi et al. and structure will be available soon (8BHH) Complete bio-degradation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) via engineered cutinases is published by Yang et al. and structures are available (7XTR, 7XTS, 7XTT, 7XTU, 7XTV, 7XTW) A FRET sensor for the real-time detection of long chain acyl-CoAs and synthetic ABHD5 ligands is published by Mottillo et al. .Highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors related to Amaryllidaceae alkaloids - Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation is published by Pidany et al. and structure will be available soon (8CGO)

  • March 22, 2023:

    Designed switch from covalent to non-covalent inhibitors of carboxylesterase Notum activity is published by Atkinson et al. and structures are available (8BT8, 8BTA, 8BT2, 8BTC, 8BSZ, 8BT0).

  • March 15, 2023:

    Rapid discovery and crystallography study of highly potent and selective butylcholinesterase inhibitors based on oxime-containing libraries and conformational restriction strategies is published by Jing et al. and structures of human BCHE in complex with alkyl linked bis-ligand derivatives of tacrine are available (7QHD, 7QHE). An analysis of connectivity between surface and interior in catalytic subunits of acetylcholinesterases inferred from their X-ray structures is published by Radic et al. A novel thermostable and salt-tolerant carboxylesterase involved in the initial aerobic degradation pathway for pyrethroids in Glycomyces salinus is described by Liu et al. Structural insights into catalytical capability for CPT11 hydrolysis and substrate specificity of a novel marine microbial carboxylesterase, E93 are published by Li et al. and structure (7X8L) is available. Improvement of thermostability and activity of PET-degrading enzyme Cut190 towards a detailed understanding and application of the enzymatic reaction mechanism, is published in a preprint by Numoto et al. and structures are available (8IBL, 8IBM). Molecular insights into the catalytic mechanism of plasticizer degradation by a monoalkyl phthalate hydrolase is published by Chen et al. and structures are availble (8HGV, 8HGW) A splicing variant of EDS1 from Vitis vinifera forms homodimers but no heterodimers with PAD4 as published by Voss et al. and the first structure of an EDS1 entity beyond the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana will be available soon (8B28).

  • March 08, 2023:

    Structures of Arctic bacterium Paenibacillus sp. R4 PsEst3 psychrophilic esterase are available (7V8U; 7V8V; 7V8W; 7V8X) and are published by Son et al. Inhibition of diacylglycerol lipase beta modulates lipid and endocannabinoid levels in the ex vivo human placenta as published by Berger et al. Carboxylesterase 1 family knockout alters drug disposition and lipid metabolism, as published by Gan et al. Crystal structure of cutinases from Pseudomonas bauzanensis (PbauzCut), Rhizobacter gummiphilus (RgCutII), Pseudomonas saudimassiliensis (PsCut) are available (8AIS; 8AIR; 8AIT) and are published by Avilan et al.

  • March 01, 2023:

    Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with tacrine: Implications for drug discovery is published by Dileep et al. and structure is available (7XN1) Expression and structural analysis of human neuroligin 2 and neuroligin 3 implicated in autism spectrum disorders are published by Zhang et al. and structure (8GS4) is available Molecular insights on PS-PLA1 lipase activity of human ABHD16B is published by Narayanasamy et al. Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol synthesis and metabolism at neuronal nuclear matrix fractions derived from adult rat brain cortex is described by Aretxabala et al. and involve diacylglycerol lipase-alpha (DAGLA) and alpha/beta-hydrolase domain 12 protein (ABHD12)

  • February 22, 2023:

    Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis acetylated Homoserine transacetylase with Coenzyme A is available (7YRT) and published by Sharma et al. Crystal structure of inhibitor-bound bacterial oligopeptidase B in the closed state: Similarity and difference between protozoan and bacterial enzymes is published by Petrenko et al. and structures with covalently bound TCK or 4 spermine molecules (7YWP, 7YWZ) are available Exchangeable HaloTag Ligands for Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy are published by Kompa et al. and structures are available (7ZIY, 7ZIZ, 7ZJ0) A neglected and emerging antimicrobial resistance gene encodes for a serine-dependent macrolide esterase is published by Dhindwal et al.

  • February 15, 2023:

    Structural insights into catalytical capability for CPT11 hydrolysis and substrate specificity of a novel marine microbial carboxylesterase, E93 are published by Li et al. and structure (7X8L) will be available soon Conjugates of Tacrine and Salicylic Acid Derivatives as New Promising Multitarget Agents for Alzheimer's Disease are published by Makhaeva et al. A single post-exposure oxime RS194B treatment rapidly reactivates acetylcholinesterase and reverses acute symptoms in macaques exposed to diethylphosphorothioate parathion and chlorpyrifos insecticides as published by Rosenberg et al. Crystal structure of inhibitor-bound bacterial oligopeptidase B in the closed state: Similarity and difference between protozoan and bacterial enzymes is published by Petrenko et al. and structure (7YWP) will be available soon Structure and biochemistry of a promiscuous thermophilic Polyhydroxybutyrate Depolymerase degrading bioplastic from Lihuaxuella thermophilia is published by Thomas et al. and structure is available (8DAJ)

  • February 08, 2023:

    A structure-function analysis of chlorophyllase revealing a mechanism for activity regulation dependent on disulfide bonds. is published by Jo et al. and structure of chlorophyllase from Triticum aestivum is available (8FJD). Accordingly a new family was extracted Chlorophyllase_Plant separating bacterial chlorophyllase/Cutinase and plant Chlorophyllase Crystal structure and biochemical analysis of acetylesterase (LgEstI) from Lactococcus garvieae are published by Do et al. and structures will be soon available (7YC0, 7YC4) The structure of ecoli-T6SS.TLE3 (8BOZ) is available and published by Le et al.

  • February 01, 2023:

    One more 8-Hydroxyquinolylnitrones as multifunctional ligand for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases published by Knez et al. is available (7ZPB) The preprint by Meden et al.Chemrxiv is now fully published Meden et al. it describes pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: SAR, kinetic, computational, and crystallographic study of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead. Structure of BCHE inhibited by one of the compound is available (8AI7) A Locally Activatable Sensor for Robust Quantification of Organellar Glutathione is published in a prprint by Hubner et al. bioRxiv. and structures of HaloTag in complex with ligands are available (7ZBA, 7ZBB, 7ZBD)

  • January 25, 2023:

    Activity and crystal structure of the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli Tle3/Tli3 T6SS effector/immunity complex determined using an AlphaFold2 predicted model are published by Le et al. The structure of ecoli-T6SS.TLE3 (8BOZ) will be available soon and a new family was extracted: T6SS-TLE3. Sun et al. published that OsLDDT1, encoding a transmembrane structural DUF726 family protein, is essential for tapetum degradation and pollen formation in rice. It is the first function of eucaryotic members of this family (Duf_726) Discovery of new, highly potent and selective inhibitors of BuChE - Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and crystallography studies is published by Panek et al. and structures of human butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by diphenylacetamide compounds are available (7Q1M, 7Q1N, 7Q1O, 7Q1P) 8- Hydroxyquinolylnitrones as multifunctional ligands for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases are also published by Knez et al. and structures are available (7QBQ, 7QBR) Crystal structure of lipase TrLipB from Thermomocrobium roseum with marked thermostability and excellent solvent resistance is available (7WOL) and will be published soon by zhang et al.

  • January 18, 2023:

    Point mutations in the acetylcholinesterase-1 gene associated with organophosphate insecticide resistance in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) populations from Uganda are described by Omuut et al. Structures of modified oligopeptidase B from S. proteomaculans in intermediate conformation with spermine molecules as well as a catalytically non active S532A mutant are available (7YWS; 7YX7; 7ZJZ) and published by Britikov et al. Identification and characterization of novel carboxyl ester lipase gene variants in patients with different subtypes of diabetes are published by Wu et al. Engineered adhesion molecules that drive synapse organization are published by Hale et al. Counter-intuitive enhancement of degradation of polyethylene terephthalate through engineering of lowered enzyme binding to solid plastic is published by Mrigwani et al. Structural insights into catalytical capability for CPT11 hydrolysis and substrate specificity of a novel marine microbial carboxylesterase, E93 is published by Li et al. and structure will be soon available (7X8L)

  • January 11, 2023:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year! The Molecule of the Month on the PDB server once again highlights a group of alpha/beta hydrolases. This time: the Plastic-eating Enzymes. Molecule of the Month Comprehensive analysis of the carboxylesterase gene reveals that NtCXE22 regulates axillary bud growth through strigolactone metabolism in tobacco is published by Wang et al. The mobility of the Cap Domain is essential for the substrate promiscuity of a Family IV esterase is published by Distaso et al. and structure of ester-hydrolase EH0 from the metagenome of sorghum bicolor rhizospher from henfaes research center (Gwynedd, Wales) is available (7ZR3)

  • January 04, 2023:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year! The Molecule of the Month on the PDB server once again highlights a group of alpha/beta hydrolases. This time: the Plastic-eating Enzymes. Molecule of the Month Biochemical characterization, substrate and stereoselectivity of an outer surface putative alpha/beta hydrolase from the pathogenic Leptospira is published by Shankar et al. The preprint by Meden et al.Chemrxiv is now fully published Meden et al. it describes pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: SAR, kinetic, computational, and crystallographic study of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead. Structure of BCHE inhibited by one of the compound will be available soon (8AI7) Ultrahigh-throughput directed evolution of a metal-free alpha/beta-hydrolase with a Cys-His-Asp triad into an efficient phosphotriesterase is published by Schnettler et al. Case report: Pain in anti-DPPX (human-dpp6) encephalitis is published by Bjerknes et al.

  • December 28, 2022:

    A carbapenem antibiotic inhibiting a mammalian serine protease: structure of the acylaminoacyl peptidase-meropenem complex is published by Kiss-Szeman et al. and structure is available (7QUN) Sourcing thermotolerant poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolase scaffolds from natural diversity is published by Erickson et al. Hydrolysis activity on amorphous PET film is demonstrated for 37 enzymes in reactions spanning pH from 4.5-9.0 and temperatures from 30-70degC. 8 new structures are available (7QJM, 7QJN, 7QJO, 7QJP, 7QJQ, 7QJR, 7QJS, 7QJT). The compilation of expressed enzyme hydrolyzing PET can be found in a table Structure of ester-hydrolase EH0 from the metagenome of sorghum bicolor rhizospher from henfaes research center (Gwynedd, Wales) is available (7ZR3) and will be published soon by Cea Rama et al. Structures of ferulic acid esterase from Lactobacillus buchneri are available (7Z2U, 7Z2V, 7Z2X) and now published by Kasmaei et al. Acquisition of T6SS effector TseL contributes to the emerging of novel epidemic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as published by Ren et al. Castle et al. publish beta-endoproteolysis of the cellular prion protein by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and fibroblast activation protein

  • December 21, 2022:

    Structures of human BCHE in complex with alkyl linked bis-ligand derivative of tacrine are available (7QHD, 7QHE) and will be published soon by Brazzolotto et al. A new PET probe targeting the endocannabinoid alpha/beta-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) enzyme is published by Mardon et al.

  • December 14, 2022:

    The Molecule of the Month on the PDB server highlights the Click Chemistry discovered by the Sharpless and Mendal laboratories. Synthesis of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the active site was one of the first demonstration of the potentials of this technique. Molecule of the Month Expression and structural analysis of human neuroligin 2 and neuroligin 3 implicated in autism spectrum disorders are published by Zhang et al. and structures will be soon available (8GS4, 8GS3) Structures of Notum in complex with fragment inhibitors are available (8BSP, 8BSQ, 8BSR, 8BSZ, 8BT0, 8BT2, 8BT5, 8BT7, 8BT8, 8BTA, 8BTC, 8BTE, 8BTH, 8BTI) and will be published soon by Zhao et al. Structure of double cysteine mutations in Geobacillus zalihae T1 lipase is available (7EY3) and will be published soon by Hamdan et al.

  • December 07, 2022:

    Structures of Coelenteramide and Azacoelenterazine-bound Renilla-type luciferase (AncFT) are available (7QXQ, 7QXR) and are published by Schenkmayerova et al. 2.1 A crystal structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine hydrolase, Hip1, in its anhydro-form (Anhydrohip1) is published by Brooks et al. In the absence of ABHD16A, mitochondrial fission and fusion rates are significantly reduced as published by Nguyen et al. Molecular and kinetic properties of three acetylcholinesterases in the Varroa mite, Varroa destructor are described by Kim et al. Structural insights into (Tere)phthalate-ester hydrolysis by a carboxylesterase and its role in promoting PET depolymerization are published by von Haugwitz et al. and structures of carboxylesterase from Thermobifida fusca (apo, mutant and with inhibitor MHETA) are available (7W1I, 7W1J, 7W1K, 7W1L)

  • November 30, 2022:

    We are deeply sorry to bring the bad news that Dr Clarence A Broomfield, passed away on 21 Nov 2022. He was a well-respected contributor to the field of AChE chemistry and the development of countermeasures against chemical warfare toxins, as well as an important mentor, a close collaborator, and a very good friend to many of the colleagues in the field. Human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with compounds containing methanimine oxides are available (7QBQ, 7QBR) and will be published soon by Denic et al. Structures of ferulic acid esterase from Lactobacillus buchneri are available (7Z2U, 7Z2V, 7Z2X) and will be published soon by Mogodiniyai et al. Crystal structures of feruloyl esterase wtsFae1 are available (8BBP, 8BF3) and will be published soon by Wilkens et al. Structure of 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase (2-HID), a member of a large carboxylesterase family that paradoxically catalyzes dehydration of 2-hydroxyisoflavanones to isoflavone is published by Wang et al. and structures will be available soon (8EA1, 8EA2) Hydroxynitrile lyase HNL from Hevea brasiliensis with Seven Mutations (8EUO) is available and will be published soon by Greenberg et al. Biodegradation of highly crystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate) through cell surface codisplay of bacterial PETase and hydrophobin is published by Chen et al. and structures of poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolase IsPETase Ideonella sakaiensis are available (8GU4, 8GU5)

  • November 23, 2022:

    Crystal structure of carboxylesterase from Thermobifida fusca (apo, mutant and with inhibitor MHETA) are available (7W1I, 7W1J, 7W1K, 7W1L) and will be published soon by Han et al. Investigation of the halophilic PET hydrolase PET6 from Vibrio gazogenes is published by Weigert et al. and structure is available (7Z6B) Structure of 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase (2-HID), a member of a large carboxylesterase family that paradoxically catalyzes dehydration of 2-hydroxyisoflavanones to isoflavone is published by Wang et al. and structures will be available soon (8EA1, 8EA2) Crystal structures of HsaD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis apo and in complex with Cyclophostin-like Cyclophostin-like inhibitors are available (7ZJT; 7ZM1; 7ZM2; 7ZM3; 7ZM4) and are published by Barelier et al.

  • November 06, 2022:

    The crystal structure of mouse Ces2c, a potential ortholog of human CES2, shows structural similarities in substrate regulation and product release to human CES1 as published by Eisner et al. and stucture (8AXC) is available. Brown et al. show that Trypanosoma brucei Acyl-Protein Thioesterase-like (TbAPT-L) is a lipase with esterase activity for short and medium-chain fatty acids but has no depalmitoylation Activity Structures of human butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by diphenylacetamide compounds are available (7Q1M, 7Q1N, 7Q1O, 7Q1P) and will be published soon by Brazzolotto et al. A structure of an engineered PET hydrolase (variant of IsPETase Ideonella sakaiensis) is available (7VWN) and will be published soon by Xie and Jia

  • November 09, 2022:

    Gui et al. publish that intramolecular C-C bond formation links Anthraquinone and Enediyne scaffolds in Tiancimycin biosynthesis. Structures of TnmK1 are available. (8E18, 8E19). Accordingly a new family (Tiancimycin-TnmK-Tripeptidase-HIP) was extracted from the huge AlphaBeta_hydrolase family.

  • November 02, 2022:

    Xiang et al. publish that an alpha/beta hydrolase family member (orysa-q6l556) negatively regulates salt tolerance but promotes flowering through three distinct functions in rice. Structural and dynamic effects of paraoxon binding to human acetylcholinesterase by X-ray crystallography and inelastic neutron scattering is published by Gerlitz et al. and stuctures of AChE in complex with paraoxon and oximes are available (8DT2, 8DT4, 8DT5, 8DT7)

  • October 26, 2022:

    Structural and dynamic effects of paraoxon binding to human acetylcholinesterase by X-ray crystallography and inelastic neutron scattering is published by Gerlitz et al. and stuctures of AChE in complex with paraoxon and oximes will be available soon available (8DT2, 8DT4, 8DT5, 8DT7) Gui et al. publish that intramolecular CC bond formation links Anthraquinone and Enediyne scaffolds in Tiancimycin biosynthesis. Structures of TnmK1 will be available soon (8E18, 8E19). Accordingly a new family (Tiancimycin-TnmK-Tripeptidase-HIP) was extracted from the huge AlphaBeta_hydrolase family. Analyses of the autism-associated neuroligin-3 R451C mutation in human neurons reveal a gain-of-function synaptic mechanism as published by Wang et al.

  • October 19, 2022:

    Li et al. published the structure of Marinobacter Hydrolase (PETase-like) cold-adapted PET hydrolase Ple629 (7VPB)

  • October 12, 2022:

    Structural basis for the substrate specificity of an S-formylglutathione hydrolase derived from Variovorax sp. PAMC 28711 is published by Hwang et al. and structure is available (7YVT) Organophosphates resistance in Bemisia tabaci may be associated with mutations in an ace1-type acetylcholinesterase (bemta-ACHE1) as published by Renault et al.

  • October 05, 2022:

    Moore et al. publish a phenotypic screen identifying potent DPP9 inhibitors capable of killing HIV-1 infected cells. Structures of DPP8 and DPP9 with these compounds are available(7SVO, 7SVM, 7SVN, 7SVL) Nachon et al. publish that grid-type quaternary metallosupramolecular compounds inhibit human cholinesterases through dynamic multivalent interactions. Structures will be available soon (8AEV, 8AEN, 8AM1, 8AM2)

  • September 28, 2022:

    The 14th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and 8th Conference of Paraoxonases organized by Maria Laura Bolognesi, Doriano Lamba and Manuela Bartolini took place from 18th to 21th September 2022 in the beautiful city of Bologna, Italy (14che8pon) It was a tremendously successful meeting!! Crystal structures of HsaD from Mycobacterium tuberculosis apo and in complex with Cyclophostin-like Cyclophostin-like inhibitors are available (7ZJT; 7ZM1; 7ZM2; 7ZM3; 7ZM4) and will be published soon by Barelier et al. Chemoproteomics-enabled identification of 4-Oxo-beta-Lactams as inhibitors of Dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 is published by Carvalho et al. and last structure of DPP9 in complex with a 4-oxo-b-lactam based inhibitor, A295 is available (7ZXS) Crystal structure of Arabidopsis DWARF14-LIKE2 (DLK2) reveals a distinct substrate binding pocket architecture as published by Burger et al. and structure is available (7TVW)

  • September 23, 2022:

    The 14th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and 8th Conference of Paraoxonases organized by Maria Laura Bolognesi, Doriano Lamba and Manuela Bartolini took place from 18th to 21th September 2022 in the beautiful city of Bologna, Italy (14che8pon) It was a tremendously successful meeting!! Structural basis for the substrate specificity of an S-formylglutathione hydrolase derived from Variovorax sp. PAMC 28711 is published by Hwang et al. and structure will be available soon (7YVT) Improved kinetic profile for imaging monoacylglycerol lipase in the brain is published by He et al. A potent and selective inhibitor for the modulation of MAGL activity in the neurovasculature is published by Kemble et al. and structure of inhibited human monoglycerid lipase is available (7ZPG). Ancestral sequence reconstruction identifies structural changes underlying the evolution of Ideonella sakaiensis PETase and variants with improved stability and activity is published by Joho et al.. Ancestral GrAnc8 and PROSS variant structures are available (8CRU; 8D1D) A new disease (Hatipoglu syndrome) is descibed by Harapas et al. resulting from mutations in human-DPP9. The symptoms included failure to thrive (consisting of poor weight gain,growing below the third percentile),skin manifestations, pancytopenia, and susceptibility to infections, which required hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The stop-gain mutations were expected to completely abolish the enzymatic activity of DPP9.

  • September 14, 2022:

    Multiple substrate binding mode-guided engineering of a thermophilic PET hydrolase is published by Pfaff et al. and structures are available (7CUV, 7W69, 7W6C, 7W6O, 7W6Q, 7W66, 7E30, 7E31) Chemoproteomics-enabled identification of 4-Oxo-beta-Lactams as inhibitors of Dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 is published by Carvalho et al. and structures of inhibited DPP8 and DPP9 are or will be soon available (7OZ7, 7A3G, 7A3J, 7AYQ, 7A3L, 7ZXS, 7OR4) A potent and selective inhibitor for the modulation of MAGL activity in the neurovasculature is published by Kemble et al.

  • September 07, 2022:

    A preprint by Menden et al. describes pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: SAR, kinetic, computational, and crystallographic study of the N-dialkyl O-arylcarbamate warhead. Structure of BCHE inhibited by one of the compound will be available soon (8AI7) Moore et al. publish a phenotypic screen identifying potent DPP9 inhibitors capable of killing HIV-1 infected cells. Structures of DPP8 and DPP9 with these compounds will be published soon (7SVO, 7SVM, 7SVN, 7SVL) The last structures of the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with ARUK3001185 and ARUK3000223 (Compound 7b) published by Zhao et al. are available (7PK3, 7PKV) and new ones will be soon published (7PJR)

  • August 31, 2022:

    Structural analysis and development of Notum fragment screening hits are published by Zhao et al..and 63 structures were already availble or just released (see a table of these structures) Structures of Arctic bacterium Paenibacillus sp. R4 PsEst3 psychrophilic esterase are available (7V8U; 7V8W; 7V8W; 7V8X) and will be published soon by Son et al. A review on Alpha/Beta-Hydrolase Domain-Containing 6 (ABHD6)- A Multifunctional Lipid Hydrolase is published by Pusch et al. A system for studying Strigolactone signaling complex formation in yeast is published by Yu et al. A review on GPIHBP1 interacting with LPL by Young et al., demontrates how this is crucial for plasma triglyceride metabolism. A review on neuronal roles of the multifunctional protein Dipeptidyl Peptidase-like 6 (DPP6) is published by Malloy et al.

  • August 24, 2022:

    The Nepsilon-rule for histidine imidazole close to the serine, but not cysteine catalytic triads is published by Czapinska et al.. When the nucleophile is a serine, the less stable Nepsilon-configuration is almost exclusively found. Endocannabinoid dysfunction is described in a new genetic neurological disease: neuro-ocular DAGLA-related syndrome (NODRS) by Bainbridge et al.. These are the first mutations described in human-DAGLA Stuctures of the bifunctional thioesterase catalyzing epimerization and cyclization (Skyxy-TE) were made available (7CRN; 7DXO) and published quite a while ago by Yu et al. Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hip1 (Rv2224c) is available (7SFM) and will be published soon by Ostrov et al. Molecular and biochemical differences of the tandem and cold-adapted PET hydrolases Ple628 and Ple629, isolated from a marine microbial consortium are published by Meyer-Cifuentes et al. and structures are available (7VMD, 7VPA). An accompagnying paper Li et al. disclose also a structure available soon (7VPB) Papers by Ogawa et al.(1) Ogawa et al.(2) show that trigolactones are chemoattractants for host tropism in Orobanchaceae parasitic plants and that strigol induces germination in the absence of nitrate ions Cochlear ribbon synapse maturation requires Nlgn1 and Nlgn3 as published by Ramirez et al. Comparative study of digestive lipase genes reveals the different evolutionary selection between mammals and fishes as published by Tang et al.

  • August 17, 2022:

    Ancestral sequence reconstruction identifies structural changes underlying the evolution of Ideonella sakaiensis PETase and variants with improved stability and activity is published by Joho et al.. Ancestral GrAnc8 and PROSS variant structures will be available soon (8CRU; 8D1D) Major implications of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human carboxylesterase 1 on substrate bioavailability are published by Yerrakula et al. N-benzyl benzamide derivatives as selective sub-nanomolar butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors are published by Du et al. Gupta et al. CIDEC regulates the enzymatic activity of adipose triglyceride lipase via interacting with its activator, CGI-58 Retinoblastoma binding protein 9 is an aminopeptidase with a preference for removing aromatic amino acids in human cells (7OEX) is published by Tang et al.. A new mechanism-based trap was used for substrate discovery. Discovery and modification of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolase from the human saliva metagenome for the degradation and bio-functionalization of PET is published by Eiamthong et al.

  • August 10, 2022:

    Structure of a promiscuous thioesterase domain responsible for branching acylation in polyketide biosynthesis is published by Fraley et al. and is availble (7R0X) Molecular and biochemical differences of the tandem and cold-adapted PET hydrolases Ple628 and Ple629, isolated from a marine microbial consortium are published by Meyer-Cifuentes et al. and structures will be available soon (7VMD, 7VPA). An accompagnying paper Li et al. disclose also a structure available soon (7VPB) Identification and characterization of two novel compounds: heterozygous variants of Lipoprotein Lipase in two pedigrees with type I hyperlipoproteinemia are published by Wang et al. Novel copy number variation of COLQ gene in a Moroccan patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome is published by El Kadiri et al. A highly sensitive and selective enzyme activated fluorescent probe for in vivo profiling of carboxylesterase 2 is published by Liu et al. Identification of cell wall synthesis inhibitors active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by competitive activity-based protein profiling is published by Li et al. Multiple substrate binding mode-guided engineering of a thermophilic PET hydrolase is published by Pfaff et al. and structures are or will be available soon (7CUV, 7W69, 7W6C, 7W6O, 7W6Q, 7W66, 7E30, 7E31)

  • August 03, 2022:

    A reverse catalytic triad Asp containing loop shaping a wide substrate binding pocket of a feruloyl esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum is published by Zhang et al. and structure is available (7EBO) The crystal structure of HotPETase, an evolved thermostable variant of IsPETase (7QVH) is available and a preprint is published by Bell et al. Shan et al. publish that alpha/beta-hydrolase D16B truncation results in premature sperm capacitation in cattle. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 triggers BRCA2 degradation and promotes DNA damage repair is published by Bolgi et al. and structures are available (6QZV; 6QZW) Identification of a Gain-of-Function LIPC variant as a novel cause of familial combined hypocholesterolemia is published by Dijk et al. We missed a preprint by Schenkmayerova et al. describes catalytic mechanism for Renilla-type bioluminescence and structures ara available since 01/06 (7OMD; 7OME; 7OMO; 7OMR)

  • July 20, 2022:

    Gregor Mendel was born 200 hundred years ago Cryo-EM structure of EDS1 and SAG101 with ATP-APDR is available (7XJP) an published by Huang et al.

  • July 13, 2022:

    Huang et al. publish that biochemical and structural data demonstrate that EDS1-PAD4 is a receptor complex for pRib-AMP/ADP, which allosterically promote EDS1-PAD4 interaction with ADR1-L1 but not NRG1A.pRib-AMP/ADP is a missing link in TIR signaling via EDS1-PAD4 and as likely second messengers for plant immunity. Structures are available (7XDD, 7XEY)

  • July 06, 2022:

    Structure-based design of dual partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists/Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors is published by Lillich et al. and structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with FL217 (7P4K) is available A novel strigolactone receptor antagonist providing insights into the structural inhibition, conditioning, and germination of the crop parasite Striga is published by Arellano-Saab et al. and crystal structure of ShHTL7 from Striga hermonthica in complex with strigolactone antagonist RG6 (7SNU),is available. Crystal structure of BioH3 from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (7WWF) is available and is published by Xu et al. Structures of Omphalotus olearius (Jack o'lantern) macrocyclase OphP prolyl oligopeptidase (7ZAZ, 7ZB0, 7ZB1, 7ZB2) are available and will be published soon by Matabaro et al. Sequence analysis and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of an acetylesterase (LgEstI) from Lactococcus garvieae are published by Do et al. Shen et al. show that the Covid-19 oral drug Molnupiravir is a CES2 substrate: Potential drug-drug interactions and impact of CES2 polymorphism in vitro

  • June 30, 2022:

    Activation and closed-state inactivation mechanisms of the human voltage-gated K V 4 channel complexes are published by Ye et al. and structure of uman Kv4.2-KChIP2-DPP6 channel complex in an open state, transmembrane region is available (7UKG) A new family (BD-FAE) was extracted from the huge hormone sensitive lipase like family BD-FAE according to the new family in PFAM (PF20434)

  • June 22, 2022:

    A novel strigolactone receptor antagonist providing insights into the structural inhibition, conditioning, and germination of the crop parasite Striga is published by Arellano-Saab et al. and crystal structure of ShHTL7 from Striga hermonthica in complex with strigolactone antagonist RG6 (7SNU), will be soon available. Expansion of the strigolactone profluorescent probes repertory: The right probe for the right application. is published by de Saint Germain et al. Liu et al. publish that deficiency in endocannabinoid synthase DAGLB contributes to early onset Parkinsonism and murine nigral dopaminergic neuron dysfunction

  • June 15, 2022:

    The 17th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms took place May 8-12, 2022 in Dubrovnik, Croatia (XVIIth ISCM) and was very successful. (see the pictures already available at (XVIIth ISCM images) More pictures (iscm2022 on ESTHER) The organizers of the '14th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and 8th International Conference on Paraoxonases' are pleased to inform you that the deadline to submit Abstracts has been postponed to: JUNE 15th, 2022. Please visit the meeting website (14che8pon) A multi-omics analysis reveals that the lysine deacetylase ABHD14B influences glucose metabolism in mammals and is published by Rajendra et al. Impact of AADAC gene expression on prognosis in patients with Borrmann type III advanced gastric cancer is published by Wang et al. The metabolic resistance of Nilaparvata lugens to chlorpyrifos is mainly driven by the carboxylesterase CarE17 as published by Lu et al. Metagenomic screening for lipolytic genes reveals an ecology-clustered distribution pattern and is published by Mingji Lu et al.

  • June 08, 2022:

    The 17th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms took place May 8-12, 2022 in Dubrovnik, Croatia (XVIIth ISCM) and was very successful. If you were there, please let us know of your appreciation and send us your pictures! (see the pictures already available at (XVIIth ISCM images) The organizers of the '14th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and 8th International Conference on Paraoxonases' are pleased to inform you that the deadline to submit Abstracts has been postponed to: JUNE 15th, 2022. Please visit the meeting website (14che8pon) Liu et al. published that targeting LIPA independent of its lipase activity is a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. They disclosed ERX-41 which specifically interacts with LIPA (human-LIPA) A new class of bi- and trifunctional sugar oximes as antidotes against organophosphorus poisoning is published by Da Silva et al. and structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with oximes are available (7P1P, 7P1N)

  • June 01, 2022:

    Crystal structures of the cofactor-devoid 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) catalytically inactive H251A variant complexed with 2-methyl-quinolin-4(1H)-one are available (7OJM; 7OKZ) and will be published soon by Bui et al. A review on Post-Proline Cleaving Enzymes (PPCEs) is published by Baharin et al.

  • May 26, 2022:

    Structure and mechanism of a cold-adapted bacterial lipase are published by van der Ent et al. and structures of Bacillus pumilus Lipase A are available (7R1K, 7R25) Cryo-EM structure of acylpeptide hydrolase reveals substrate selection by multimerization and a multi-state serine-protease triad is published by Kiss-Szeman et al. and structure is available (7PX8). It is the first animal structure in this family ACPH_Peptidase_S9 The structure and molecular dynamics of prolyl oligopeptidase from Microbulbifer arenaceous provide insights into catalytic and regulatory mechanisms is published by Huang et al. and structures are available (7VGB, 7VGC)

  • May 23, 2022:

    The XVII International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM-2022) took place May 8-12, 2022 in Dubrovnik, Croatia (ISCM-2022). It was really a success. New results were disclosed and new ideas emerged. Evolution of tunnels in alpha/beta-hydrolase fold proteins is published by will be published soon by Hamiaux et al. Bzowka et al.

  • May 11, 2022:

    Crystal structure of Epiphyas postvittana antennal carboxylesterase 24 is available (7MP4) and will be published soon by Hamiaux et al. Willis et al. describe the design of a potent, selective and brain penetrant inhibitor of Wnt-deactivating enzyme Notum (ARUK3001185) by optimization of a crystallographic fragment hit. A structure will be available soon (7PK3) Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with tacrine and implications for drug discovery is published by Dileep et al. and structure (7XN1) is available Zorbaz et al. publish that halogen substituents enhance oxime nucleophilicity for reactivation of cholinesterases inhibited by nerve agents

  • May 04, 2022:

    Formation of thyroid hormone revealed by a cryo-EM structure of native bovine thyroglobulin is published by Marechal et al. and structure is availble (7QTQ) Structure of tabun inhibited acetylcholinesterase in complex with 2-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-1-(5-(4-methyl-3-nitrobenzamido)pentyl)pyridinium is available (7R2F) Identification of conserved and divergent strigolactone receptors in sugarcane reveals a key residue crucial for plant branching control are published by Hu et al. and structure is available (7F5W) Structure of human Pectinacetylesterase-Notum in complex with inhibitor is available (7QVZ), and will be published soon by Zhao et al. Structure and mechanism of a cold-adapted bacterial lipase are published by van der Ent et al. and structures of Bacillus pumilus Lipase A will be available soon (7R1K, 7R25) The name of the family Duf_2974 was changed to Mbeg1-like

  • April 27, 2022:

    Broad-spectrum antidote discovery by untangling the reactivation mechanism of nerve agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase is published by Lindgren et al. and structures of mouse ACHE inhibited by nerve agents with new reactivator are available (7R02, 7QYN, 7R2F, 7R3C, 7R4E, 7R0A) Structure of polyethylene terephthalate ester esterase (BhrPETase, Bomgl, monoacylglycerol lipase) from Bacterium HR29 is available (7EOA) and will be published soon by Wang et al. A review on Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is published by Yaginuma et al. Mammalian extracellular PLA1s belong to alpha/beta hydrolase families and cytosol PLA1c do not Ikonnikova et al. show that Enalapril activation is affected by the CES1 genetic polymorphism G143E (rs71647871) Gookin et al. investigated the nanoscale architecture of the inhibitory synaptic adhesion molecule, neuroligin-2 (NL2) Improved stability of human CGI-58 induced by phosphomimetic S237E mutation is published by Llamas-Garcia et al.

  • April 20, 2022:

    Broad-spectrum antidote discovery by untangling the reactivation mechanism of nerve agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase is published by Lindgren et al. and structures of mouse ACHE inhibited by nerve agents with new reactivator will be available soon (7R02, 7QYN, 7R2F, 7R3C, 7R4E, 7R0A) Structures of thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase (FASN-TE) binding a competitive inhibitors are available (7MHD, 7MHE) and will be published soon by Aleshin et al.

  • April 13, 2022:

    Crystal structures of the plant phospholipase A1 proteins revealing a unique dimerization domain are published by Heo et al. and structures are available (2YIJ, 7X0C, 7X0D) Inhibition of triple negative breast cancer-associated inflammation, tumor growth and brain colonization by targeting monoacylglycerol lipase is published by Benchama et al.

  • April 06, 2022:

    A preprint by Willis et al. describe the design of a potent, selective and brain penetrant inhibitor of Wnt-deactivating enzyme Notum (ARUK3001185) by optimization of a crystallographic fragment hit. A structure will be available soon (7PK3) Structural analysis of the ancestral haloalkane dehalogenase AncLinB-DmbA is published by Mazur et al. and structure is available (7PW1) Dual reversible coumarin inhibitors mutually bound to monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholinesterase crystal structures are published by Ekstrom et al. and structures are available (7QAK, 7QB4) Deep learning redesign of PETase for practical PET degrading applications is described in a preprint by Lu 1et al., Lu 2 et al. and crystal structure of a PET hydrolase mutant from Ideonella Sakaiensis is available (7SH6)

  • March 30, 2022:

    Crystal Structure of Hip1 (Rv2224c) mutant - S228DHA (dehydroalanine) and T466A/S228DHA are available (5BKM, 7M7C) and will be published soon by Naffin-Olivos et al. Conjugates of tacrine with salicylamide as promising multitarget agents for Alzheimer's disease is published by Grishchenko et al. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Neogliptin, a novel 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-based inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is published by Maslov et al. Dongus et al. publish that cavity surface residues of PAD4 and SAG101 contribute to EDS1 dimer signaling specificity in plant immunity

  • March 23, 2022:

    The structure of glucuronoyl esterase OtCE15A R268A variant from Opitutus terrae in complex with, and covalently linked to, D-glucuronate is available (7B7H) and is published by Zong et al. Crystal Structure of Hip1 (Rv2224c) mutant - S228DHA (dehydroalanine) is available (5BKM) and will be published soon by Naffin-Olivos et al. Piazzesi et al. published that in C. elegans, CEST-2.2 overexpression alters lipid metabolism and extends longevity of mitochondrial mutants. Effective degradation of Novichok nerve agents by the Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework MOF-808 is published by de Koning et al.

  • March 16, 2022:

    We experienced a major breakdown of the server recently and the database was not available for a couple of days. We are sorry for the inconvenience, and hope the shutdown wil not happen again. Crystal structure of Monoacylglycerol Lipase chimera (Geobacillus sp. 12AMOR1, Cytobacillus oceanisediminis 2691) is available (7E0N) and will be published soon by Lan and Wang. A review 'Reimagining cholinergic therapy for Alzheimer's disease' is published by Giacobini et al. Discovery and in vivo proof of concept of a highly potent dual inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase and acetylcholinesterase for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is published by Codony et al. A novel homozygous mutation of PNLIP gene in congenital pancreatic lipase deficiency: an extended family study is published by Kamal et al.

  • March 09, 2022:

    Human Butyrylcholinesterase in complex with N-(2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-cycloheptyl-N-methylethan-1-amine and 3-(2-(butyl(2-cycloheptylethyl)amino)ethyl)-1H-indol-6-ol are available (7BO3, 7BO4) and 'Tryptophan-based amides to tertiary amines: Optimization of a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor series' is published soon by Meden et al. Sun et al. published that Kurarinone alleviated Parkinson's disease via stabilization of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in animal model. Structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in complex with Kurarinone is available soon (7EBA). Crystal structure of the Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius feruloyl esterase GthFAE is available (7WWH) and tructure-guided rational design of GthFAE to improve its thermostability is published by Yang et al. Substrate-binding mode of a thermophilic PET hydrolase and engineering the enzyme to enhance the hydrolytic efficacy is published by Zeng et al. and structures of leaf-branch compost cutinase variant apo and in complex are available (7VVC, 7VVE, 7W1N, 7W44, 7W45) A new class of bi- and trifunctional sugar oximes as antidotes against organophosphorus poisoning is published by Da Silva et al. and crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with (E)-3-hydroxy-6-(3-(4-(4-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)butyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propyl)picolinaldehyde oxime is available (7P1P) Molecular and kinetic characterization of two acetylcholinesterases with particular focus on the roles of two amino acid substitutions (Y390N and F392W) in Bemisia tabaci is published by Kim et al. Engineered HaloTag variants for fluorescence lifetime multiplexing are published Frei et al.

  • March 02, 2022:

    Structure-guided rational design of the Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius feruloyl esterase GthFAE to improve its thermostability is published by Yang et al. and structure (7WWH) will be available soon Dual reversible coumarin inhibitors mutually bound to monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholinesterase crystal structures are published by Ekstrom et al. and structures will be available soon (7QAK, 7QB4) Structure of human Pectinacetylesterase-Notum in complex with inhibitors are available (7BLI, 7BLS, 7BLT, 7BLU, 7BLW, 7BM1, 7BM3, 7BM7, 7BMB, 7BMD, 7BN5, 7BN8, 7BNB, 7BNC, 7BND, 7BNE, 7BNF, 7BNJ, 7BNL, 7BO1, 7BO2, 7BO5) and will be published soon by Zhao and Jones. Human Butyrylcholinesterase in complex with N-(2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-cycloheptyl-N-methylethan-1-amine and 3-(2-(butyl(2-cycloheptylethyl)amino)ethyl)-1H-indol-6-ol are available (7BO3, 7BO4) and will be published soon by Brazzolotto et al. Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase LinB57 mutant (H272F) from Sphingobium japonicum UT26 is available (7NFZ) and will be published soon by Marek, M., and Damborsky, J. Structure of a bacteroidetal polyethylene terephthalate (PET) esterase PET30 is published by Zhang et al. and is available (7PZJ). Promiscuous esterases with PET-Hydrolyzing activity are also described. Sun et al. published that Kurarinone alleviated Parkinson's disease via stabilization of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in animal model. Structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in complex with Kurarinone will be available soon (7EBA).

  • February 23, 2022:

    Rational design of potent inhibitors of Striga strigolactone receptor ShHTL7 is published soon by Zarban et al. and structure is vailable (7C8L) Functional and structural insights into environmental adaptation of a novel Hormone-sensitive lipase, E53, obtained from Erythrobacter longus are published by Ding et al. and structures of wild type enzyme and mutants are available (7W8N, 7CI0, 6KF5, 7CIH) Functionally important residues on ABHD5 surface for lipolysis activation by PNPLA2, lipid droplet targeting and PLIN-binding are identified by Tseng et al. Dilokpimol et al. publish that screening of novel fungal Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 enzymes identifies three novel dual feruloyl/acetyl xylan esterases Structure of double cysteine mutations in Geobacillus zalihae T1 lipase is available (7EY3) and is published by Hamdan et al.

  • February 16, 2022:

    New Structures of human acetylcholinesterase apo and in complex with tacrine and donepazil are available (7E3D, 7XN1 (7XN1 replaced 7E3I), 7E3H) and will be published soon by Dileep et al. Guercio et al. published structural and functional analyses which explain Pea KAI2 receptor diversity and reveal stereoselective catalysis during signal perception. Crystal structure of Pisum sativum KAI2 Apo form and in complex with GR24-ent5DS product are available (7K2Z, 7K38) Development of High Brain-Penetrant and Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase PET Tracers for Neuroimaging is published by He et al. Crystal structure of human monoglyceride lipase with compound 13, YH149 is available (7PRM) Photoswitchable pseudoirreversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors which allow optical control of inhibition in Vitro and enable restoration of cognition in an Alzheimer's Disease mouse model upon irradiation are published by Scheiner et al. Cutinase-catalyzed polyester-polyurethane degradation: elucidation of the hydrolysis mechanism is published by Di Bisceglie et al.

  • February 09, 2022:

    The XVII International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM-2022) will take place during May 8-12, 2022 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. The web site is available (iscm2022.com) Fiorilli et al. publish that a structural homologue of the plant receptor D14 mediates responses to strigolactones in the fungal phytopathogen Cryphonectria parasitica. This lead to the definition of a new family: (Fungal-D14-Strigolactone-R) different from the RsbQ-like family of plant Strigolactoen receptors Kawai et al. publish that the alpha/beta hydrolase AzpM synthesizes the DON-DON dipeptide using two DONtethered to the carrier protein AzpF (DON-AzpF) Hsu et al. publish the ACE genes in Aphelenchoides besseyi isolates and their expression correlation to the fenamiphos treatment Crystal structure of a novel alpha/beta hydrolase in apo form and in complex with citrate are available (7E30, 7E31) and will be published soon by Gao et al.

  • February 02, 2022:

    Development of high brain-penetrant and reversible monoacylglycerol lipase PET tracers for neuroimaging is published by He et al. and structure of human monoglyceride lipase with compound 13, YH149 (7PRM) will be available soon. Crystal structure of Bomgl, a monoacylglycerol lipase from marine Bacillus sp. is available (7E04) and will be published soon by Wang et al. A chemical tool for blue light-inducible proximity photo-crosslinking in live cells is published by Mishra et al. and crystal structure of HaloTag complexed with VL1 (7WAM) and UL2 (7WAN) are available. Identification of a novel mutation in carboxyl ester lipase gene in a Patient with MODY-like Diabetes is published by Kondoh et al.

  • January 26, 2022:

    Rational design of a novel acetyl xylan esterase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI5482 for expanded substrate specificity with enhanced activity will be published soon by Wang et al. and structure (7DWC) is available The Functional Characterization and Crystal Structure of the Bifunctional Thioesterase Catalyzing Epimerization and Cyclization will be published soon and structure (7DXO) is available. Structure of Solimonas sp. K1W22B-7 Dienelactone hydrolase family protein ScDLH (7JIZ) is available and will be published soon by Schnettler Fernandez et al.

  • January 19, 2022:

    A new database: The Plastics-Active Enzymes Database is available PAZy and curated by a collaboration between the University of Hamburg (Wolfgang Streit), Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology and the University of Stuttgart, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry.(Juergen Pleiss). Enzymes acting on the polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PUR) are alpha/beta hydrolases. A paper describing the database is published by Buchholz et al.2 Buchholz et al. Structure of a bacteroidetal polyethylene terephthalate (PET) esterase PET30 is published by Zhang et al. and will be available soon (7PZJ). Promiscuous esterases with PET-Hydrolyzing activity are also described. Structural and mechanistic insights into chain release of the polyene PKS thioesterase domain is published by Zhou et al. and structures are available (7VO4, 7VO5) Three mutations repurpose a plant karrikin receptor (KAI2) to a strigolactone receptor (function similar to DWARF14) as published by Arellano-Saab et al. Three new mutations found in Maspardin gene found in european patients with Mast Syndrome (SPG21) outside the Amish community are published by Amprosi et al.

  • January 12, 2022:

    Great news: Maria Laura Bolognesi, Doriano Lamba and Manuela Bartolini announce that the 14th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and 8th Conference of Paraoxonases will take place in-person from 18th to 21th September 2022 in the beautiful city of Bologna, Italy (14che8pon) Functional and structural insights into environmental adaptation of a novel Hormone-sensitive lipase, E53, obtained from Erythrobacter longus are published by Ding et al. and structures of wild type enzyme and mutants are available (7W8N, 7CI0, 6KF5, 7CIH) Crystal structure and substrate recognition mechanism of the prolyl endoprotease PEP from Aspergillus niger are published by Miyazono et al. and structure (7WAB) is available. The structure of glucuronoyl esterase OtCE15A R268A variant from Opitutus terrae in complex with, and covalently linked to, D-glucuronate is available (7B7H) and will be published soon by Zong et al. A new coding sequence variant (a missense variant: V184A) in neuroligin 3 was significantly more common in autistic children than in controls in a study published by Hegde et al. More high-resolution crystal structures of the Notum inhibitor complexes will be published soon by Zhao Fish and Jones and some are available (7B50, 7B84, 7B86, 7B87, 7B89, 7B8A, 7B8C, 7B8D, 7B8F, 7B8G, 7B8J, 7B8K, 7B8L, 7B8M, 7B8N, 7B8O, 7B8U, 7B8X, 7B8Y, 7B8Z, 7B98, 7B99, 7B9D, 7B9I, 7B9N, 7B9U, 7BA1, 7BAC, 7BAP, 7BC8, 7BC9, 7BCC, 7BCD, 7BCF, 7BCH, 7BCI, 7BCK, 7BCL, 7BD2, 7BD3, 7BD4, 7BD5, 7BD6, 7BD8, 7BDA, 7BDB, 7BDC, 7BDD, 7BDF, 7BDG, 7BDH) In particular (7B45, 7B4X, 7B3X7B3G, 7B3H, 7B3I, 7B3P) are published by Steadman et al.

  • January 05, 2022:

    Molecular basis for high ligand sensitivity and selectivity of strigolactone receptors in Striga is published by Wang et al. and structure (7WA8) is available

  • December 29, 2021:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year! A New L-Proline amide hydrolase with potential application within the amidase process is published by Martinez-Rodriguez et al. and structure is available (7A6G) Shifts in backbone conformation of acetylcholinesterases upon binding of covalent inhibitors, reversible ligands and substrates is published by Radic et al. Cryo-EM Structure of Human Thyroglobulin is available in PDB (7B75) as published by Adaixo et al. Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with (E)-3-hydroxy-6-(3-(4-(4-(((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)butyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propyl)picolinaldehyde oxime is available (7P1P) and will be published soon by Da Silva et al. As the year 2021 ends we are pleased to publish the 7 hundredth News post on this website

  • December 22, 2021:

    Crystal structure of a type-A feruloyl esterase from gut Alistipes shahii is available (7DQ9) and will be published soon by Wei et al. Structure of Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases, Thioesterase from Streptomyces sp. SNM55 is available (7E3Z) and unprecedented noncanonical features of the nonlinear nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembly line for WS9326A biosynthesis is published by Kim et al. Crystal structure of RBBP9 in complex with phenylalanine (Aminopeptidase activity with preference for aromatic residues) is available (7OEX) and will be published soon by Tang et al. A review on alpha/beta-hydrolase domain-containing 6: signaling and function in the central nervous system is published by Zhang et al. Li et al. publish that a distal mutation V486M disrupts the catalytic activity of DPP4 by affecting the flap of the propeller domain. Mechanisms of congenital myasthenia caused by three mutations in the COLQ gene are published by Luo et al. Miyake et al. publish that a homozygous ABHD16A variant causes a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia with developmental delay, absent speech, and characteristic face

  • December 15, 2021:

    Crystal structure of the human Prolyl Endopeptidase-Like protein short form (residues 90-727), a (thio)esterase involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain function is available (7OBM) and is published by Rosier et al. Noby et al. publish structure and in silico simulations of a cold-active esterase revealing its prime cold-adaptation mechanism, and structure is available (7B4Q) X-ray structures of Haloalkane Halotag7-M175W or Q165W labeled with chloralkane-tetramethylrhodamine fluorophore substrate are available (7PCW, 7PCX) and will be published soon by Tarnawski et al. Structure-based design of dual partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists/Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors is published by Lillich et al. and structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with FL217 (7P4K) will be available soon Structural analysis of the ancestral haloalkane dehalogenase AncLinB-DmbA is published by Mazur et al. and structure will be available soon (7PW1)

  • December 08, 2021:

    More high-resolution crystal structures of the Notum inhibitor complexes will be published soon by Zhao Fish and Jones and some are available (7B3G, 7B3H, 7B3I, 7B3P, 7B3X). Structural and biochemical analyses of the tetrameric carboxypeptidase S9Cfn from Fusobacterium nucleatum are published by Wang et al. and structure is available (7EP9) Two new mutations in the CEL gene causing diabetes and hereditary pancreatitis are published by El Jellas et al. Interactions of human acetylcholinesterase with phenyl valerate and acetylthiocholine: Thiocholine as an enhancer of phenyl valerate esterase activity is published by Estevez et al. Glycerol is released from a new path in MGL lipase catalytic process as published by Lan et al. Origins of strigolactone and karrikin signaling in plants is reviewed by Wang et al. Authors suggest that plant KAI2 was derived from bacterial RsbQ via horizontal gene transfer.Germination stimulatory activity of bacterial butenolide hormones from Streptomyces albus J1074 on seeds of the root parasitic weed Orobanche minor had previously been found by Okazawa et al.

  • December 01, 2021:

    We are deeply sorry to bring the bad news that Dr Giancarlo Pepeu, Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology at the University of Firenze, died at the age of 91 this November. Brown et al. published : From structure to clinic: Design of a muscarinic M1 receptor agonist with potential to treatment of Alzheimer's disease Noby et al. publish structure and in silico simulations of a cold-active esterase revealing its prime cold-adaptation mechanism, and structure will be available soon (7B4Q)

  • November 24, 2021:

    Great news from Zrinka Kovarik, chair of ISCM2022 and Hermona Soreq, president of the International Scientific Board on Cholinergic Mechanisms: The XVII International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM-2022) will take place during May 8-12, 2022 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of dual soluble epoxide hydrolase/fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors is published by Wilt et al.

  • November 17, 2021:

    Importance of Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 15 (AtCXE15) in catabolism of strigolactones is published by Xu et al. Kinchen et al. publish that long-chain acylcholines link butyrylcholinesterase to regulation of non-neuronal cholinergic signaling. Zhang et al. show that human carboxylesterase 1A plays a predominant role in the hydrolytic activation of remdesivir. Villaecija-Aguilar et al. publish that KAI2 promotes Arabidopsis root hair elongation at low external phosphate by controlling local accumulation of AUX1 and PIN2.

  • November 10, 2021:

    The structure of bovine thyroglobulin with iodinated tyrosines is available (7N4Y) and published by Kim et al. Crystal structure of the human Prolyl Endopeptidase-Like protein short form (residues 90-727), a (thio)esterase involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain function is available (7OBM) and will be published soon by Rosier et al. de Saint Germain et al. publish that Phelipanche ramosa KAI2 protein perceives strigolactones and isothiocyanates enzymatically.

  • November 03, 2021:

    Structural and biochemical characterization of a cold-active PMGL3 Esterase with unusual oligomeric structure is published by Boyko et al. and structure is available (7B1X) Deng et al. published that ABHD6 controls amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion: involvement of CB1 receptors The loss of enzymatic activity of the PHARC associated lipase ABHD12 results in increased phagocytosis that causes neuroinflammation as published by Singh et al.

  • October 27, 2021:

    Markova et al. published: Computational enzyme stabilization can affect folding energy landscapes and lead to catalytically enhanced domain-swapped dimers. Corresponding crystal structures of haloalkane dehalogenase variant DhaA115 domain-swapped dimer type-1 and 2 and variant DhaA177 domain-swapped dimer type-3 (6TY7, 6XT8, 6XTC) are available. First crystal structure of bacterial Oligopeptidase B in an intermediate state and the roles of the hinge region modification and spermine are published by Petrenko et al.. Structures are available (7NE4, 7NE5, 7OB1) The structure of carboxypeptidase from Fusobacterium nucleatum (7EP9) is available and will be published soon by Wang et al.

  • October 20, 2021:

    A preprint describes the abundance of mRNA transcripts of bacteroidetal polyethylene terephthalate (PET) esterase genes that may indicate a role in marine plastic degradation Zhang et al. AlphaFold models of protein structures (Jumper et al.) are now commonly used to understand enzyme functions. Soon the links to these models will be available in ESTHER. A special issue on Alpha Fold is published in the Journal of Molecular Biology Serpell et al. Phylogenetic analysis and in-depth characterization of functionally and structurally diverse CE5 cutinases are published by Novy et al. A missense variant Arg611Cys in LIPE which encodes hormone sensitive lipase decreases lipolysis and increases risk of type 2 diabetes in american indians Muller et al. HaloTag engineering for enhanced fluorogenicity and kinetics with a styrylpyridine dyeis published by Miro-Vinyals et al. and structures of Haloalkane dehalogenase complexed with styrylpyridine compounds are available (7OO4, 7OND)

  • October 13, 2021:

    Structural basis of gating modulation of Kv4-2 channel complexes by intracellular Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIP1) and transmembrane dipeptidyl peptidase-related proteins (DPP6) is published by Kise et al.. Electron microscopy structures and X-Ray structures are available (7E8B, 7E87, 7E89, 7E8H, 7E8E, 7E8G) A novel lipase from Lasiodiplodia theobromae efficiently hydrolyses C8-C10 methyl esters for the preparation of medium-chain triglycerides precursors is published by Ng et al. and structure is available (7V6D) Crystal Structure of a Double Mutant PETase (S238F/W159H) from Ideonella sakaiensis is available (7OSB) and published by Erickson et al. A study of Butyrylcholinesterase-Protein interactions in human serum is published by Jasiecki et al.

  • October 06, 2021:

    Overcoming the AChE over BChE selectivity of huprine derivatives in a novel class of multi target anti-Alzheimer compounds will be published soon by Vienna et al. and structures Torpedo Californica acetylcholinesterase with inhibitors are available (7AIT, 7AIS, 7AIU, 7AIV, 7AIW, 7AIX, 7AIY) Structure of L-proline amide hydrolase from Pseudomonas syringae (7A6G) is available and will be published soon by Martinez-Rodriguez, S., Gavira, J.A. NDRG1 facilitates lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by maintaining the stability of the KSHV helicase as published by Dong et al.

  • September 29, 2021:

    Bjorkgren et al. published that ABHD2 regulates the rhythm of follicular maturation and estrous stages of the female reproductive cycle (a preprint in BioRxv had been published earlier) Structural basis of gating modulation of Kv4-2 channel complexes by intracellular Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIP1) and transmembrane dipeptidyl peptidase-related proteins (DPP6) is published by Kise et al.. Electron microscopy structures and X-Ray structures will be available soon (7E8B, 7E87, 7E89, 7E8H, 7E8E, 7E8G) Development and crystallography-aided SAR studies of multifunctional BuChE inhibitors and 5-HT6R antagonists with beta-amyloid anti-aggregation properties is published by Wichur et al. and structures are available. (7AWI, 7AWH, 7AWG) Novel reversible-binding PET ligands for imaging Monoacylglycerol Lipase based on the piperazinyl azetidine scaffold are published by Rong et al. ABHD16A deficiency causes a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with intellectual disability and cerebral anomalies as published by Lemire et al.

  • September 22, 2021:

    The protonation state of Glu202 in acetylcholinesterase is analysed by Wang et al. Room temperature crystallography of human acetylcholinesterase bound to a substrate analogue 4K-TMA: Towards a neutron structure - is published by Gerlits et al. and structures are available (7RB5, 7RB6, 7RB7) Photopharmacology on acetylcholinesterase: novel photoswitchable inhibitors with improved pharmacological profiles is published by Scheiner et al. Rare novel LPL mutations are associated with neonatal onset lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency are published by Wu et al. Substrate inhibition by the blockage of product release and its control by tunnel engineering in haloalkane dehalogenase is published by Kokkonen et al. Khetarpal et al. published that Endothelial lipase mediates efficient lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins

  • September 15, 2021:

    Room temperature crystallography of human acetylcholinesterase bound to a substrate analogue 4K-TMA: Towards a neutron structure - is published by Gerlits et al. and structures will be available soon (7RB5, 7RB6, 7RB7) Development and crystallography-aided SAR studies of multifunctional BuChE inhibitors and 5-HT6R antagonists with beta-amyloid anti-aggregation properties is published by Wichur et al. and structures will be available soon (7AWI, 7AWH, 7AWG) Computational design and crystal structure of a highly efficient benzoylecgonine hydrolase is published by Chen et al. and structure Bacetrial Cocaine Esterase with mutations T172R/G173Q/V116K/S117A/A51L, bound to benzoic acid is available (7F65) Structural changes in the cap of Rv0183/mtbMGL modulate the shape of the binding pocket are published by Grininger et al. and structures will be soon available (7OZM, 7P0Y)

  • September 09, 2021:

    Structural changes in the cap of Rv0183/mtbMGL modulate the shape of the binding pocket are published by Grininger et al. and structures will be soon available (7OZM, 7P0Y) Discovery of a broad-spectrum fluorogenic agonist for Strigolactone receptors through a computational approach is published by Wang et al. Stabilization of haloalkane dehalogenase structure by interfacial interaction with ionic liquids is published by Shaposhnikova et al. and structures are available (7O8B, 7O3O) Xue et al. identified a large homozygous SPG21 deletion in a Chinese patient with Mast syndrome

  • September 01, 2021:

    Discovery of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole-based multifunctional ligands targeting cholinesterases and 5-HT6 receptor with antiaggregation properties against amyloid-beta and tau is published by Wichur et al. Wrobel et al.show that combinatorial assembly of modular clucosides via Carboxylesterases regulates C. elegans starvation survival .

  • August 25, 2021:

    Kinetics-driven drug design strategy for next-generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to clinical candidate is published by Zhou et al. and structures are available (7D9O, 7D9P, 7D9Q) Structural insights into a novel carbohydrate esterase family 7 acetyl xylan esterase from Lactococcus lactis will be published soon by Jiang et al. and structure is availeble (7XMJ) (replaces 7CUZ)

  • August 18, 2021:

    A review by Prof Masayuki Oda on structural basis for Ca(2+)-dependent catalysis of a cutinase-like enzyme and its engineering: application to enzymatic PET depolymerization is available. Reshaping the active pocket of esterase Est816 for resolution of economically important racemates is published by Liu et al. Crystal Structure of the Bifunctional Thioesterase Catalyzing Epimerization and Cyclization is availble (7CRN) and will be published soon by Yu et al.

  • August 11, 2021:

    Design and synthesis of novel spiro derivatives as potent and reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) inhibitors: Bioisosteric transformation from 3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl moiety is published by Ikeda et al. and structures are available (7L4W, 7L50, 7L4U, 7L4T). Autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability-associated mutations in Trio disrupt Neuroligin 1-mediated synaptogenesis is published by Tian et al. Computational design and crystal structure of a highly efficient benzoylecgonine hydrolase is published by Chen et al. and structure will be available soon (7F65) EPHX1 mutations cause a lipoatrophic diabetes syndrome due to impaired epoxide hydrolysis and increased cellular senescence as published by Gautheron et al.

  • August 04, 2021:

    Crystal structures of DPP8 in complex with the EIL peptide (SLRFLFEGQRIADNH) and 1G244 are available (6TRW, 6TRX) and are published by Ross et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 triggers BRCA2 degradation by the N-degron pathway to promote DNA-damage repair is published by Silva-Garcia et al. and structures are available (6QZW, (6QZV) The HaloTag as a general scaffold for far-red tunable chemigenetic indicators is published by Deo et al. and structures are available (6U2M, 6U32) Covalent inhibition of hAChE by organophosphates causes homodimer dissociation through long-range allosteric effects is published by Blumenthal et al. and electro microscopy structures are available. Development of a CNS-permeable reactivator (LLNL-02) for nerve agent exposure: an iterative, multi-disciplinary approach is published by Bennion et al. Combined cardioprotective and adipocyte browning effects promoted by the eutomer of dual sEH/PPARgamma modulator TK90 is published by Hartmann et al. and structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with TK90 is available (7A7G). Novel class of covalent Notum inhibitors, 4-(indolin-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoate esters are published by Zhao et al. and structures (7ARG, 7B2Z, 7B2Y, 7B2V, 7B37, 7B3F) are available X-Ray structures of the Haloalkane dehalogenase HaloTag7 mutants labeled with fluorophore substrate are available (6ZVU, 6ZVU, 6ZVV, 6ZVX, 6ZVY) and will be published soon by Tarnawski et al. An ABHD17-like hydrolase screening system to identify de-S-acylation enzymes of protein substrates in plant cells is published by y Liu et al.

  • July 28, 2021:

    Novel class of covalent Notum inhibitors, 4-(indolin-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoate esters are published by Zhao et al. and structures (7ARG, 7B2Z, 7B2Y, 7B2V, 7B37, 7B3F) will be available soon An antidote screening system for organophosphorus poisoning using zebrafish larvae is published by Dubrana et al.

  • July 21, 2021:

    Promiscuous dehalogenase activity of the epoxide hydrolase CorEH from Corynebacterium sp. C12 is published by Schuiten et al. and structure (7AC0) is available HaloTag engineering for enhanced fluorogenicity and kinetics with a styrylpyridine dye will be published soon by Miro-Vinyals et al. and structures of Haloalkane dehalogenase complexed with styrylpyridine compounds are available (7OO4, 7OND) Structure of the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with fragment 049 area available (7B7W, 7B7Y, 7B7X) and will be published soon by Zhao end Jones A neuroligin isoform translated by circNlgn contributes to cardiac remodeling as published by Du et al.; An autism-associated neuroligin-3 mutation affects developmental synapse elimination in the cerebellum as published by Lai et al.

  • July 14, 2021:

    Structures of microbial hormone-sensitive lipase E53 wild type and mutants are available (7CIP, 7CIH, 7CI0) and will be published soon by Yang et al. Crystal structure of DPP8 in complex with a 4-oxo-b-lactam based inhibitor, L84 is available (7OZ7) and will be published soon by Fehr et al.

  • July 07, 2021:

    Reprogramming epoxide hydrolase to improve enantioconvergence in hydrolysis of styrene oxide scaffolds is published by Li et al. and structures of Vigna radiata Epoxide hydrolase mutants (Mung bean) VrEH2 (7CG2, 7CG6) Structure of a carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) glucuronoyl esterase from Caldicellulosiruptor kristjansonii is available (7NN3) and published in Krska et al. Implications for the PET decomposition mechanism through similarity and dissimilarity between PETases from Rhizobacter gummiphilus and Ideonella sakaiensis is published by Sagong et al. and crystal structures of PETase from Rhizobacter gummiphilus are available (7DZU, 7DZT, 7DZV) Positive charge introduction on the surface of thermostabilized PET hydrolase facilitates PET binding and segradation is published by Nakamura et al. and structures are available (7ECB, 7EC8) Crystal structures of DPP8 in complex with beta-lactam based inhibitors are available (7A3K, 7OR4) and will be published soon by Fehr et al. Building and destroying synaptic bridges: How do Hevin/Sparcl1, SPARC, and MDGAs modify trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin interactions is published by Fan et al. highlighted by Ramirez et al. Notum deletion from late-stage skeletal cells increases cortical bone formation and potentiates skeletal effects of sclerostin inhibition is published by Choi et al. ABHD4-Regulating RNA Panel: Novel Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndrome Diagnosis is published by Agwa et al. Substrate access mechanism in a novel membrane-bound 1 phospholipase A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa concordant with specificity and regioselectivity is published by Ahmad et al. A review on alpha/beta hydrolase domain inhibitors is published by Bononi et al.

  • June 30, 2021:

    Evidence for a bacterial Lands cycle phospholipase A: Structural and mechanistic insights into membrane phospholipid remodeling is published by Bleffert et al.Biorxiv Bleffert et al. eLife PlaF dimerization, mediated solely through the intermolecular interactions of TM and juxtamembrane regions, inhibits its activity. Structure is available (6I8W) Crystal structures of DPP8 in complex with a 4-oxo-b-lactam based inhibitors, B115, B114, A272, LMC375 and Apo DPP9 are available (7AYR, 7AYQ, 7A3G, 7A3J, 7A3I, 7A3F) and development of 4-Oxo-beta-Lactams as novel inhibitors of Dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9 will be published soon by Fehr et al.

  • June 23, 2021:

    Crystal structure of human Monoacylglycerol Lipase ABHD6 in complex with oleic acid and octyl glucoside is available (7OTS) and will be published soon by Nawrotek et al. Low carbon footprint recycling of post-consumer PET plastic with a metagenomic polyester hydrolase is published by Sonnendecker et al. and structure of the polyester hydrolase Leipzig 7 is available (7NEI)

  • June 16, 2021:

    A reverse catalytic triad Asp containing loop shaping a wide substrate binding pocket of a feruloyl esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum is published by Zhang et al. and structure will be available soon (7EBO) Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition with Lu AG06466 (formerly known as ABX-1431) in Tourette Syndrome is published by Muller-Vahl et al. In plants, pathogen effector recognition-dependent association of NRG1 with EDS1 and SAG101 in TNL receptor immunity is published by Sun et al. NOTUM from Apc-mutant cells biases clonal competition to initiate cancer is published by Flanagan et al.

  • June 09, 2021:

    Fine-tuning the biological profile of multitarget mitochondriotropic antioxidants for neurodegenerative diseases is published by Chavarria et al. and structures of human butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in complex with one such compond are available (6ZWI, 6ZWE) The first structures of Bacillus licheniformis lipase BlEst2 in its propeptide and mature form revealing molecular details of inhibition by its C-terminal domains are available (6WPX, 6WPY) and will be published soon by Nakamura et al. A new family was extracted: (BlEst2-lipase-like) Noby et al. publish that structure and dynamics of a cold-active esterase reveals water entropy and active site accessibility as the likely drivers for cold-adaptation, and structure will be available soon (7B4Q) Structural and enzymatic characterization of an esterase from amazonian dark soil is published by Vinces et al. and structure is available (6EB3)

  • June 02, 2021:

    Polysaccharide utilization loci-driven enzyme discovery reveals BD-FAE: a bifunctional feruloyl and acetyl xylan esterase active on complex natural xylans as published by Hameleers et al. and structures are available (6TKX, 6XYC) Hybrid designing of potent inhibitors of Striga strigolactone receptor ShHTL7 will be published soon by Shahul Hammeed et al. and structure is vailable (7C8L) Structure elucidation and docking analysis of 5M mutant of T1 lipase Geobacillus zalihae is published by Ishak et al. and structure is available (7BUK) Diwo et al. published that NAD(H)-mediated tetramerization controls the activity of Legionella pneumophila phospholipase PlaB. Structures are available (6ZTH, 6ZTI). These are the first structures solved in this family.

  • May 26, 2021:

    Discovery of multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents with a unique mechanism of action including inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters is published by Pasieka et al. and structure of human-BCHE complexed with such a compound is available (7AMZ) Structural insights into a novel esterase from the East Pacific Rise and its improved thermostability by a semirational design are published by Zhu et al. and structure is available (7C4D) Crystal structure of a novel hydrolase from Burkholderiales bacterium is available (7CWQ) and will be published soon by Han et al. Crystal structure of a new triple mutant of Ideonella sakaiensis Poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolase PETase is available (7CY0) and will be published soon by Han et al. Structure of the complex: Human Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) - Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) is available (7JKQ) and is published by Sharif et al. (1) and Sharif et al. (2)

  • May 19, 2021:

    Roesler et al. published that Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 20 (AT5G62180-AtCXE20) binds strigolactone and increases branches and tillers when ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis and Maize. Amitai et al. published new non-quaternary oximes detoxifying nerve agents and reactivating nerve agent-inhibited human butyrylcholinesterase. Structure of S192A-ester-hydrolase EH3 from the metagenome of marine sediments at Milazzo Harbor (Sicily, Italy) complexed with methyl (2S)-2-Phenylpropanoate are availble (6SXY, 6SYA) and are published by Cea-Rama et al. showing residue swapping the substrate ambiguity and chiral specificity. The alpha-helical cap domain of a novel esterase from gut Alistipes shahii shaping the substrate-binding pocket is published by Wei et al. and structure will be available soon (7DQ9) Structure of the complex: Human Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) - Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) is available (7JN7) and is published by Sharif et al. Structure of Oligopeptidase B from S. proteamaculans with modified hinge region with spermine is available (7OB1) and will be published soon by Petrenko et al. Bowles et al. published Transition metal cation inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis esterase RV0045C and structures are available (6WYM, 6WYN) The promiscuous Dehalogenase activity of the Epoxide Hydrolase CorEH from Corynebacterium sp. C12 is described by Schuiten et al. and structure of CorEH will be available soon (7AC0)

  • May 05, 2021:

    Structure-Guided rational design of a Mono- and Diacylglycerol lipase from Aspergillus oryzae: A single residue mutant increases the hydrolysis ability is published by Lan et al. and structure is available (5XK2) Crystal structure of archeal Paleococcus ferrophilus monoacylglycerol lipase is available (6QE2) and is published by Labar et al. ABHD17 regulation of plasma membrane palmitoylation and N-Ras-dependent cancer growth is published by Remsberg et al.

  • April 28, 2021:

    Sustainable Drug Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease is published by Rossi et al. and structure of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with a tacrine-methylanacardate hybrid inhibitor is available (7BGC) Structural basis for substrate specificity of the peroxisomal acyl-CoA hydrolase MpaH' involved in mycophenolic acid biosynthesis is published by You et al. and structures of MpaH are available (7DBI, 7DBL) A review on bacterial RTX toxins and host immunity is published by Ahmad et al.: Autophagy is hijacked by the activity of the V. cholerae alpha/beta-hydrolase domain effector domain of the MARTX protein Small-molecule inhibitors of carboxylesterase Notum are published by Zhao et al.

  • April 21, 2021:

    Crystal structure of Renilla reniformis luciferase variant RLuc8-W121F/E144Q in complex with a coelenteramide (the postcatalytic enzyme-product complex) is available (6YN2) and will be published soon by Marek and Damborsky Another X-Ray structure of the Haloalkane dehalogenase HaloTag7 labeled with fluorophore substrates are available (6Y7A, 6Y7B, 6ZCC) and are published by Wilhelm et al. Chalhoub et al. published that that Carboxylesterase 2 (CES2/Ces2) members are highly efficient DG and MG hydrolases that may play an important role in liver and gut lipid signaling

  • April 14, 2021:

    Structural basis for substrate specificity of the peroxisomal acyl-CoA hydrolase MpaH' involved in mycophenolic acid biosynthesis is published by You et al. and structures of MpaH will be available soon (7DBI, 7DBL) Sustainable Drug Discovery of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease is published by Rossi et al. and structure of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with a tacrine-methylanacardate hybrid inhibitor will be available soon (7BGC)

  • April 07, 2021:

    Discovery of multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents with a unique mechanism of action including inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters is published by Pasieka et al. and structure of human-BCHE complexed with such a compound will be available soon (7AMZ) Serial femtosecond and serial synchrotron crystallography can yield data of equivalent quality: A systematic comparison is published by Mehrabi et al. and stuctures of Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase Rhodopseudomonas palustris are available (7A42, 7A43) Structure of T1 lipase mutant - 5M (D43E/T118N/E226D/E250L/N304E) of Geobacillus zalihae is available (7BUK) and will be published soon by Ishak et al. Structure of S192A-ester-hydrolase EH3 from the metagenome of marine sediments at Milazzo Harbor (Sicily, Italy) complexed with methyl (2S)-2-Phenylpropanoate are availble (6SXY, 6SYA) and will be published soon by Cea-Rama et al. ()-BIGI-3h: Pentatarget-Directed ligand combining Cholinesterase, Monoamine Oxidase, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3beta inhibition with Calcium Channel antagonism and antiaggregating properties for Alzheimer's disease is published by Ismaili et al.

  • March 31, 2021:

    Crystal Structure of Recombinant Human Acetylcholinesterase In Complex with GD (Soman) and HI-6 is available (6WVO) and published by McGuire et al. Structure of catalytically non active S532A mutant of oligopeptidase B from S. proteomaculans with modified hinge region is available (7NE5) and will be published soon by Petrenko et al. X-Ray structures of the Haloalkane dehalogenase HaloTag7 labeled with fluorophore substrates are available (6Y7A, 6Y7B) and will be published soon by Tarnawski et al. A new family of bacterial and fungi sequences was extracted (Abhydrolase_10) the name comes from the Pfam database. It is not the ABH10 family. None of the proteins have been characterized but they seem to have a conserved catalytic triad and should have enzymatic activity. A paper by Bayle et al. shows that carboxylesterase Notum is a druggable target to modulate Wnt signaling Mangiagalli et al. show that the activity and stability of a cold-active acylaminoacyl peptidase rely on its dimerization by domain swapping. Enhancing the stability of Geobacillus zalihae T1 lipase in organic solvents and insights into the structural stability of its variants is published by Maiangwa et al. Four new BCHE variants which seems to be associated with prolonged post suxamethonium apnoea: p.(Trp205Cys), p.(Leu222His), p.(Glu469Gln), and p.(Lys276Ter) are found by Millet et al.

  • March 24, 2021:

    DPP9 directly sequesters the NLRP1 C-terminus to repress inflammasome activation. This is published by Hollingsworth et al. and Cryo-EM structure of NLRP1-DPP9 complex are available (6X6A, 6X6C). Similar results are published by Huang et al. on rat DPP9. Structure is available (7CRW) Purification and crystallographic analysis of a novel cold-active esterase (HaEst1) from Halocynthiibacter arcticus is published by Jeon et al. A large-scale genome-lipid association map guides lipid identification is published by Linke et al. A structurally unique Fusobacterium nucleatum tannase provides detoxicant activity against gallotannins and pathogen resistance as is published by Mancheno et al. and structure is available (6YQ4) Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis puromycin hydrolase is published by Zhao et al.. It displays a prolyl oligopeptidase fold and an acyl aminopeptidase activity. Structure is available (7C72) Joviano-Santos et al. show that motoneuron-specific loss of VAChT mimics neuromuscular defects seen in Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome Crystal structure of mouse neuroligin-3 and in complex between mouse PTP delta are available (7CEE, 7CEG) and role of canonical versus non-canonical transsynaptic signaling of neuroligin 3 in tuning of development of sociality in mice is published by Yoshida et al. PTP delta competes with Neurexins binding on neuroligin3

  • March 17, 2021:

    Silman et al. publish that Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase is stabilized by binding of a divalent metal ion to a novel and versatile 4D motif and stuctures are available (7B38, 7B2W, 7B8E) Biochemical and structural characterization of two Cif-Like epoxide hydrolases from Burkholderia cenocepacia are published by Taher et al. and structures are available (7JQX, 7JQY, 7JQZ) Crystal structure of fungal tannase from Aspergillus niger is published by Dong et al. and structure is available (7K4O) The tetrameric structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DpaA from Paraglaciecola agarilytica NO2 is published by Mazur et al. and structure is available (7AVR) Yagishita-Kyo et al. publish that testosterone interrupts binding of Neurexin and Neuroligin that are expressed in a highly socialized rodent, Octodon degus. Dong et al. publish that the cutinase Bdo_10846 play an important role in the virulence of Botryosphaeria dothidea and in inducing the Wart Symptom on apple plant. Leth-Espensen et al. publish that the intrinsic instability of the hydrolase domain of lipoprotein lipase facilitates its inactivation by ANGPTL4-catalyzed unfolding

  • March 10, 2021:

    Silman et al. publish that Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase is stabilized by binding of a divalent metal ion to a novel and versatile 4D motif and stuctures will be available soon (7B38, 7B2W, 7B8E) Zao et al. published that Notum deacylates octanoylated ghrelin andadd Notum to the list of enzymes, including butylcholineasterase, that modulate the acylation state of ghrelin. Structure of the Notum-ghrelin complex is available (6ZYF) Structures of the carbohydrate binding module family 48 (CBM48) and carboxy-terminal carbohydrate esterase family 1 (CE1) domains of the multidomain esterase DmCE1B from Dysgonomonas mossii native or in complex with methyl ferulate are available (7B6B, 7B5V) and published by Kmezik et al. DPP9 directly sequesters the NLRP1 C-terminus to repress inflammasome activation. This is published as bioRiv by Hollingsworth et al. and Cryo-EM structure of NLRP1-DPP9 complex are available (6X6A, 6X6C) Marrero-Rosado et al. publish a novel genetically modified mouse model to assess soman-induced toxicity and medical countermeasure efficacy: Human acetylcholinesterase Knock-in serum carboxylesterase Knockout mice Synthesis and initial characterization of a reversible, selective (18)F-labeled radiotracer for human butyrylcholinesterase is published by Gentzsch et al. Fine-tuning the biological profile of multitarget mitochondriotropic antioxidants for neurodegenerative diseases is published by Chavarria et al. and structures of human butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in complex with one such compond will be available soon (6ZWI, 6ZWE) A review by Theodore A Alston reminds us of the contribution of Irwin B. Wilson and Richard J. Kitz to analysis of time-dependent enzyme inhibition and the origin of the 'Kitz-Wilson plot'

  • March 03, 2021:

    Zao et al. published that Notum deacylates octanoylated ghrelin andadd Notum to the list of enzymes, including butylcholineasterase, that modulate the acylation state of ghrelin. Structure of the Notum-ghrelin complex will be available soon (6ZYF) Synthesis and initial characterization of a selective, pseudo-irreversible inhibitor of Human Butyrylcholinesterase as PET tracer is published by Gentzsch et al. Production of Cross-Linked Lipase Crystals at a Preparative Scale is published by Fernandez-Penas et al. and structures are available (7APN, 7APP) Structure of E125A mutant of oligopeptidase B from S. proteomaculans with modified hinge region is available (7NE4) and will be published soon by Petrenko et al. Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel thermophilic esterase EstD11 provide catalytic insights for the HSL family is published by Miguel-Ruano et al. and structures are available (7ATD, 7ATF, 7AT2, 7AT3, 7AT4, 7AT0, 7ATQ, 7AV5, 7AUY, 7NB5) A review on regulators of cholinergic signaling in disorders of the central nervous system is published by Winek et al. and one on ligand design for human acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, extending beyond the conventional and canonical by Taylor et al. Ramesh et al. published that antagonistic interactions between two Neuroligins coordinate pre- and postsynaptic assembly

  • February 24, 2021:

    Structures of Bacteroides intestinalis feruloyl esterase, Bacint_01033 (6MOT, 6MOU), structure of Bacteroides intestinalis acetyl xylan esterase (BACINT_01039) (6NE9) and structure of bifunctional GH43-CE Bacteroides eggerthii, BACEGG_01304 (6MLY Only C-terminal esterase belongs to alpha/beta hydrolase family) are all available and published by Pereira et al. Crystal structure of mouse neuroligin-3 and in complex between mouse PTP delta are available (7CEE, 7CEG) and will be published soon by Yamagata et al. A review on non-neuronal role of acetylcholinesterase in bone development and degeneration is published by Luo et al.

  • February 17, 2021:

    Structural and biochemical insights into the inhibition of human Acetylcholinesterase by G-Series nerve agents and subsequent reactivation by HI-6 are published by McGuire et al., and structures are available (6WVP, 6WVQ, 6WUV, 6WUY, 6WUZ, 6WV1, 6WVC) A single second shell amino acid determines affinity and kinetics of linagliptin binding to type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is published by Schnapp et al. and structure of human FAPalpha in complex with linagliptin is available (6Y0F) Structure of oligopeptidase B from S. proteomaculans with modified hinge region in complex with N-[(1S)-5-amino-1-(chloroacetyl)pentyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide is available (7NE7) and will be published soon by Petrenko et al.

  • February 10, 2021:

    Crystal structure of fungal tannase from Aspergillus niger is published by Dong et al. and structure will be soon available (7K4O) A kinetic, biophysical and structural study of a thermophilic bacterial esterase for scavenging nerve agents is published by Bzdrenga et al. and structures of the enzyme inhibited by VX, Tabun, Sarin, Cyclosarin or Paraoxon are available (7BFN, 7BFO, 7BFT7BFU, 7BFV, 7BFR) Structural and biochemical insights into the inhibition of human Acetylcholinesterase by G-Series nerve agents and subsequent reactivation by HI-6 are published by McGuire et al., and structures will be available soon (6WVO, 6WVP, 6WVQ, 6WUV, 6WUY, 6WUZ, 6WV1, 6WVC) Interplay between hevin, SPARC, and MDGAs: modulators of neurexin-neuroligin transsynaptic bridges is published by Fan et al.

  • February 03, 2021:

    A kinetic, biophysical and structural study of a thermophilic bacterial esterase for scavenging nerve agents is published by Bzdrenga et al. and structures of the enzyme inhibited by VX, Tabun, Sarin, Cyclosarin or Paraoxon will be available soon (7BFN, 7BFO, 7BFT7BFU, 7BFV, 7BFR) Open and closed form of PET-degrading cutinase Cut190 with thermostability-improving mutations are published by Emori et al. and structures are available (7CTR, 7CTS) Characterization of a carboxylesterase with hyper-thermostability and alkali-stability from Streptomyces lividans TK24 is published by Chang et al.

  • January 27, 2021:

    Structural and biochemical characterization of a cold-active PMGL3 Esterase with unusual oligomeric structure is published by Boyko et al. and structure will be available soon (7B1X) Yao et al. publish that desmethyl butenolides are optimal ligands for karrikin receptor proteins Steffen et al. show that the gamma-protocadherins interact physically and functionally with neuroligin-2 to negatively regulate inhibitory synapse density and are required for normal social interaction Biochemical and structural characterization of two Cif-Like epoxide hydrolases from Burkholderia cenocepacia are published in a preprint by Taher et al. and structures will be available soon (7JQX, 7JQY, 7JQZ) Crystal structure of the engineered ancestor of haloalkane dehalogenases and Renilla luciferase (AncHLD-RLuc I161_F162PinsL) is available (6S6E) and will be published soon by Schenkmayerova et al. Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase variant DhaA115 domain-swapped dimer type-1 and 2 and variant DhaA177 domain-swapped dimer type-3 (6TY7, 6XT8, 6XTC) are also available and will be published soon by Markova et al Crystal structure and characterization of an acetyl xylan esterase from beaver gut metagenomics is available (6XYC) and will be published soon by Penttinen et al. The structure of thioesterase DcsB. A polyketide cyclase that forms emdium-ring lactones is published by Gao et al. and structures of Dscb native and with substrate analogue are available (7D78, 7D79) Resistance to pirimiphos-methyl in West African Anopheles is spreading via duplication and introgression of the Ace1 locus as published by Gau-Bove et al.

  • January 20, 2021:

    Structural insights into a novel esterase from the East Pacific Rise and its improved thermostability by a semirational design are published by Zhu et al. and structure will be available soon (7C4D) Tuning the properties of natural promiscuous enzymes by engineering their nano-environment is published by Giunta et al. and structure of ester-hydrolase EH3 from the metagenome of marine sediments at Milazzo harbor (Sicily, Italy) native and complexed with with a derivative of butyl 4-nitrophenyl hexyl phosphonate are available (6SXP, 6YL) A new crystal Structure of Putative non-heme bromoperoxidase BpoC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is available (7LD8) and will be published soon by DeBouver et al.

  • January 13, 2021:

    LIPE-related lipodystrophic syndrome: clinical features and disease modeling using adipose stem cells are published by Sollier et al. Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis puromycin hydrolase is published by Zhao et al.. It displays a prolyl oligopeptidase fold and an acyl aminopeptidase activity. Structure will be available soon (7C72) Prof Palmer Taylor published an important review on studies of acetylcholinesterase and the nicotinic cholinergic receptor in the theme isssue 'Old and New Toxicology: Interfaces with Pharmacology' Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Crystal structures of DPP8 in complex with the EIL peptide (SLRFLFEGQRIADNH) and 1G244 are available (6TRW, 6TRX) and will be soon published by Ross et al. The Crystal Structure of Leaf-branch compost cutinase from Biortus is availble (7DS7) and will be published soon by Wang et al. A structurally unique Fusobacterium nucleatum tannase provides detoxicant activity against gallotannins and pathogen resistance as is published by Mancheno et al. and structure will be available soon (6YQ4)

  • January 06, 2021:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. Description of Transport Tunnel in Haloalkane Dehalogenase Variant LinB D147C+L177C from Sphingobium japonicum is published by Iermak et al. and structure is available (6S06) Vignaux et al. show that the antiviral drug Tilorone is a potent and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Structural modeling of wild and mutant forms of human plasma platelet activating factor-Acetyl hydrolase enzyme are published by Khan et al. A review on Hormone-sensitive lipase is published by Recazens et al.

  • December 30, 2020:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. Crystal structures of a novel family IV esterase in free and substrate-bound form are published by Hoppner et al. and structures are available (6Z69, 6Z68) Discovery of a potent dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with antioxidant activity that alleviates Alzheimer-like pathology in old APP/PS1 Mice is published by Viayna et al. and structures will be available soon (7AIT, 7AIS, 7AIU, 7AIV, 7AIW, 7AIX) Pathogenic paternally inherited NLGN4X deletion in a female with autism spectrum disorder is published by Kopp et al. Sub-functionalization of the two KAI2 versions in the model legume Lotus japonicus is published by Carbonnel et al.

  • December 23, 2020:

    Crystal and solution structure of NDRG1, a membrane-binding protein linked to myelination and tumour suppression is published by Mustonen et al. and structure is available (6ZMM) Taenia larvae possess distinct acetylcholinesterase profiles with implications for host cholinergic signalling as shown by de Lange et al. Open and closed form of PET-degrading cutinase Cut190 with thermostability-improving mutations are published by Emori et al. and structures will be available soon (7CTR, 7CTS) Crystal structures of a novel family IV esterase in free and substrate-bound form are published by Hoppner et al. and structures will be available soon (6Z69, 6Z68) Epoxide hydrolase 3 (Ephx3) gene disruption reduces ceramide linoleate epoxide hydrolysis and impairs skin barrier function, as published by Edin et al. The first case of Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome caused by a large homozygous deletion in the C-Terminal region of COLQ (Collagen Like Tail Subunit of Asymmetric Acetylcholinesterase) protein is published by Laforgia et al. Two papers on an enzyme involved in pyrethroid metabolism in Plutella xylostella (L.) are published by Yifan Li et al. and Ran Li et al.

  • December 16, 2020:

    Crystal and solution structure of NDRG1, a membrane-binding protein linked to myelination and tumour suppression is published by Mustonen et al. and structure will be available soon (6ZMM) Yasutake et al. show that bacterial triacylglycerol lipase is a potential cholesterol esterase: Identification of a key determinant for sterol-binding specificity. and structures are available (7COF, 7COG) An important review on the multiple biological roles of the cholinesterases is published by Prof. Israel Silman Nearly perfect kinetic resolution of racemic o-nitrostyrene oxide by AuEH2, a microsomal epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus usamii, with high enantio- and regio-selectivity is published by Hu et al. and structure is available (6IX4)

  • December 09, 2020:

    A new family was extracted (Dieckmann_Cyclase) A conserved thioesterase-like scaffold has been adapted to perform a new chemical reaction: heterocyclization (Gui et al.). The catalytic triad for the cyclization reaction consists of Cys89, Asp116, and His254 in 9pseu-NcmC. Structures (6E6T, 6E6U, 6E6Y) are pulished by Cogan et al. Cast et al. describe an autism-associated mutation which impairs Neuroligin-4 Glycosylation and enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in human neurons Yasutake et al. show that bacterial triacylglycerol lipase is a potential cholesterol esterase: Identification of a key determinant for sterol-binding specificity. and structures will be available soon (7COF, 7COG)

  • November 25, 2020:

    On November 19th Pr Zoran Radic organized a live online session on Structure of Cholinesterases, as one of sessions of the 2nd International Online Conference on Crystals. (Crystals2020).It was really a success with at least 35 participants and 6 talks. New results were disclosed and new ideas emerged. See the Flyer with program (Flyer) Structure of oligopeptidase B from S. proteomaculans with modified hinge region is available (7OB1 7OB1 replaced 6TF5) and will be published soon by Petrenko et al. Lin et al. published that a novel structure associated with aging is augmented in the DPP6-KO mouse brain

  • November 18, 2020:

    Decoding the intricate network of molecular interactions of a hyperstable engineered biocatalyst haloalkane dehalogenase is published by Markova et al. and structures are available (6SP5, 6SP8) Structures of hyperstable ancestral haloalkane dehalogenases show restricted conformational dynamics as published by Babkova et al. and structure are available (6Y9E, 6Y9F, 6Y9G). Adipose ABHD6 regulates tolerance to cold and thermogenic programs as published by Poursharifi et al.

  • November 11, 2020:

    Mahy et al. published that 5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones are potent inhibitors of Notum carboxylesterase activity identified by the optimization of a crystallographic fragment screening hit. Strutures of the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with fragment 286 (Compound 7, 4F-329S) and with the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with fragment 286 (Compound 7, 4F-329S) are available (6ZUV, 6ZVL) A review on: Comparative mapping of selected structural determinants on the extracellular domains of cholinesterase-like cell-adhesion molecules is published by Comoletti et al.

  • November 04, 2020:

    On November 19th Pr Zoran Radic is organizing live online session on Structure of Cholinesterases, as one of sessions of the 2nd International Online Conference on Crystals. (Crystals2020). A short video: (Invitation). Flyer with program and procedure (Flyer) Mahy et al. published that 5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones are potent inhibitors of Notum carboxylesterase activity identified by the optimization of a crystallographic fragment screening hit. Stutures of the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with fragment 286 (Compound 7, 4F-329S) and with the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with fragment 286 (Compound 7, 4F-329S) will be available soon (6ZUV, 6ZVL) Structure of Penicillium roqueforti (strain FM164) Lipase, class 3 is available (6L7N) and will be published soon by Wang et al. Characterization and structural analysis of a thermostable zearalenone-degrading enzyme will be published soon by Wei et al. and strucure is available (6L7M)

  • October 28, 2020:

    Structure of a methylesterases essential for pectin rhamnogalacturonan II metabolism from the gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is available (6GOC) and published by Duan et al. Caffeine inhibits Notum activity by binding at the catalytic pocket is published by Zhao et al. and structures of Theophylline-Notum complex and Caffeine-Notum complex are available (6TUZ, 6TV4) Structure-activity relationship study of tryptophan-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors is published by Meden et al. and structure of BChE inhibited by compound 18is available (6XTA) Neuroligin-1 expression is required for the soluble neurexin-1beta ectodomain triggering of acute Ca2+-influx at the dendritic/postsynaptic side as published by Wierda et al.

  • October 21, 2020:

    Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of dual inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase and 5-lipoxygenase are published by Hiesinger et al. and structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with 3-((R)-3-(1-hydroxyureido)but-1-yn-1-yl)-N-((S)-3-phenyl-3-(4-trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propyl)benzamide is available (6YL4) Overexpressed Gliotactin activates BMP signaling through interfering with the Tkv-Dad association is published by Sharifkhodaei et Auld Stabilizing AqdC, a Pseudomonas quinolone signal-cleaving dioxygenase from Mycobacteria, by FRESCO-based protein engineering is published by Wullich et al. A clinical trial to test the efficacy of pyridostigmine bromide at low doses to reduce mortality or invasive mechanical ventilation in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is underway Fragoso-Saavedra et al.

  • October 19, 2020:

    Structures of a plastic degrading enzyme MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensisle are available (6QZ1, 6QZ2, 6QZ3, 6QZ4) and are published by Knott et al. Characterization and crystal structure of prolyl endopeptidase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) are published by Li et al. and structure is available (6JYM) Crystal structures of PET-degrading cutinase Cut190 /S226P/R228S/ mutant with the C-terminal three residues deletion and Cut190 S176A/S226P/R228S/ mutant with the C-terminal three residues deletion in ligand ejecting form are available (7CEF, 7CEH) and are published by Senga et al.. Structural bioinformatics-based protein engineering of thermo-stable PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis is published by Son et al. and structure is available (6KUO)

  • October 14, 2020:

    A single second shell amino acid determines affinity and kinetics of linagliptin binding to type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is published by Schnapp et al. and structure of human FAPalpha in complex with linagliptin will be available soon (6Y0F) Rapid discovery of a selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor using structure-based virtual screening is published by Miles et al. Characterization of four BCHE mutations associated with prolonged effect of suxamethonium is published by Brazzolotto et al. An update on C-547 a slow-binding reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase with long-lasting action for prophylaxis of organophosphate poisoning is published by Lenina et al. The crystal structures of Thermomyces (Humicola) lanuginosa lipase in complex with enzymatic reactants are published by McPherson et al. and are available (6XOK, 6XRV, 6XS3) Crystal structure of the hypothetical protein PA1622 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is available (7AL6) and will be published soon by Feiler et al. Physical mechanisms governing substituent effects on arene-arene interactions in a protein milieu is published by Andersson et al. and Mus musculus Acetylcholinesterase in complex with N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-1-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methanesulfonamide is available (6TD2)

  • October 07, 2020:

    Streptomyces ambofaciens of wild type Alp1U and Y247F W187F/Y247F mutants (CFTR-inhibitory-factor_Cif like) in complex with Fluostatin C and intermediate (soaked fluostatin C for 6 hours) are available (6KXXR, 6KXH, 7CLZ) and are published by Zhang et al. Crystal structure of Epoxide Hydrolase A from Mycobacterium thermoresistibile is available (5CW2) and is published by Schulz et al.

  • September 30, 2020:

    Structures of a plastic degrading enzyme MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensisle are available (6QZ1, 6QZ2, 6QZ3, 6QZ4) and will be published soon by Allen et al. Structures of DDP8 and DPP9 bound to a dipeptide (MP) from the N-terminus of BRCA2 are available (6QZV; 6QZW) and will be published soon by Ross et al. Crystal structure of HaloTag bound to tetramethylrhodamine-HaloTag ligand is available (6U32) and will be published soon by Berro et al. Crystal structure of a HaloTag-based calcium indicator, HaloCaMP V2, bound to JF635 is available (6U2M) and will be published soon by Deo et al. Crystal structures of a biodegradable plastic-degrading cutinase from Paraphoma sp. B47-9 and solved by getting the phase from uncovalently coordinated arsenic (cacodylate) are available (7CY3, 7CY9) and will be published soon by Suzuki et al.. PACCT 3 : Pairwise Alpha Carbon Comparison Tool for comparison of liganded with Apo- globular protein 3D structures (primarely of alpha/beta hydrolase fold) is already available as a third update at zenodo.org PACCT 3

  • September 23, 2020:

    Structural and mechanistic basis of capsule O-acetylation in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A are published by Fiebig et al. and structures are available (6YUO, 6YUS, 6YUV, 6YUQ) Crystal strcuture of PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis redesigned for plasticbiodegradation by GRAPE strategy is available (6KY5) and will be published soon by Cui et al. A preprint is available at Biorxiv Cui et al. Cui 2 et al.

  • September 16, 2020:

    Structure of an epoxide hydrolase from endophytic Streptomyces with unique structural features and wide biocatalytic activity is published by Tormet-Gonzalez et al. and structure is available (6UNW) Structural basis for the inhibitor and substrate specificity of the unique Fph serine hydrolases of Staphylococcus aureus is published by Fellner et al. and structures of FphF (apo and with inhibitors are available (6VH9, 6VHD, 6VHE, 6WCX) Screening of a custom-designed acid fragment library identifying 1-phenylpyrroles and 1-phenylpyrrolidines as inhibitors of Notum carboxylesterase activity is published by Mahy et al. and structures are available (6YV4, 6YUW, 6YUY, 6YV0, 6YV2, 6YXI, 6YSK) Crystal structure of a biodegradable plastic-degrading cutinase-like enzyme from the phyllosphere yeast, Pseudozyma antarctica, solved by getting the phase from anomalous scattering of uncovalently coordinated arsenic (cacodylate) is available (7CW1) and will be published soon by Suzuki et al. Multiscale computation of organophosphorus reactivity and stereoselectivity of immunoglobulin scavengersA17 Ig-paraoxonase (WTIgP) is published by Mokrushina et al. Streptomyces ambofaciens of wild type Alp1U and Y247F mutant (CFTR-inhibitory-factor_Cif like) in complex with Fluostatin C and intermediate (soaked fluostatin C for 6 hours) are available (6KXR, 6KXH) and will be published soon by Zhang et al. Platsaki et al. published that the Ig-like domain of Punctin/MADD-4 is the primary determinant for interaction with the ectodomain of neuroligin NLG-1 Ramachandran et al. published that FSH1 encodes lysophospholipase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae McClafferty et al. published that site specific deacylation by ABHD17a controls BK channel splice variant activity

  • September 09, 2020:

    Structure-activity relationship study of tryptophan-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors is published by Meden et al. and structure of BChE inhibited by compound 18 will be avalable soon (6XTA)

  • September 02, 2020:

    Crystal strcutures of PETase mutants from Ideonella sakaiensis are available (6KUQ, 6KUS, 6KUO) and will be published soon by Joo et al. Structural basis for the inhibitor and substrate specificity of the unique Fph serine hydrolases of Staphylococcus aureus is published by Fellner et al. and structures of FphF (apo and with inhibitors will be available soon (6VH9, 6VHD, 6VHE) Structure of an epoxide hydrolase from endophytic Streptomyces with unique structural features and wide biocatalytic activity is published by Tormet-Gonzalez et al. and structure will be available soon (6UNW)

  • August 26, 2020:

    Structural and biophysical analyses of human N-Myc Downstream-regulated gene 3 (NDRG3) protein are published by Kim et al. and structures are available soon (6L4B, 6L4G, 6L4H) Structure of fragment transplantation onto a hyperstable ancestor of haloalkane dehalogenases and Renilla luciferase (Anc-FT) is available (6S97) and will be published soon by Schenkmayerova et al. Crystal structures of PET-degrading cutinase Cut190 /S226P/R228S/ mutant with the C-terminal three residues deletion and Cut190 S176A/S226P/R228S/ mutant with the C-terminal three residues deletion in ligand ejecting form are available (7CEF, 7CEH) and will be published soon by Senga et al. Carbonnel et al. published the role of KAI2 with MAX2 on SMAX1 degradation suppressing ethylene biosynthesis and root hai development. Wang et al. published:miR-4454 up-regulated by HPV16 E6/E7 promotes invasion and migration by targeting ABHD2/NUDT21 in cervical cancer ABHD6 and ABHD12 as novel players in human placenta are published by Maia et al. Circular RNA cMras Suppresses the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Through ABHD5/ATGL Axis Using NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.is published by Zhou et al.

  • August 19, 2020:

    Screening of a custom-designed acid fragment library identifying 1-phenylpyrroles and 1-phenylpyrrolidines as inhibitors of Notum carboxylesterase activity is published by Mahy et al. and structures are available (6YV4, 6YUW, 6YUY, 6YV0, 6YV2, 6YXI)

  • August 05, 2020:

    Liu et al. published that: ABHD11 is critical for embryonic stem cell expansion, differentiation and lipid metabolic homeostasis

  • July 29, 2020:

    Crystal Structure of Recombinant Human Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by A-232 in Complex with the Reactivator, HI-6 is available (6NTM) and will be published soon by Bestler et al.. Structure of Esterase EST8 with transacylase activity (different from Est8 4YPV) is available (6Y9K) and published by Muller et al.

  • July 22, 2020:

    Closed, blocked, and open states of lysophospholipase from type II Cutibacterium acnes are available (6KHK, 6KHL, 6KHM) and published by Kim et al. Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DbeA-M1 loop variant from Bradyrhizobium elkanii is available (6XY9) and published by Marek et al. Few structures of Mycoestrogen-Detoxifying Lactonase from Rhinocladiella mackenziei and Bionectria ochroleuca had been omitted and are now included (e.g.5XO6, 5C7Y) A Novel alpha/beta Hydrolase Domain Protein derived From Haemonchus contortus acts at the parasite-host interface and is published by Lu et al.

  • July 15, 2020:

    Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase LinB D147C+L177C mutant (LinB73) from Sphingobium japonicum UT26 is available (6S06) and will be published soon by Iermak et al. The bottromycin epimerase BotH defines a group of atypical alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold enzymes as published by Sikandar et al. and structures are available (6T6H, 6T70, 6T6X, 6T6Y, 6T6Z) a new sub family was extracted (BotH) Structures of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with oxime III, methylimidazole derivative of 2-hydroxyimino-N-(azidophenylpropyl)acetamide are published by Marakovic et al. and are available (6T9S, 6T9P) Structure of a biodegradable plastic-degrading cutinase-like enzyme from the phyllosphere yeast Pseudozyma antarctica is available (7CC4) and will be published soon by Suzuki et al.

  • July 11, 2020:

    Functional and structural insights into environmental adaptation of a novel Hormone-sensitive lipase, E53, obtained from Erythrobacter longus will be published soon by Xiaochen et al. and structures of wild type enzyme and mutants are available (6KEU, 6KF1, 6KF5, 6KF7) Crystal structure of C173S mutation in the PGML2 esterase from permafrost metagenomic library is available (6ZL7) and will be published soon by Goryaynova et al. Structures of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with oxime III, methylimidazole derivative of 2-hydroxyimino-N-(azidophenylpropyl)acetamide are published by Marakovic et al. and will be available soon (6T9S, 6T9P) Abnormal social interactions in a Drosophila mutant of an autism candidate Gene: Neuroligin 3, is published by Yost et al.

  • July 02, 2020:

    Crystal structure of resurrected ancestral hydroxynitrile lyase from flowering plants is available (5TDX) and is published by Jones et al. The bottromycin epimerase BotH defines a group of atypical alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold enzymes as published by Sikandar et al. and structures will be available soon (6T6H) Insights into inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase by Novichok, A-series Nerve Agents will be published soon by Height et al. and structures of human ACHE inhibited by A230, A232, A234 are available (6NTH, 6NTG, 6NTK, 6NTL, 6NTN, 6NTO) Effect of Cysteine residue substitution in the GCSAG motif of the PMGL2 esterase active site on the enzyme properties is published by Kryukova et al. Targeting organophosphorus compounds poisoning by novel quinuclidine-3 oximes: development of butyrylcholinesterase-based bioscavengers is published by Zandona et al.

  • June 24, 2020:

    A hydrolase-catalyzed cyclization forms the fused bicyclic beta-Lactone in Vibralactone is published by Feng et al. and structure of Vibralactone Cyclase (6KD0) is available. Structure of GrgF chain-fusing Polyketide Gregatin A is published by Wang et al. and is available (6LZH). Structures of hyperstable ancestral haloalkane dehalogenases show restricted conformational dynamics as published by Babkova et al. and structures will be available soon (6Y9E, 6Y9F, 6Y9G). Orthorhombic crystal form of Striga hermonthica Dwarf14 (ShD14) is available (6XFO) and will be puplished soon by Hamiaux et al. Haloalkane dehalogenase from compost bacterium Saccharomonospora viridis DSM 43017 with unusual catalytic residues, unique S-enantiopreference and high thermostability is published by Chmelova et al.

  • June 17, 2020:

    Crystal Structure of human Lysosomal Acid Lipase and its Implications in Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease (CESD) is published by Rajamohan et al. and structure (6V7N) is available.

  • June 10, 2020:

    Chiral separation, X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a potent and reversible dual binding site AChE inhibitor are published by Catto et al. and structure (6TT0) is available Structure of Est8 the first member of the family of bacterial hormone-sensitive lipases (bHSLs) for which promiscuous acyltransferase activity in water has been reported is published by Muller et al. and structure will be available soon (6Y9K) (different from Est8 4YPV)

  • June 03, 2020:

    Structure of Rasamsonia emersonii CBS 393.64 lipase (ReLip) with methanol tolerance and preference for Macaw Palm Oil Is published by Rade et al. and is available (6UNV) Structure of Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4 Lipase DphMB1 is available (6K34) and will be published soon by Fan et al. Crystal Structure of human Lysosomal Acid Lipase and its Implications in Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease (CESD) is published by Rajamohan et al. and structure (6V7N) will be available soon. The curly coat phenotype of the Ural Rex feline breed associated with a mutation in the lipase H gene is published by Manakhov et al.

  • May 27, 2020:

    Structure of Rasamsonia emersonii CBS 393.64 lipase (ReLip) with methanol tolerance and preference for Macaw Palm Oil Is published by Rade et al. and will be available soon (6UNV) New mutation responsible for clinical cases of Cholesteryl ester storage disease are descibed by Rashu et al. Propoxur resistance associated with insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) is published by You et al. Positron emission tomography evaluation of oxime countermeasures in live rats using the tracer O-(2-[18 F]fluoroethyl)-O-(p-nitrophenyl)methylphosphonate [18 F]-VXS is published by Hayes et al. Chiral separation, X-ray structure, and biological evaluation of a potent and reversible dual binding site AChE inhibitor are published by Catto et al. and structure (6TT0) will be available soon

  • May 20, 2020:

    Structure of an acyl intermediate of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase with palmitic acid in an orthorhombic crystal is available (6OR3) and will be published soon by McPherson et al. Principles of lipid-enzyme interactions in the limbus region of the catalytic site of Candida antarctica Lipase B are published by Silvestrini et al. and structure of Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) inhibited by paroxon and in complex with substrate tributyrin is available (6TP8). Structure of selenomethionine derivative of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) is available (6Y8G) and published by von Stetten et al.

  • May 13, 2020:

    Principles of lipid-enzyme interactions in the limbus region of the catalytic site of Candida antarctica Lipase B are published by Silvestrini et al. and structure of Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) inhibited by paroxon and in complex with substrate tributyrin (6TP8) will be available soon. Bassendine et al. published: Covid-19 and co-morbidities: a role for Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) in disease severity? Structures of the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with a pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid fragments 454 and 471 or with pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid fragment 587 and 598(6YV4, 6YUW, 6YUY, 6YV0, 6YV2) are available and will be published soon by Hillier et al.

  • May 06, 2020:

    Structure of Streptomyces parvulus thioesterase type II BorB from the borrelidin biosynthetic gene cluster is published by Curran et al. and structure is available (6VAP) Structures of the Wnt deacylase Notum in complex with a pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid fragment 454 and 471 (6YV4, 6YUW, 6YUY) are available and will be published soon by Hillier et al. Jun et al. published that ABHD12 knockdown suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

  • April 29, 2020:

    The structure of helical lipoprotein lipase revealing an unexpected twist in lipase storage is published by Gunn et al. and Cryo-EM Structure of Helical Lipoprotein Lipase is available (6U7M) Crystal structure of Prolyl Endopeptidase from Haliotis discus hannai is available (6JYM) and will be published soon by Li et al. N-alkylpiperidine carbamates as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents are published by Kosak et al. and structure of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden2-yl)piperidin-3-yl N-phenyl carbamate (6SAM) is available. Structural and kinetic evidence of aging after organophosphate inhibition of human Cathepsin A is published by Bouknight et al. and structure is available (6WIA) Sharna et al. show that mutations (R451C_mouse-3neur) altered caecal neuroimmune interactions in the neuroligin-3 (R451C) mouse model of autism Dufort-Gervais et al. show that Neuroligin-1 is altered in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients and mouse models, and modulates the toxicity of amyloid-beta oligomers

  • April 22, 2020:

    Structural and kinetic evidence of aging after organophosphate inhibition of human Cathepsin A is published by Bouknight et al. and structure will be available (6WIA) The crystal structure of a feruloyl esterase C from Fusarium oxysporum is available (6FAT) and published by Dimarogona et al. N-alkylpiperidine carbamates as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents are published by Kosak et al. and structure of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden2-yl)piperidin-3-yl N-phenyl carbamate (6SAM) will be available soon. High resolution crystal structure of Leaf-branch cutinase are available (6THS, 6THT) and a paper on engineered PET depolymerase to break down and recycle plastic bottles is published by Tournier et al. Structure of extracellular alpha/beta-hydrolase from Paenibacillus species that shares structural and functional homology to Tobacco Salicylic Acid Binding Protein 2 is published by Wilkinson et al. and is available (6TJ2) Crystal structures of a novel pyrethroid hydrolase from Sphingobium faniae JZ-2 are available (5Y57, 5Y51, 5Y5V, 5Y5R) and published by Xu et al. Soluble epoxide hydrolase is an endogenous regulator of obesity-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation as described by Wang et al.

  • April 15, 2020:

    Crystal structures of MHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis are available (6JTT, 6JTU) and will be soon published by Sagong et al. Structure of BioJ, a unique gatekeeper in bacterial biotin synthesis is published by Wei et al. and structure is available (6K1T) High resolution crystal structure of a Leaf-branch compost cutinase quintuple variant, an efficient PET-depolymerizing enzyme is available (6THT) and will be published soon by Tournier et al. Structure of GrgF chain-fusing Polyketide Gregatin A is published by Wang et al. and will be available soon (6LZH). Proline 285 is integral for the reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited human butyrylcholinesterase by 2-PAM as published by diTargiani et al. Tedla et al. published that vaccination with Schistosoma mansoni cholinesterases reduces the parasite burden and egg viability in a mouse model of schistosomiasis Structure of Streptomyces parvulus thioesterase type II BorB from the borrelidin biosynthetic gene cluster is published by Curran et al. and structure will be available soon (6VAP)

  • April 08, 2020:

    Crystal structures of the mycoestrogen-detoxifying lactonase ZHD from Clonostachys rosea mutants and complex with substrates products from Clonostachys rosea are available (6JQZ, 6JR2, 6JR5, 6JR9, 6JRA, 6JRB, 6JRC, 6JRD) and are published by Zhou et al.. It shows that Trp183 is essential for ZHD detoxifying zearalenone and zearalenols Crystal structures of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus lipase complex with the anti-obesity drug orlistat are published by Kitadokoro et al. and are available (6KSI, 6KSL, 6KSM). Sequence-Based Prediction of Promiscuous Acyltransferase Activity in Hydrolases is published by Muller et al.

  • April 01, 2020:

    Design of dual inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase and LTA4 hydrolase is published by Hiesinger et al. Deletion and randomization of structurally variable regions in B. subtilis lipase A (BSLA) alter its stability and hydrolytic performance against long chain fatty acid esters is published by Martinez et al. The G119S ace-1 mutation confers adaptive organophosphate resistance in a non-target amphipod ACHE is published by Major et al. Crystal structures of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus lipase complex with the anti-obesity drug orlistat are published by Kitadokoro et al. and will soon be available (6KSI, 6KSL, 6KSM). Structure of extracellular alpha/beta-hydrolase from Paenibacillus species that shares structural and functional homology to Tobacco Salicylic Acid Binding Protein 2 is published by Wilkinson et al. and will soon be available (6TJ2)

  • March 25, 2020:

    In these times of international uncertainty and uncomfortable situation due to Covid-19, the ESTHER team wishes each and all of you all the best. Please take care of you, yours, and all others around. Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26 (human-DPP4) is published by Vankadari et al.

  • March 18, 2020:

    The structural basis of fungal glucuronoyl esterase activity on natural substrates (cerui-gce) is published by Ernst et al. and structures are available (6RTV, 6RU2, 6RU1, 6RV7, 6RV9, 6RV8) A second look at the crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster Acetylcholinesterase in complex with tacrine derivatives providing insights concerning catalytic intermediates and the design of specific insecticides is published by Nachon et al. and structures (6XYS, 6XYU, 6XYY) are available. The grease trap: Uncovering the mechanism of the hydrophobic lid in Cutibacterium acnes lipase is published by Kim et al. and structures will be available soon (6KHK, 6KHL, 6KHM)

  • March 11, 2020:

    We are sorry to pass on to you a sad news. We recently learned that Charles B. Millard passed away A second look at the crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster Acetylcholinesterase in complex with tacrine derivatives providing insights concerning catalytic intermediates and the design of specific insecticides is published by Nachon et al. and structures (6XYS, 6XYU, 6XYY) will be available soon. Sun et al. published that divergent receptor proteins confer responses to different karrikins in two ephemeral weeds. Longaretti et al. showed that Termination of acute stress response by the endocannabinoid system is regulated through LSD1-mediated transcriptional repression of 2-AG hydrolases ABHD6 and MAGL.

  • March 04, 2020:

    Structure of MytA, a major mycoloyltransferase of Corynebacterium glutamicum, displaying an N-terminal domain with esterase activity and a C-terminal extension containing a conserved repeated LGFP sequence motif of unknown function is published by Dietrich et al. and structure is available (6SX4) Structural basis of cycloaddition in biosynthesis of iboga and aspidosperma alkaloids is published by Caputi et al. and structures of catharanthine synthase tabersonine synthase and coronaridine synthase are available (6RJ8, 6RS4, 6RT8) Enzymatic decontamination of paraoxon-ethyl limits long-term effects in planarians is published by Poirier et al. The naturally-occurring organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Anatoxin-a(S) is renamed Guanitoxin in order to avoid confusion with the similarly named anatoxin-a which is a nicotinc receptor ligand Fiore et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of brain penetrating morpholine-3-hydroxy-2-pyridine oxime as an antidote for nerve agent poisoning is published by Zorbaz et al.

  • February 26, 2020:

    Structure of MytA, a major mycoloyltransferase of Corynebacterium glutamicum, displaying an N-terminal domain with esterase activity and a C-terminal extension containing a conserved repeated LGFP sequence motif of unknown function is published by Dietrich et al. and structure will be available soon (6SX4) Structures of Polyester hydrolase PE-H of Pseudomonas aestusnigri are available (6SBN, 6SCD) and are published by Bollinger et al. Crystal structures of DAD2 N242I and D166A mutant are available (6UH8, 6UH9) and published by Lee et al. The structural basis of fungal glucuronoyl esterase activity on natural substrates (cerui-gce) is published by Ernst et al. and structures will be available soon (6RTV, 6RU2, 6RU1, 6RV7, 6RV9, 6RV8) Definition of an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold subfamily comprising Pseudomonas quinolone signal cleaving dioxygenases (HOD-cofactorfree-dioxygenase) is published by Wullich et al.

  • February 19, 2020:

    A Conserved Carboxylesterase (tobac-a0a1s3yph0) Inhibits Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants (Guo et al.).

  • February 12, 2020:

    The structure of human thyroglobulin is published by Coscia et al. and structure is available 6SCJ Rational design, synthesis and evaluation of uncharged, 'smart' bis-oxime antidotes of organophosphate-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase are published by Gorecki et al. and structures of native or VX-phosphonylated hAChE with oxime reactivator RS194B and of hAChE with oxime reactivator LG-703 (6U34, 6U37, 6U3P) are available Unfolding of monomeric lipoprotein lipase by ANGPTL4: Insight into the regulation of plasma triglyceride metabolism is published by Kristensen et al. Conditional requirement of SglT for type IV pili function and S-motility in Myxococcus xanthus is published by Troselj et al.. SglT, MXAN_3284 is an alpha/beta hydrolase Novel cold-active and halotolerant monoacylglycerol lipase is published by Li et al.

  • February 05, 2020:

    Crystal structure of Haliotis discus hannai Prolyl Endopeptidase with SUAM-14746 is available (6JCI) and will be published soon by Li et al. Crystal structure of Paleococcus ferrophilus monoacylglycerol lipase is available (6QE2) and will be published soon by Labar et al. Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of a Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA94 haloalkane dehalogenase variant with an eliminated halide-binding site (double mutant Ile44Leu+Gln102His) are published by Pudnikova et al. and structure will is available (6S42). Crystal structure of PMGL2 esterase from the hormone-sensitive lipase family with GCSAG motif around the catalytic serine are available (6QIN, 6QLA) and published by Boyko et al.

  • January 29, 2020:

    Shan et al. identified a nonsense mutation in the bovine ABHD16B associated with male subfertility in Holstein cattle. ABHD16B is involved in lipid biosynthesis in testis and is crucial for fertilization. There are two genes ABHD16 A and B in amniotes, but ABHD16B is absent in species with external fertilization (fish, frogs...) see family ABHD16. Yoo et al. describe the antimalarial natural product Salinipostin A which identifies essential alpha/beta serine hydrolases involved in lipid metabolism in P. falciparum parasites. Molecular dynamics assisted mechanistic insight of Val430-Ala mutation of Rv1592c protein in isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is published by Kumar et al. Aberrant mPFC GABAergic synaptic transmission and fear behavior in neuroligin-2 R215H knock-in mice are published by Chen et al. Identification and functional characterization of a novel heterozygous missense variant in the LPL associated with recurrent hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is published by Shi et al.

  • January 22, 2020:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. The XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms in Rehovot, Israel was a real success! A photo gallery is available on the Web Site and also in ESTHER at the meeting page Meetings specifically on the XVI-ISCM at XVI-ISCM pictures (use the forward and reverse tag to browse pages) A paper by Cao et al. shows that ABHD10 is an S-depalmitoylase affecting redox homeostasis through peroxiredoxin-5. The structure of mouse ABHD10 (6NY9) is available. It is the first structure of a protein of this family (ABHD10) and the paper demonstrate the first endogenous substrate of this family. Development of potent reversible selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase as fluorescent probes is published by Pajk et al. and structures are available (6R6V, 6R6W, 6RUA) Structures of Bacillus licheniformis lipases Lip_vut1 Lip_vut4 and Lip_vut5 from Goat Rumen metagenome are available (6NKC, 6NKF, 6NKG) and will be published soon by Kim et al. A paper by Gorecki et al. show that cysteine-targeted insecticides against A. gambiae acetylcholinesterase are neither selective nor reversible inhibitors A paper by Woida et al. shows that the Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin silences the inflammatory response to cytoskeletal damage before inducing actin cytoskeleton collapse and that the alpha/beta hydrolase domain of this large protein. (vibch-rtxAABH) is involved in this process.

  • January 14, 2020:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. The XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms in Rehovot, Israel was a real success! A photo gallery is available on the Web Site and also in ESTHER at the meeting page Meetings specifically on the XVI-ISCM at XVI-ISCM pictures (use the forward and reverse tag to browse pages) Development of potent reversible selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase as fluorescent probes is published by Pajk et al. and structures are available (6R6V, 6R6W) Structural characterisation of melatonin as an inhibitor of the Wnt deacylase Notum is published by Zhao et al. and structures are available (6TR5, 6TR6, 6TR7). Algorithm-based coevolution network identification reveals key functional residues of the alpha/beta hydrolase subfamilies and is published by Wu et al.

  • January 08, 2020:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. The XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms in Rehovot, Israel was a real success! A photo gallery is available on the Web Site and also in ESTHER at the meeting page Meetings specifically on the XVI-ISCM at XVI-ISCM pictures (use the forward and reverse tag to browse pages) Structural and biophysical analyses of human N-Myc Downstream-regulated gene 3 (NDRG3) protein are published by Kim et al. and structures will be available soon (6L4B, 6L4G, 6L4H) Structural characterisation of melatonin as an inhibitor of the Wnt deacylase Notum is published by Zhao et al. and structures are available (6TR6, 6TR7). Comparative structural analysis of different Mycobacteriophage-derived mycolylarabinogalactan esterases (Lysin B Lysin_B_C_ter) is published by Korany et al.

  • January 02, 2020:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. The XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms in Rehovot, Israel was a real success! A photo gallery is available on the Web Site Stereodivergent protein engineering of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) to access all possible stereoisomers of chiral esters with two stereo-centers is published by Xu et al. and structures are available (6J1P, 6J1Q, 6J1R, 6J1S, 6J1T) Furano[2,3-d]prymidine amides as Notum inhibitors are published by Atkinson et al. and structures are available (6T2H, 6T2K)

  • December 30, 2019:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. Structure of Bacteroides intestinalis acetyl xylan esterase (BACINT_01039) is available (6NE9) and will be published soon by Pereira et al. Crystal structures of a permafrost metagenomic library uncultured bacterium esterase PMGL2 with GCSAG motif around the catalytic serine are available (6QIN, 6QLA) and will be published soon by Boyko et al. Genetically engineered proteins with two activesites for enhanced biocatalysis and synergistic chemo- and biocatalysis are published by Alonso et al. and structures of ester-hydrolase EH1AB1 from the metagenome of lake Arreo are available (6I8F, 6RB0, 6RKY) A novel, modified human Butyrylcholinesterase catalytically degrades the chemical warfare nerve agent, sarin is published by McGarry et al. Structural characterisation of melatonin as an inhibitor of the Wnt deacylase Notum is published by Zhao et al. and structures will be available soon (6TR5, 6TR6, 6TR7). Furano[2,3-d]prymidine amides as Notum inhibitors are published by Atkinson et al. and structures will be available soon (6T2H, 6T2K) Identification of alpha,beta-hydrolase domain containing protein 6 as a diacylglycerol lipase in Neuro-2a cells is published by van Esbroeck et al.

  • December 18, 2019:

    Ohura et al. Identified and characterized a new carboxylesterase 2 isozyme, mfCES2C, in the small intestine of cynomolgus monkeys. macfa-a0a2k5uar1 The influence of carboxylesterase 1 polymorphism and cannabidiol on the hepatic metabolism of heroin is analyzed by. Qian et al. Genetic analysis and molecular detection of resistance to chlorpyrifos mediated by the A216S substitution in acetylcholinesterase-1 in the plant bug Apolygus lucorum is published by Zuo et al. Congenital myasthenic syndrome with novel pathogenic variants in the COLQ gene associated with the presence of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors is published by Tay et al. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of carboxylesterase and methylesterase gene families in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) is published by Cao et al. Biochemical characterization of an esterase from Clostridium acetobutylicum with novel GYSMG pentapeptide motif at the catalytic domain is published by Nagaroor et al. Norris et al. show that mutations (R451C_mouse-3neur) in neuroligin-3 in male mice impact behavioral flexibility but not relational memory in a touchscreen test of visual transitive inference

  • December 11, 2019:

    Structures of an epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus usamii E001 (AuEH2) are available (6IX2, 6IX4) and will be published soon by Hu et al. Three ChE domain-containing genes (Smche)s of Schistosoma mansoni (Smache1 Smache2 Smbche1) are analysed and excretory/secretory ChE shown to act as bio-scavenger of AChE inhibitors. In Smbche1 active site Histidine is replaced by a Glutamine. These results are published by Tedla et al. A paper by Zhou et al. shows that the Trp183 is essential in lactonohydrolase ZHD detoxifying zearalenone and zearalenols. Structures will be available soon (6JQZ, 6JR2, 6JR5, 6JR9, 6JRA, 6JRB, 6JRC, 6JRD) Synaptic Kalirin-7 and Trio interactomes reveal a GEF protein-dependent Neuroligin-1 mechanism of action is published by Paskus et al. A paper by Halff et al. shows that SNX27-mediated recycling of neuroligin-2 regulates inhibitory signaling.

  • December 04, 2019:

    Deciphering the structural basis of high thermostability of dehalogenase from psychrophilic Bacterium Marinobacter sp. ELB17 is published by Chrast et al. and structure is available (5MXP) Four non-synonymous mutations (Trp(251)-Leu, Asp(273)-Glu, Ala(365)-Val, and Ile(396)-Val) may be associated with spinosad resistance in house flies are published by Zhang et al. Notum produced by Paneth cells attenuates regeneration of aged intestinal epithelium is published by Pentinmikko et al. Carboxylesterase, a de-esterification enzyme, catalyzes the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl in Rhodococcus erythropolis D310-1 is published by Zang et al.

  • November 27, 2019:

    Structural and biochemical studies of the glucuronoyl esterase OtCE15A from Opitutus terrae illuminate its interaction with lignocellulosic components and are published by Mazurkewich et al. and structures are available (6SYR, 6SZO, 6SYV, 6SYR, 6T0I, 6T0E, 6SYU, 6SZ0, 6SZ4) Structure of ester-hydrolase EH1AB1 from the metagenome of lake Arreo native and in complex with a derivative of butyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate are available (6I8D, 6I8F) and will be soon published by Cea-Rama et al. Crystal structure of a membrane phospholipase A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a novel bacterial virulence factor is available (6I8W and will be published soon by Bleffert et al. Verma et al. published that membrane-integrated steric chaperone Lif facilitates active site opening of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipase A

  • November 20, 2019:

    Structures of epoxide hydrolase from Trichoderma reesei in complex with urea or amide-based inhibitors are published by de Oliveira et al. and structures are available (6N3K, 6N5G, 6N5F, 6N3Z, 6N5H) Structural and biochemical studies of the glucuronoyl esterase OtCE15A illuminate its interaction with lignocellulosic components and are published by Mazurkewich et al. and structures will be available soon (6SYR, 6SZO, 6SYV, 6SYR, 6T0I, 6T0E, 6SYU, 6SZ0, 6SZ4) Biochemical properties and biotechnological applications of microbial enzymes involved in the degradation of polyester-type plastics are reviewed by Urbanek et al.

  • November 13, 2019:

    A novel dual-functional enzyme Lip10 catalyzing lipase and acyltransferase activities in the oleaginous fungus Mucor circinelloides is published by Zan et al. Ma et al. published that deletion of bem46 retards spore germination and may be related to the polar growth of Aspergillus fumigatus. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel alpha/beta-Hydrolase/FSH from the White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is published by Garcia-Orozco et al. Efficient Degradation of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) with Thermobifida fusca Cutinase Exhibiting Improved Catalytic Activity Generated using Mutagenesis and Additive-based Approaches is published by Furukawa et al. Evidence for a Contribution of the Nlgn3/Cyfip1/Fmr1 Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders is published by Sledziowska et al.

  • November 06, 2019:

    ABHD2 inhibitor identified by activity-based protein profiling reduces acrosome reaction is published by Baggelaar et al. Potential of esterase DmtH in transforming plastic additive dimethyl terephthalate to less toxic mono-methyl terephthalate is published by Cheng et al.

  • October 31, 2019:

    TSPAN5 Enriched Microdomains Provide a Platform for Dendritic Spine Maturation through Neuroligin-1 Clustering is published by Moretto et al.

  • October 23, 2019:

    Structural analysis of mycobacterial homoserine transacetylases central to methionine biosynthesis reveals druggable active site and is published as preprint by Chaton et al. and structures are available (5W8O, 5W8P, 6PUX) Structural insight into the carboxylesterase BioH from Klebsiella pneumoniae is published by Wang et al. and structure is available (6K5E) The G119S Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) Target Site Mutation Confers Carbamate Resistance in the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae from Cameroon: A Challenge for the Coming IRS Implementation is published by Elanga-Ndille et al. Graphene oxide disrupts the protein-protein interaction between Neuroligin/NLG-1 and DLG-1 or MAGI-1 in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is published by Zhao et al.

  • October 16, 2019:

    Structures of Bacteroides intestinalis feruloyl esterase, Bacint_01033 are available (6MOT, 6MOU) and will be published soon by Pereira et al. A paper by Wei et al. shows that overexpression of an alternative allele of carboxyl/choline esterase 4 (CCE04) of Tetranychus urticae is associated with high levels of resistance to the keto-enol acaricide spirodiclofen. We reanotated the CCEs of two-spotted spider mite (see the tables list of complete proteins and list of fragments Two papers on dual-acting Cholinesterase-Human Cannabinoid Receptor 2 ligands Scheiner et al. and highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors with tunable duration of action Hoffmann et al. are published by the group of Michael Decker A review on possible impact of genetic variability in Carboxylesterase-1 and Carboxylesterase-2 drug metabolism is published by Laizure et al. Laizure et al.(2)

  • October 09, 2019:

    Structural basis by which the N-Terminal polypeptide segment of Rhizopus chinensis lipase regulates its substrate binding affinity is published by Zhang et al. and structure is available (6A0W) Engineering disulfide bonds towards enhanced lipase biodiesel synthesis is published by Gihaz et al. and structures of lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T6 variants are available (6S3G, 6S3J, 6S3V) Overcoming insecticide resistance through computational inhibitor design is published by Correy et al. and Lucilia cuprina (Green bottle fly) (Australian sheep blowfly) alpha-esterase-7 in complex covalent carboxylesterase inhibitors that abolish organophosphate insecticide resistance are available (5TYJ, 5TYK, 5TYL, 5TYM, 5TYN, 5TYO, 5TYP) Modeling a Neurexin-3alpha human mutation in mouse neurons identifies a novel role in the regulation of transsynaptic signaling and neurotransmitter release at excitatory synapses is published by Restrepo et al.

  • October 02, 2019:

    Crystal structures Arabidopsis thaliana EDS1 (AtEDS1) in complex with nanobodies are published by Voss et al. and will be available soon (6I8G, 6I8H, 6Q6Z) Structure of X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus helveticus is available (6NFF) and published by Ojennus et al. Structure of bifunctional GH43-CE Bacteroides eggerthii, BACEGG_01304 is available (6MLY) and will be published soon by Pereira et al. Only C-terminal esterase belongs to alpha/beta hydrolase family Molecular characterization and immunogenic function of ML1899 (LipG) of Mycobacterium leprae is published by Rastogi et al. A review on depalmitoylation by Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 in neuronal health and degeneration is published by Koster et al. A paper on structural definition of a Neutralization-Sensitive Epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD that strongly disrupts the attachment of MERS-CoV S to its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is published by Wang et al.

  • September 25, 2019:

    Crystal structures of the N-terminal carbohydrate binding module family 48 and ferulic acid esterase from the multi-enzyme CE1-GH62-GH10 isolated from anaerobic digester metagenome are available (6RZN, 6RZO) and will be published soon by Holck et al. An important paper on the update of The Lipase Engineering Database (LED) led.biocatnet.de and the modular structure of alpha/beta-hydrolases is published by Bauer, Buchholz and Pleiss Crystal structures Arabidopsis thaliana EDS1 (AtEDS1) in complex with nanobodies are published by Voss et al. and will be available soon (6I8G, 6I8H, 6Q6Z)

  • September 18, 2019:

    Structure and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus lipase B with a unique, oversized regulatory subdomain is published by Huang et al. and structure will be available soon (6IDY)

  • September 11, 2019:

    Structure of BioJ, a unique gatekeeper in bacterial biotin synthesis is published by Wei et al. and structure will be available soon (6K1T) Crystal structure of a novel esterase CinB from Enterobacter asburiae is available (6KMO) and published by Shang et al. An important paper by Nervo et al. shows that respiratory failure triggered by cholinesterase inhibitors may involve activation of a reflex sensory pathway by acetylcholine spillover Yang et al. show that dynamic interactions of ABHD5 with PNPLA3 regulate triacylglycerol metabolism in brown adipocytes. PNPLA3/Adiponutrin and ATGL(PNPLA2) compete for interaction with ABHD5 Structure of a bound peptide phosphonate revealing the mechanism of nocardicin bifunctional thioesterase epimerase-hydrolase half-reactions is published by Patel et al. and structures are available (6OJC, 6OJD) The structural basis of N-acyl-alpha-amino-beta-lactone formation catalyzed by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase is published by Kreitler et al. and structure is available (6N8E)

  • September 06, 2019:

    Rational protein engineering of thermo-stable PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis for highly efficient PET degradation is published by Son et al. and structures (6IJ3, 6IJ4, 6IJ5, 6IJ6) are available. Crystal structures of Homoserine O-acetyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 19420 (6IOG, 6IOH, 6IOI) are available and published by Sagong et al. Structure of a S-formylglutathione hydrolase homolog from a psychrophilic bacterium of Shewanella frigidimarina is available (6JZL) and published by Lee et al. Crystal structure of a novel esterase CinB from Enterobacter asburiae is available (6KMO) and will be published soon by Shang et al. A paper published by Villaecija-Aguilar et al. shows that all effects of KAI2 in the root can be explained by canonical SMAX1/SMXL2 activity and that non-canonical GR24 ligand-receptor interactions in D14/KAI2-mediated root hair development. A Paper by Sharifkhodaei et al. is published: Scribble and Discs-large mediate tricellular junction formation and are necessary for Gliotactin localization. Rajendran et al. published functional annotation of ABHD14B, an orphan serine hydrolase enzyme as a lysine deacetylase (KDAC) able to transfer an acetyl group from a post-translationally acetylated-lysine to coenzyme A (CoA), to yield acetyl-CoA Novel inhibitory function of the Rhizomucor miehei lipase propeptide and three-dimensional structures of its complexes with the enzyme are published by Moroz et al. and structures are available (6QPR, 6QPP)

  • August 21, 2019:

    Crystal structure of alpha-beta hydrolase (ABH) from Vibrio vulnificus is available (6IMP) and will be published soon by Lee et al. Structural and functional characterization of a novel cold-active S-formylglutathione hydrolase (SfSFGH) homolog from Shewanella frigidimarina, a psychrophilic bacterium is published by Lee et al. and structure (6JZL) will be available soon

  • August 07, 2019:

    Cholesterol-lowering effects of the beta-blocker talinolol works by inhibition of the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is analyzed by X-Ray structure (Hiesinger et al.). Structures of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with talinolol, morpholino-talinolol and 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(4-phenoxybenzyl)ethanamine are available (6HGX, 6HGV, 6HGW) Structure of Photorhabdus luminescens plu4186 AntI polyketide shortening enzyme is published by Zhou et al. and structure is available (6HXA) Structural and enzymatic characterization of an esterase from amazonian dark soil will be published soon by Guzzo et al. and structure is available (6EB3) Crystal structures of alpha-beta hydrolase (ABH) and Makes Caterpillars Floppy (MCF)-Like effectors of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O are available (6II2, 6IMP, 6II0, 6II6) and are published by Lee et al.

  • July 31, 2019:

    Registrations to the XVIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms in Rehovot, Israel are now open: Web Site Crystallization and crystallographic analysis of a Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA94 haloalkane dehalogenase variant with an eliminated halide-binding site are published by Pudnikova et al. and structure will be available soon (6S42) Crystal structure of DPP8 in complex with Val-BoroPro (Talabostat) is available (6HP8) and will be published soon by Ross et al. Structure of homoserine transacetylase MetA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is available (6PUX) and will be published soon by Chaton et al. The first articles in press from the proceedings of the 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the 7th Conference on Paraoxonase in Hradec Králové are available in Chemico-Biological Interactions Chem.Biol.Interact or list

  • July 24, 2019:

    Crystal structure of BioH from Klebsiella pneumonia is available (6K5E) and will be published soon by Wang and Chen Crystal structure of the strigolactone receptor ShHTL7 from Striga hermonthica is available (6A9D) and will be published soon by Zhang Xi and Wang. Directed evolution of a genetically encoded immobilized lipase for the efficient production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil is published by Heater et al. and structure is available (6JD9) Artificial cysteine-lipases with high activity and altered catalytic mechanism created by laboratory evolution are published by Cen et al. and structures are available (6ISP, 6ISQ, 6ISR) Crystal structure of holo-ObiF1, a five domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase from Burkholderia diffusa (among which the thioesterase domain) is available (6N8E) and will be published soon by Kreitler et al. Structure solution and analyses of the first true lipase obtained from metagenomics indicate potential for increased thermostability is published by Martini et al. and structure is available (6CL4) A coevolved EDS1-SAG101-NRG1 module mediates cell death signaling by TIR-domain immune receptors. Lapin et al. Structure of Photorhabdus luminescens plu4186 AntI polyketide shortening enzyme is published by Zhou et al. and structure will be available soon (6HXA)

  • July 10, 2019:

    Cholesterol-lowering effects of the beta-blocker talinolol works by inhibition of the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is analyzed by X-Ray structure (Hiesinger et al.). Structures of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with talinolol and morpholino-talinolol are available (6HGX, 6HGV)

  • July 03, 2019:

    Crystal structure of the common ancestor of haloalkane dehalogenases and Renilla luciferase (AncHLD-RLuc) is available (6G75) and is published by Chaloupkova et al. . Cholesterol-lowering effects of the beta-blocker talinolol works by inhibition of the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is analyzed by X-Ray structure (Hiesinger et al.). Morpholino-talinolol exhibited in vivo activity in a rat model of diabetic neuropatic pain. Structures are available (6HGX, 6HGV) The evolution of the canonical nucleophile/His/Asp catalytic triad of the hydrolases to an Ala/His/Asp triad is favorable for catalyzing dioxygenolytic PQS ring cleavage in cofactor-less dioxygenase AqdC of Mycobacteroides abscessus is published by Wullich et al. and structures of AqdC in its native state and in complex with the PQS cleavage product N-octanoylanthranilic acid, and of mutant AqdC proteins in complex with PQS are available (6RA2, 6RA3, 6RB3)

  • June 26, 2019:

    The evolution of the canonical nucleophile/His/Asp catalytic triad of the hydrolases to an Ala/His/Asp triad is favorable for catalyzing dioxygenolytic PQS ring cleavage in cofactor-less dioxygenase AqdC of Mycobacteroides abscessus is published by Wullich et al. and structures of AqdC in its native state and in complex with the PQS cleavage product N-octanoylanthranilic acid, and of mutant AqdC proteins in complex with PQS will be available soon (6RA2, 6RA3, 6RB3) The critical role of plastid lipase PLIP1 for seed viability in diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 mutant seed is published by Aulakh et al. Elevated levels of arachidonic acid-derived lipids including prostaglandins and endocannabinoids are present throughout ABHD12 knockout brains is published by Leishman et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of the beta-blocker talinolol works by inhibition of the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is analyzed by X-Ray structure (Hiesinger et al.). Morpholino-talinolol exhibited in vivo activity in a rat model of diabetic neuropatic pain. Structures will be available soon (6HGX, 6HGV, 6HGW) Chemical synthesis and characterization of a new quinazolinedione competitive antagonist for strigolactone receptors with an unexpected binding mode are published by Hamiaux et al. and structure is available (6O5J) Substrate-based allosteric regulation of a homodimeric enzyme: fluoroacetate dehalogenase is published by Mehrabi et al. and structures are available (6QKS, 6QKT, 6QKU, 6QKW)

  • June 19, 2019:

    Structure of a methylesterases essential for pectin rhamnogalacturonan II metabolism from the gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is available (6GOC) and will be published soon by Ndeh et al. A new crystal form of human acetylcholinesterase for exploratory room-temperature crystallography studies. is published by Gerlits et al. and structures are available (6O4W, 6O4X, 6O50, 6O52)

  • June 12, 2019:

    Synthesis and Molecular Properties of Nerve Agent Reactivator HLo-7 Dimethanesulfonate are published by Hsu et al. and structure of human Acetylcholinesterase in complex with reactivator HLo7 (6NEA) is available Structural insights into the dual-substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms of a bifunctional acetyl ester-xyloside hydrolase from Caldicellulosiruptor lactoaceticus is published by Cao et al. and structure is available (6A6O) A new crystal form of human acetylcholinesterase for exploratory room-temperature crystallography studies. is published by Gerlits et al. and structures will be available soon (6O4W, 6O4X, 6O50, 6O52) Respiratory failure triggered by cholinesterase inhibitors may involve activation of a reflex sensory pathway by acetylcholine spillover: published by Nervo et al. Novel mutations in NLGN3 causing autism spectrum disorder and cognitive impairment are published by Quartier et al. Chemical synthesis and characterization of a new quinazolinedione competitive antagonist for strigolactone receptors with an unexpected binding mode are published by Hamiaux et al. and structure will be available soon (6O5J)

  • June 05, 2019:

    The web site of the 16th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms and 2nd Misrahi Symposium on Neurobiology is available (16thISCM) Characterization of the mechanisms by which missense mutations in the lysosomal acid lipase gene disrupt enzymatic activity is published by Vinje et al. Hehlert et al. published that the alpha/beta-hydrolase domain-containing 4 and 5 (ABHD4/5)-related phospholipase Pummelig controls energy storage in Drosophila

  • May 29, 2019:

    New evidence for dual binding site inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase as improved drugs for treatment of Alzheimer's disease is published by Zueva et al. and structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with C35 is available (6F25) 15-deoxy-delta12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits human soluble epoxide hydrolase by a dual orthosteric and allosteric mechanism is published by Abis et al. and structure of human soluble Epoxide Hydrolase C-terminal Domain apoform and in complex with 15d-PGJ2 are available (6I5E, 6I5G) Productive reorientation of a bound oxime reactivator (RS-170B) revealed in room-temperature X-ray structures of native and VX-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase is published by Gerlits et al. and structures are available (6O5R, 6O5V, 6O5S, 6O66)

  • May 22, 2019:

    Baculoviral Expression of Presumptive OP-Resistance Mutations in BmAChE1 of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and Biochemical Resistance to OP Inhibition is published by Temeyer et al. Synthesis and Molecular Properties of Nerve Agent Reactivator HLo-7 Dimethanesulfonate are published by Hsu et al. and structure of human Acetylcholinesterase in complex with reactivator HLo7 (6NEA) will be available soon A paper by Stockli et al. shows that ABHD15 regulates adipose tissue lipolysis and hepatic lipid accumulation

  • May 15, 2019:

    Nanomolar multifunctional ligands targeting simultaneously acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 are published by Oukoloff et al. and structures are available (6H12, 6H13, 6H14) N-terminal domain replacement which changes an archaeal monoacylglycerol lipase into a triacylglycerol lipase is published by Soni et al. The first articles in press from the proceedings of the 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the 7th Conference on Paraoxonase in Hradec Králové are available in Chemico-Biological Interactions Chem.Biol.Interact or list

  • May 08, 2019:

    A new function for a member of the Carboxylesterase (COesterase) family Byssochlamys spectabilis (Paecilomyces variotii) VdtD) is published by Hu et al.: A fungal dirigent protein controls the stereoselectivity of multicopper oxidase-catalyzed phenol coupling in viriditoxin biosynthesis Structures of WT Lipoprotein Lipase in Complex with GPIHBP1 Mutant N78D N82D are available (6OAU, 6OAZ, 6OB0) and will be published soon by Arora et al. Discovery of 2-phenoxyacetamides as inhibitors of the Wnt-depalmitoleating enzyme NOTUM is published by Atkinson et al. and structures of Notum with inhibitors are available (6R8P, 6R8Q, 6R8R) Crystal structure of the cold-adapted haloalkane dehalogenase DpcA from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 is published by Tratsiak et al. and is available (6F9O)

  • May 01, 2019:

    The structural and biochemical impact of monomerizing human acetylcholinesterase is published by Bester et al. and structure of double mutant L380R/F535K of human acetylcholinesterase is available (6O69) First evidence of cholinesterase-like activity in Basidiomycota is published by Sepcic et al. Stereodivergent protein engineering of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) to access all possible stereoisomers of chiral esters with two stereo-centers is published by Xu et al. and structures will be available soon (6J1P, 6J1Q, 6J1R, 6J1S, 6J1T)

  • April 25, 2019:

    New insight into poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Azomonas macrocytogenes is published by Elsayed et al. Crystal structure of the common ancestor of haloalkane dehalogenases and Renilla luciferase (AncHLD-RLuc) is available (6G75) and will be published soon by Chaloupkova et al. Computer-designed active human butyrylcholinesterase double mutant with a new catalytic triad.is published by Grigorenko et al. The structural and biochemical impact of monomerizing human acetylcholinesterase is published by Bester et al.

  • April 17, 2019:

    Structures of the plastic-degrading I. sakaiensis MHETase a plastic degrading enzyme, and structure of PETase are available (6QG9, 6QGA, 6QGB, 6QGC) and are published by Palm et al. The crystal structure of a cutinase from Thermobifida fusca is available (5ZOA) and will be published soon by Dong et al. Late-stage conversion of diphenylphosphonate to fluorophosphonate probes for the investigation of serine hydrolases is published by d'Andrea and Townsend Counteracting tabun inhibition by reactivation by pyridinium aldoximes that interact with active center gorge mutants of acetylcholinesterase is published by Kovarik et al. Rational design of a long-wavelength fluorescent probe for highly selective sensing carboxylesterase 1 in living systems is published by Tian et al. Improvement of the activity of a fungal versatile-lipase toward triglycerides: an in silico mechanistic description is published by Paya-Tormo et al. A review on Neuroligins by Sakers and Eroglu. is published

  • April 10, 2019:

    Expression, purification and crystallization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa esterase PA2949, a bacterial homolog of the human membrane esterase ABHD6 are published by Bleffert et al. Design, synthesis, and in vitro biological activities of a bio-oxidizable prodrug to deliver both ChEs and DYRK1A inhibitors for AD therapy are published by Barré et al. A review on enzymatic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation is published by Kawai et al.

  • April 03, 2019:

    Structures of the plastic-degrading I. sakaiensis MHETase a plastic degrading enzyme, and structure of PETase are available (6QG9, 6QGA, 6QGB, 6QGC) and will be published soon by Palm et al.

  • March 27, 2019:

    Structure and characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus lipase B with a unique, oversized regulatory subdomain is published by Huang et al. and structure will be available soon (6IDY) X-ray structures of human bile-salt activated lipase conjugated to nerve agents surrogates are published by Touvrey et al. and are available (6H19, 6H1A, 6H18, 6H0V, 6H0T) Novel tacrine-tryptophan hybrids: Multi-target directed ligands as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease are published by Chalupova et al. and structures are available (5NUU, 6I0B, 6I0C) Structural and functional characterization of polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis is published by Liu et al. and structures will be available soon (6ILX, 6ILW) Fixed-target serial oscillation crystallography at room temperature of Rhodopseudomonas palustris Fluoroacetate dehalogenase is published by Wierman et al. and structures are available (6MUH, 6MUY, 6MZZ, 6N00). Tryptophan-derived butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors as promising leads against Alzheimer's disease are published by Meden et al. and structures are available (6QAA, 6QAB, 6QAC, 6QAD, 6QAE). Two important papers on ABHD6 functions are published (Bottemanne et al., Grabner et al.) A paper by Li et al. shows that genome-edited skin epidermal stem cells protect mice from cocaine-seeking behaviour and cocaine overdose.

  • March 20, 2019:

    Unique binding mode of Evogliptin with human dipeptidyl peptidase IV is published by Lee et al. and structures are available (5Y7H, 5Y7J, 5Y7K) Crystal structure of human DPP-IV in complex with a natural-product-derived preclinical candidate for once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes is available (5ZID) and is published by by Li et al. Structures of the hydroxynitrile lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana AtHNL enantioselectivity mutant At-A9-H7 Apo, Y13C, Y121L, P126F, L128W, C131T, F179L, A209I apo and with benzaldehide and mandelic acid nitrile are available (6COB, 6COC, 6COD, 6COE, 6COF, 6COG, 6COH, 6COI) and will be published soon by Jones et al. Structure of a CE15 glucuronoyl esterase from Teredinibacter turnerae T7901(TtCE15A) is available (6HSW) and will be published soon by Arnling Baath et al. Crystal structure of Lysosomal Phospholipase A2 in complex with Zinc is available (6MTW) and published by Bouley et al. A unique role of carboxylesterase 3 (Ces3) in beta-adrenergic signaling stimulated thermogenesis is described by Yang et al. Wu et al. show that Neuroligin-1 signaling controls LTP and NMDA receptors by distinct molecular pathways

  • March 13, 2019:

    Structure solution of the first true lipase (LipC12) obtained from metagenomics is available (6CL4) and will be published soon by Martini et al. Structures Rhizomucor miehei lipase propeptide complex, native and Ser95/Ile96 deletion mutant are available (6QPP, 6QPR) are available and will be published soon by Moroz et al. Novel tacrine-tryptophan hybrids: Multi-target directed ligands as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease are published by Chalupova et al. and structures will be available soon (5NUU, 6I0B, 6I0C) Novel brain-penetrating oxime acetylcholinesterase reactivators attenuating organophosphate-induced neuropathology in the rat hippocampus are published by Dail et al. a review on ABHD6 place in endocannabinoid signaling is published by Cao et al.

  • February 27, 2019:

    Structural insights into the unique polylactate degrading mechanism of Thermobifida alba cutinase is published by Kitadokoro et al. and structure is available (6AID) Crystal structure of cold-adapted haloalkane dehalogenase DpcA from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 is available (6F9O) and will be published soon by Tratsiak et al. (see also Tratsiak et al. 2013 A paper by Jean et al. shows in vivo localization of human acetylcholinesterase-derived species in a beta-sheet conformation at the core of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Crystal structure and conformational dynamics of Pyrococcus furiosus Prolyl Oligopeptidase are published by Ellis-Guardiola et al. and structures are available (6CAN, 5T88)

  • February 20, 2019:

    Nanomolar multifunctional ligands targeting simultaneously acetylcholinesterase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 are published by Oukoloff et al. and structures will be available soon (6H12, 6H13, 6H14) Structures of epoxide hydrolase from Trichoderma reesei in complex with urea or amide-based inhibitors are published by de Oliveira et al. and structures will be available soon (6N3K, 6N5G, 6N5F, 6N3Z, 6N5H) Structural insights into the unique polylactate-degrading mechanism of Thermobifida alba cutinase are published by Kitadokoro et al. and structure will be available soon (6AID) A long due new family of proteins was extracted from the Epoxide hydrolase family as it evidently shows an active serine in the catalytic site ABHD8

  • February 13, 2019:

    Correspondance of ESTHER families with the updated classification of lipolytic enzymes from bacteria originally proposed by Arpigny and Jaeger in 1999, updated by Jaeger and Eggert in 2002, Hausmann and Jaeger (2010), Kovacic, Krauss and Jaeger (2019) is available. Note that Family II and Family VIII in this classification are not alpha/beta hydrolases but SGNH hydrolases and beta lactamases respectively and are not represented in ESTHER. Note also that bacterial enzyme families can be included in larger families including eukaryote proteins. Lian et al. showed that Ces1d deficiency protects against high-sucrose diet-induced hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation.

  • February 06, 2019:

    Crystal structures of chloramphenicol-metabolizing enzyme EstDL136 from a metagenome are published by Kim et al. and are available (6IEY, 6AAE). Structural Basis of Karrikin and Non-natural Strigolactone Perception in Physcomitrella patens is published by Burger et al. and structures will be available soon (6ATX, 6AZB, 6AZC, 6AZD) Structure of Prolyl oligopeptidase mutant S477C from Pyrococcus furiosus is available (6CAN) and will be published soon by Ellis-Guardiola et al. Discovery and optimization of selective and in vivo active inhibitors of the Lysophosphatidylserine lipase alpha/beta-Hydrolase Domain-Containing 12 (ABHD12) is published by Ogasawara et al. Biochemical and proteomic characterization of recombinant human alpha/beta-hydrolase Domain 6 is published by Shields et al.

  • January 30, 2019:

    The crystal structure of a feruloyl esterase C from Fusarium oxysporum is available (6FAT) and will be published soon by Dimarogona, M.and Chrysina, E.D. Structural Basis of Karrikin and Non-natural Strigolactone Perception in Physcomitrella patens is published by Burger et al. and structures will be available soon (6ATX, 6AZB, 6AZC, 6AZD) A long due new family of proteins was extracted ABHD16

  • January 23, 2019:

    Lees et al. published that An Esterase-like lyase catalyzes acetate elimination in Spirotetronate/Spirotetramate biosynthesis. Structures are available (4YWF, 5NO5) Impairment in karrikin but not strigolactone sensing enhances root skewing in Arabidopsis thaliana is published by Swarbreck et al. Downregulation of carboxylesterase contributes to cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) is published by Wei et al.

  • January 04, 2019:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team.

  • December 26, 2018:

    With best wishes for the holidays! from the ESTHER Team.

  • December 19, 2018:

    Cryo-EM structure of the native butyrylcholinesterase tetramer reveals a dimer of dimers stabilized by a superhelical assembly is published by Leung et al. and structure (6I2T) is available . Structure of the lipoprotein lipase-GPIHBP1 complex that mediates plasma triglyceride hydrolysis is published by Birrane et al. and structure of the complex (6E7K) is available. Human lipoprotein lipase is the 44th human alpha/beta hydrolase for which a structure is known. It is the first structure of this subfamily There are now more than 2000 structures of alpha/beta hydolases. Select beta- and gamma-branched 1-alkylpyrazol-4-yl methylcarbamates exhibiting high selectivity for inhibition of Anopheles gambiae versus human acetylcholinesterase are published by Carlier et al.

  • December 12, 2018:

    Structure of human butyrylcholinesterase carbamylated is available (6EZ2) and will be published soon by Dighe et al. Solution structure of lipase binding domain LID1 of foldase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5OVM) and will be published soon by Viegas et al. Stuctures of Streptomyces tsusimaensis Vlm2 thioesterase domain are available (6ECB, 6ECC, 6ECD, 6ECE, 6ECF) and trapping biosynthetic acyl-enzyme intermediates with encoded 2,3--diaminopropionic acid will be published soon by Huguenin-Dezot et al. Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with C35 is available (6F25) and will be published soon by Dias et al. Structural and functional characterization of polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis is published by Liu et al. and structures will be available soon (6ILX, 6ILW).

  • December 05, 2018:

    Structural insights of stereospecific inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase by VX and subsequent reactivation by HI-6 are published by Bester et al. and structures are available (6CQT, 6CQU, 6CQV, 6CQW, 6CQX, 6CQY, 6CQZ) Crystal structure of Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in complex with isopropyl dodec-11-enylfluorophosphonate (IDFP) and a small molecule activator is available (6MVD) and published by Mantei et al. The crystal structure of VrEH2 mutant M263W is availble (5Y5D) and will be published soon by Xu et al.

  • November 28, 2018:

    Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling is published by Shabek et al. and structure of Oryza sativa strigolactone esterase D14 is available (6BRT). Structural insights of stereospecific inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase by VX and subsequent reactivation by HI-6 are published by Bester et al. and structures will be available soon (6CQT, 6CQU, 6CQV, 6CQW, 6CQX, 6CQY, 6CQZ) X-ray structure and characterization of a thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans is published by Moharana et al. and structure is available (6A12). Two important papers on reactivation of AChE inhibited by OP are available: Reversal of tabun toxicity enabled by a triazole-annulated oxime library-reactivators of acetylcholinesterase is published by Kovarik et al. and ranks the effectiveness of these compounds in reactivating this phosphoramidate conjugate (Phosphoramidates like Tabun or some Novishoks are typically resistant to reactivation by the classic pyridinium aldoximes and their extended derivatives). The same groups published: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and tissue disposition of zwitterionic hydroxyaminoacetamido alkylamines as reactivating antidotes to organophosphate poisoning Sit et al..

  • November 21, 2018:

    Structure of Butyrylcolinesterase expressed in CHO cells co-crystallised with a rivastigmine analogue is available (6EYF) and will be published soon by Dighe et al. Structures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with ligands targeting acetylcholinesterase and sigma1 receptors MR33112 and MR28926 are available (6EZG, 6EZH) and published by Lalut et al. Crystal structures of Strigolactone esterase D14 (OsD14) in complex with covalently bound KK094, KK052 or KK073 are available (5ZHR, 5ZHS, 5ZHT) and are published by Nakamura et al. Structural plasticity of D3-D14 ubiquitin ligase in strigolactone signalling will be published soon by Shabek et al. and structure of Oryza sativa Strigolactone esterase D14 is available (6BRT)

  • November 14, 2018:

    Crystal structures of S9 peptidase from Deinococcus radiodurans R1 are available (5YZM, 5YZN, 5YZO, 6IGP, 6IGQ, 6IGR, 6IKG) and published by Yadav et al. Crystal structure of lysophospholipase A2 conjugated with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride is available (6BJE) and will be published soon by Wepy et al. Structures of reactivating oximes or rivastigmine bound to Torpedo californica AChE's catalytic gorge is available (6EUC, 6EUE, 6EWK) and are published by Zorbaz et al. Butyrylcolinesterase expressed in CHO cells co-crystallised with a rivastigmine analogue is available (6EYF 6EYF replaced 6EUL) and will be published soon by Dighe et al. The 5th International Symposium on Non-neuronal Acetylcholine is announced. It will take place from Fri, Sep 27, to Sun, Sep 29, 2019 in Hyatt Regency Long Beach California. Register here: Site

  • November 07, 2018:

    Structures of YbtT: a low-specificity type II thioesterase that maintains production of the metallophore yersiniabactin in pathogenic enterobacteria (WT and S89A mutant) are available (6BA8, 6BA9) and published by Ohlemacher et al. Structures of new thermophilic alpha/beta Class epoxide hydrolases found in metagenomes from hot environments are published by Ferrandi et al. and are available (5NFQ, 5NG7).

  • November 02, 2018:

    A wonderful achievment: 3D structure of the natural tetrameric form of human butyrylcholinesterase as revealed by cryoEM, SAXS and MD is published by Boyko et al. . Non-covalent inhibitors of mosquito acetylcholinesterase 1 with resistance-breaking potency are published by Knutsson et al. and structures of mouse AChE in complex with compound 10 and 15 are available: (6FSD, 6FSE) A missense change found in the main synaptic AChE1a, F318V (290 Torpedo number), was associated with survival of C. rogercresseyi at high azamethiphos concentrations and described by Agusti-Ridaura et al. A paper by Zorbaz et al. shows that pyridinium oximes with ortho-positioned chlorine moiety exhibit efficient reactivation of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by several nerve agents.

  • October 31, 2018:

    A study showing that ABHD5 stimulates PNPLA1-mediated Omega-O-Acylceramide biosynthesis essential for a functional skin permeability barrier is published by Kien et al. . X-ray structures of human bile-salt activated lipase conjugated to nerve agents surrogates are published by Touvrey et al. and will be available soon (6H19, 6H1A, 6H18, 6H0V, 6H0T)

  • October 24, 2018:

    Biochemical and structural characterization of TesA, a major thioesterase required for outer-envelope lipid biosynthesis in M. tuberculosis is published by Nguyen et al. and structures are available (6FVJ, 6FW5) Room temperature structure of lipase from T. lanuginosa at 2.5 A resolution is available (6HW1) and will be published soon by de Wijn et al. The hit-and-return system enables efficient time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography: Structure Rhodopseudomonas palustris fluoroacetate dehalogenase is available (6FSX) and will be published soon by Schulz et al. A paper by Yoon et al. shows that NOTUM is involved in the progression of colorectal cancer. Non-covalent inhibitors of mosquito acetylcholinesterase 1 with resistance-breaking potency are published by Knutsson et al. and structures of mouse AChE in complex with compound 10 and 15 (6FSD, 6FSE) will be available soon. Potent, irreversible inhibition of human carboxylesterases by Tanshinone Anhydrides isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is published by Hatfield et al.

  • October 21, 2018:

    Some publications of structures were missing Crystal structures of the ferric enterobactin esterase (pfeE) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Apo form, mutant (S157A), and in complex with enterobactin or tris-catechol vector are available (6GI0, 6GI1, 6GI2, 6GI5) and are published by Perraud et al. Crystal structure of the strigolactone receptors HTL1 HTL4 HTL7 and Dwarf14 (ShD14) from Striga hermonthica are available (5Z7W, 5Z7X, 5Z7Y, 5Z7Z) and are published by Xu et al.

  • October 17, 2018:

    Crystal structure of human monoacylglycerol lipase in complex with compound 3l is published by Aida et al. and structure is available (5ZUN). Structure of Thioesterase from DEBS with a thioesterase-specific antibody is published by Li et al. .and structure is available (6MLK). Crystal Structures of lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T6 methanol stable variants Introducing aromatic interactions into solvent tunnels are published by Gihaz et al. and structures are available (6FZ1, 6FZ7, 6FZ8, 6FZ9, 6FZA, 6FZC, 6FZD)

  • October 10, 2018:

    Structure of Acetyl xylan esterase from Paenibacillus sp. R4 is available (6AGQ) and will be published soon by Park et al. Low-resolution envelope of a short-chain specific and halotolerant carboxylesterase from Bacillus licheniformis is published by Nakamura et al. Crystal structure of the metagenomic carboxyl esterase MGS0156 with high hydrolytic activity against synthetic polyesters is published by Hajighasemi et al. and structure (5D8M) is available. Other enzymes with similar activity are also described. Biochemical and structural characterization of TesA, a major thioesterase required for outer-envelope lipid biosynthesis in M. tuberculosis is published by Nguyen et al..and structures will be available soon (6FVJ, 6FW5) Structure of Thioesterase from DEBS with a thioesterase-specific antibody is published by Li et al. .and structure will be available soon (6MLK). Crystal structure of human monoacylglycerol lipase in complex with compound 3l is published by Aida et al. and structure will be available soon (5ZUN).

  • October 03, 2018:

    Crystal structure of Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in complex with isopropyl dodec-11-enylfluorophosphonate (IDFP) and a small molecule activator is available (6MVD) and will be published soon by Manthei et al. A preprint is available at Biorxiv

  • September 26, 2018:

    The 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and the 7th International Conference on Paraoxonases, which took place on 9-14 September 2018 was a tremendous success thanks to the Czech organizers (Kamil Kuca, Ondrej Soukup, Kamil Musilek, Jan Korabecny and Sona Doskova from the University of Hradec Králové and Daniel Jun from the University of Defence in Brno). The Programme is available: Oral sessions , Poster sessions, and list of participants The International Symposium in Darmstadt: Construction of a retina from stem cells: Tribute to former students, colleagues & collaborators of Prof. Paul G. Layer was also a wonderful moment A new structure of the poly (ethylene terephthalate) bacterial hydrolase PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis is available (5YFE) and will be soon published by Bao et al.

  • September 17, 2018:

    The 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and the 7th International Conference on Paraoxonases, which took place on 9-14 September 2018 was a tremendous success thanks to the Czech organizers (Kamil Kuca, Ondrej Soukup, Kamil Musilek, Jan Korabecny and Sona Doskova from the University of Hradec Králové and Daniel Jun from the University of Defence in Brno). The Programme is available: Oral sessions , Poster sessions, and list of participants Structural dynamics of PET-degrading Cutinase-like enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190 in substrate-bound states elucidates Ca2+ driven catalytic cycle is published by Numoto et al. and structures are available (5ZNO, 5ZRQ, 5ZRR, 5ZRS) Discovery of polar spirocyclic orally bioavailable urea inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase is published by Lukin et al. and structure with inhibitor LK864 is available soon (6FR2)

  • September 07, 2018:

    Multi-target-directed ligands for treating Alzheimer's disease: Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors displaying antioxidant and neuroprotective activities is published by Knez et al. and structure of BChE inhibited by compound 11 is available (6F7Q) The overall structures of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) and epoxide hydrolase VrEH2 are available (5XM6, 5Y6Y, 5YB5) and published by Li et al.

  • August 29, 2018:

    Structure-based optimization of non-quaternary reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus nerve agents is published by Santoni et al. and structures are available (6G17, 6FQN, 6G4P, 6G4O, 6G4M, 6G4N, 6FLD) Crystal structure of the strigolactone receptors HTL1 HTL4 HTL7 and Dwarf14 (ShD14) from Striga hermonthica are available (5Z7W, 5Z7X, 5Z7Y, 5Z7Z) and will be published soon by Xu et al. An important review on neurotoxicity in acute and repeated organophosphate exposure is published by Naugthon and Terry

  • August 22, 2018:

    A paper by Lee et al. shows that a missense allele of KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 impairs ligand-binding and downstream signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Structures described in the paper are available (5Z9G, 5Z9H) Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. are published by Arnling Baath et al. and structures are available (6GS0, 6GU8, 6GRY, 6GRW) Structure-based optimization of non-quaternary reactivators of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by organophosphorus nerve agents is published by Santoni et al. and structures will be available soon (6G17, 6FQN, 6G4P, 6G4O, 6G4M, 6G4N, 6FLD) Demonstration of in vitro resurrection of aged acetylcholinesterase after exposure to organophosphorus chemical nerve agents is also published by Zhuang et al. and highlighted by Dan Quinn. Structural dynamics of PET-degrading Cutinase-like enzyme from Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190 in substrate-bound states elucidates Ca2+ driven catalytic cycle is published by Numoto et al. and structures will be available soon (5ZNO, 5ZRQ, 5ZRR, 5ZRS)

  • August 15, 2018:

    We are sorry to pass on to you a sad news. We recently learned that Brian Molles died tragically on July 20th in Dallas, Texas. obituary Iron scavenging in Aspergillus species: Structural and biochemical insights into fungal siderophore esterases are published by Ecker et al. and structures of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans siderophore esterases AfEstB AnEstB and Aspergillus fumigatus AfSidJ Siderophore fusarinine C hydrolase are available (6GUD, 6GUG, 6GUI, 6GUL, 6GUR, 6GUN, 6GUO, 6GUP) Crystal structures of a novel pyrethroid hydrolase from Sphingobium faniae JZ-2 are available (5Y57, 5Y51, 5Y5V, 5Y5R) and will be published soon by Xu et al. Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion are published by Arnling Baath et al. and structures of glucuronoyl esterase from Opitutus terrae and Solibacter usitatus are available (6GRW, 6GRY, 6GS0, 6GU8)

  • August 08, 2018:

    Crystal structures of a novel pyrethroid hydrolase from Sphingobium faniae JZ-2 are available (5Y57 5Y51) and will be published soon by Xu et al. Iron scavenging in Aspergillus species: Structural and biochemical insights into fungal siderophore esterases are published by Ecker et al. and structures of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans siderophore esterases AfEstB AnEstB and Aspergillus fumigatus AfSidJ Siderophore fusarinine C hydrolase will be available soon (6GUD, 6GUG, 6GUI, 6GUL, 6GUR, 6GUN, 6GUO, 6GUP) Deregulation of the endocannabinoid system and therapeutic potential of ABHD6 blockade in the cuprizone model of demyelination is published by Manterola et al. An analysis of evolution and diversification of the plant gibberellin receptor GID1 is published by Yoshida et al. A paper by Lee et al. shows that a missense allele of KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 impairs ligand-binding and downstream signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Structures described in the paper will be available soon (5Z9G, 5Z9H)

  • August 01, 2018:

    Today we mourn the loss of Dr. (MD, PhD) Edson Xavier de Albuquerque, one of the well-known members of our community who passed away after a short cardiac crisis. In-Memoriam from the University of Maryland, and the message from Pr. Hermona Soreq The final programme for the 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases and the 7th International Conference on Paraoxonases, which will take place on 9-14 September 2018 is available: Oral sessions , Poster sessions, and list of participants Discovery of polar spirocyclic orally bioavailable urea inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase is published by Lukin et al. and structure with inhibitor LK864 will be available soon (6FR2)

  • July 26, 2018:

    Novel, potent, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 are published by Liu et al. and structures (5YE7, 5YE8, 5YE9, 5YEA) are available. Structure of an haloalkane dehalogenase DmxA from Marinobacter sp. ELB17 possessing a unique catalytic residue is available (5MXP) and will be published soon by Chrast et al. Structural basis for specific inhibition of the highly sensitive ShHTL7 receptor is published by Shahul Hameed et al. and structures are available (5Z82, 5Z89, 5Z8P, 5Z95). Multi-target-directed ligands for treating Alzheimer's disease: Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors displaying antioxidant and neuroprotective activities is published by Knez et al. and structure of BChE inhibited by compound 11 will be available soon (6F7Q)

  • July 23, 2018:

    We recently learned that John Casida died on June 30 obituary He was one of the worlds leading authorities on how pesticides work and how they can potentially harm humans. Potent 3-hydroxy-2-pyridine aldoxime reactivators of organophosphate-inhibited cholinesterases with predicted blood-brain barrier penetration are published by Zorbaz et al. and structure (6EWK) will be available soon

  • June 27, 2018:

    The crystal structure of monoacylglycerol lipase from M. tuberculosis Rv0183 is available (6EIC) and the basis of specific inhibition is published by Aschauer et al.

  • June 20, 2018:

    We are sorry to inform you that Evgeny Nikolsky passed away last thursday in Kazan. We will miss him very much. He had been coorganizer of the 11th International Meeting on Cholinesterases (2012) (Kazan, Russia). Crystal structures of the ferric enterobactin esterase (pfeE) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Apo form, mutant(S157A), and in complex with enterobactin or tris-catechol vector are available (6GI0, 6GI1, 6GI2, 6GI5) and will be published soon by Moynie et al. Structure of truncated AMS3 lipase from an Antarctic Pseudomonas is available (5XPX) and will be published soon by Rahman et al. X-ray structure of lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans is available (6A12) and will be published soon by Moharana et al.

  • June 15, 2018:

    Crystal structure of the Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase RPA1163: An efficient setup for fixed-target, time-resolved serial crystallography with optical excitation is available (5O2I) and will be published soon by Schulz et al. The crystal structure of monoacylglycerol lipase from M. tuberculosis Rv0183 will be available soon (6EIC) and the basis of specific inhibition is published by Aschauer et al.

  • May 30, 2018:

    We are sorry to inform you that Prof. Eric A Barnard passed away 13CHE7PON The deadline of abstract submission has been extended until Thursday 31st May 2018! Structure of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with a chlorotacrine-tryptophan hybrid inhibitor is availble (5NUU) and will be published soon by Caliandro et al. Crystal structure D14-D-ring-opened 7'-carba-4BD complex is published by Takeuchi et al. and structutre is available (5YZ7) Crystal structure of the Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase RPA1163: determination from picosecond infrared laser ablated protein crystals by serial synchrotron crystallography is available (5O2G) and will be published soon by Schulz et al. Sequence analysis and structure prediction of ABHD16A and the roles of the ABHD family members in human disease is published by Xu et al.

  • May 23, 2018:

    13CHE7PON The deadline of abstract submission has been extended until Thursday 31st May 2018! Crystal structure of an esterase (Tannase) from Aspergillus oryzae is available (6G21) and will be published soon by Moroz et al. Paper : Loss of ABHD15 impairs the anti-lipolytic action of insulin by altering PDE3B stability and contributes to insulin resistance is published by Xia et al.

  • May 16, 2018:

    Crystal structure of epoxide hydrolase VrEH1 from Vigna radiata is available (5XMD) and will be published soon by Kong et al Structures of novel epoxide hydrolases belonging to the alpha/beta hydrolases superfamily in metagenomes from hot environments are available (5NFQ, 5NG7) and will be published soon by Ferrandi et al. A paper showing that Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE1 and PE2 proteins carrying conserved alpha/beta-serine hydrolase domain are esterases hydrolyzing short to medium chain p-nitrophenyl esters is published by Divya et al.

  • May 09, 2018:

    Crystal structure of mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Aspergillus oryzae (5XK2) and Crystal structure of monoacylglycerol lipase from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. 12AMOR are available (5XKS) and will be published soon by Wang YH et al. Co-Crystal Structure of rat DPPIV with a chemibody inhibitor is available (5VTA) and is published by Cheng et al. Crystal Structure of Oryza sativa DWARF14 is available (6ELX) and published by Carlsson et al. Crystal structure D14-D-ring-opened 7'-carba-4BD complex is published by Takeuchi et al. and structutre will be available soon (5YZ7) The paper entitled: Autism-associated neuroligin-4 mutation selectively impairs glycinergic synaptic transmission in mouse brainstem synapses is published by Zhang et al.

  • May 02, 2018:

    Sructures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with non-chiral donepezil-like inhibitors are published by Caliandro et al. and are available (5NAP, 5NAU) Crystal structure of a lactonase from Cladophialophora bantiana is available (5XWZ) and published by Hui et al. Structure of Computer-based rational design of improved functionality for antibody catalysts (not an alpha/beta hydrolase) toward organophosphorus compounds is available (5TJD) and will be published soon by Chatziefthimiou et al.

  • April 25, 2018:

    Structure of the selenomethionine-derivated lactonohydrolase zearalenone hydrolase is availble (5XMW) and published by Qi et al. The structures of I. sakaiensis PETase engineered to increase plastic degradation are published by Austin et al. and are available (6EQD, 6EQE, 6EQF, 6EQG, 6EQH)

  • April 19, 2018:

    Active Site Flexibility as a Hallmark for Efficient PET Degradation by I. sakaiensis PETase is published by Fecker et al. and structure is available (6ANE) The structures of the same enzyme engineered to increase plastic degradation are published by Austin et al. and will be available soon (6EQD, 6EQE, 6EQF, 6EQG, 6EQH) A first clinical report of adult patient with a history of osteoporosis and fractures with the late diagnosis of Galactosialidosis is published by Kaissi et al.

  • April 13, 2018:

    Active site flexibility as a hallmark for efficient PET degradation by I. sakaiensis PETase is published by Fecker et al. and structure will be available soon (6ANE) A novel mutation in the BCHE gene and phenotype identified in a child with low butyrylcholinesterase activity is published by Yu et al. Identification of lipases with activity towards monoacylglycerol by criterion of conserved cap architectures is published by Riegler-Berket et al. Newly discovered COLQ gene mutation and its clinical features in patients with acetyl cholinesterase deficiency is published by Zhang et al. New therapeutic approaches and novel alternatives for organophosphate toxicity are published by Katz et al.

  • April 04, 2018:

    Crystal structure of Torpedo Californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with Tacrine and Huprine derivatives are availble (6G1U This entry supersedes: 6FOT, 6G1V This entry supersedes: 6FOU, 6G1W This entry supersedes: 6FOV) and published by Galdeano et al.

  • March 28, 2018:

    Crystal structure of Torpedo Californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with Tacrine and Huprine derivatives are availble (6FOT, 6FOU, 6FOV) and published by Galdeano et al. This paper belongs to the special issue in the Journal Molecules : The Cholinesterases - Structure, Mechanism, Function and Drug Design: The 25th Anniversary of the Solution of the Crystal Structure of Acetylcholinesterase by Joel L. Sussman and Israel Silman with the guest editors: Prof. Anthony H. Futerman, Dr. Yacov Ashani, Dr. Gabriel (Gabi) Amitai, Dr. Lev Weiner. A list of the papers is found here LIST.

  • March 21, 2018:

    Structural insight into a CE15 esterase from the marine bacterial metagenome is published by De Santi et al. and structure is available (6EHN) Crystal Structures of D14 and DAD2 (strigolactone receptors) bound to N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives are available (6AP6, 6AP7, 6AP8) and published by Hamiaux et al. Structure of the loading/condensing region of the cercosporin fungal non-reducing polyketide synthase (Only the c-terminal thioesterase module is an alpha/beta hydrolase) is available (6FIK) and is published by Herbst et al.

  • March 14, 2018:

    Structure of Human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with inhibitor with picomolar activity is published by Kosak et al. and is available (5NN0). Discovery of Trifluoromethyl Glycol Carbamates as Potent and Selective Covalent Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors for Treatment of Neuroinflammation is published by McAllister et al. and structure is available (6BQ0)

  • March 07, 2018:

    Crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase catalytic subunits of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae are available (5YDH, 5YDI, 5YDJ) and will be published soon by Han et al.

  • February 28, 2018:

    Structure of Namib Desert hypoliths metagenome Acetyl-esterase deacetylase is published by Adesioye et al. and is available (6FKX) A New Case of Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome with a Novel Deletion in ABHD5 Gene is published by Nakhaei et al.

  • February 21, 2018:

    Crystal structures of a bacterial dipeptidyl peptidase IV revealing a novel substrate recognition mechanism distinct from that of mammalian orthologues are published by Roppongi et al. and are available (5YP1, 5YP2, 5YP3, 5YP4) Structure of Namib Desert hypoliths metagenome Acetyl-esterase deacetylase is published by Adesioye et al. and will be available soon (6FKX) Relationship between the dimerization of thyroglobulin and its ability to form triiodothyronine is published by Citterio et al.

  • February 14, 2018:

    Crystal structures of a bacterial dipeptidyl peptidase IV revealing a novel substrate recognition mechanism distinct from that of mammalian orthologues are published by Roppongi et al. and will be available soon (5YP1, 5YP2, 5YP3, 5YP4) Structural insight into molecular mechanism of poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation is published by Joo et al. and structures are available (5XJH, 5YNS)

  • February 07, 2018:

    Crystal structure of human soluble epoxide hydrolase complexed with trans-4-[4-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-l-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-TUCB) is available (6AUM) and published by Kodani et al. Structures and mechanism of human dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9, important players in cellular homeostasis and cancer are published by Ross et al. and structures are available (6EOO, 6EOP, 6EOQ, 6EOR, 6EOS, 6EOT) Structure of FAE solved by SAD from data collected at the peak of the Selenium absorption edge on ID30B is available (6FJ4) and is published by McCarthy, A.A. et al. Structure-Activity relationships of potent and balanced dual-acting butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors and human cannabinoid receptor 2 ligands with pro-cognitive in Vivo profiles are published by Dolles et al. A novel mitochondrial serine O-Acetyltransferase, OpSAT1, playing a critical role in sulfur metabolism in the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea parapolymorpha is published by Yeon et al.. Effects of distal mutations on the structure, dynamics and catalysis of human Monoacylglycerol lipase are published by Tyukhtenko et al.

  • January 31, 2018:

    High-level expression and characterization of a novel cutinase from Malbranchea cinnamomea suitable for butyl butyrate production is published by Duan et al. and structure is available (5X88) Offenburger et al. showed that mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans neuroligin-like glit-1 (gliotactin), the apoptosis pathway and the calcium chaperone crt-1 increase dopaminergic neurodegeneration after 6-OHDA treatment. Kodani et al. published soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with dual potency towards fatty acid amide hydrolase.

  • January 24, 2018:

    Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85s: Acyl-enzyme intermediate structure with Tetrahydrolipstatin is available (5VNS) and is published by Goins et al. Previous structures with Ebselen derivatives published by the same group had been missing (5KWI, 5KWJ) and were published by Goins et al. Crystal structure of Ag85C bound to cyclophostin 8beta inhibitor is available (5OCJ) and published by Viljoen et al

  • January 10, 2018:

    With best wishes for the new year! from the ESTHER Team. p.His322Asn (p.H353N His353Asn) in human AChE is among the protein-altering variants associated with body mass index as published by Turcot et al. New papers are included in the special issue in the Journal Molecules : The Cholinesterases - Structure, Mechanism, Function and Drug Design: The 25th Anniversary of the Solution of the Crystal Structure of Acetylcholinesterase by Joel L. Sussman and Israel Silman with the guest editors: Prof. Anthony H. Futerman, Dr. Yacov Ashani, Dr. Gabriel (Gabi) Amitai, Dr. Lev Weiner. A list of the papers is found here LIST. Structures of the G119S insecticide-resistant mutant acetylcholinesterase of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae are published by Cheung et al. and are availble (6ARX, 6ARX) Structures of the hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus esterase Pf2001 are available (5LCN, 5G59, 5G5M, 5G5C) and are published by Varejao et al.

  • December 27, 2017:

    With best wishes for the holidays! from the ESTHER Team. The latest Newsletter is available Newsletter9 Structural basis for lipid binding and mechanism of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3802 phospholipase is published by Goins et al. and structure is available (5W95 ) Structures of the G119S insecticide-resistant mutant acetylcholinesterase of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae are published by Cheung et al. and will be availble soon (6ARX, 6ARX) Burger et al. show that Acyl-protein thioesterase structures present a long tunnel for accommodation of long-chain fatty acids and release the product by use of a flexible loop tunnel lid. Homologous deacetylases use a hydrophobic residue to fix the lid and another residue to close the tunnel entrance. This causes loop rigidity changing the catalytic preference to deacetylation. ZmB6T1C9 as its paralogue in Arabidopsis At5G20060 is an acylprotein thioesterase and not an protein deacetylase. Structures are available (6AVV, 6AVW, 6AVX, 6AVY) Azetidine and piperidine carbamates as efficient, covalent inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase are published by Butler et al. and structure is available(6AX1) Crystal structures of a highly thermostable carboxyl esterase from Bacillus coagulans are available (5OLU, 5O7G) and published by De Vitis et al.

  • December 20, 2017:

    Crystal structures of a novel PET hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 are available (5XFY, 5XFZ, 5XG0, 5XH2, 5XH3) and published by Han et al. Structural basis for lipid binding and mechanism of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3802 phospholipase is published by Goins et al. and structure will be available soon (5W95) NEW The 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the 7th Conference on Paraoxonase will be held at the campus university of Hradec Králové in the Czech Republic from 9th to 14th September 2018 and is organised by Kamil Kuca, Ondrej Soukup, Kamil Musilek, Jan Korabecny and Sona Doskova from the University of Hradec Králové and Daniel Jun from the University of Defence in Brno. Visit the site: 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases 7th Conference on Paraoxonase

  • December 13, 2017:

    Comparison of the binding of reversible inhibitors to human Butyrylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase: A crystallographic, kinetic and calorimetric study is published by Rosenberry et al. and structures of human BCHE in complex with thioflavine T, propidium, ethopropazine, huprine 19 and decamethonium are availabe (6ESY, 6ESJ, 6EQP, 6EQQ, 6EP4). Structure of Human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with inhibitor with picomolar activity is published by Kosak et al. and will be available soon (5NN0). Structural insight into a CE15 esterase from the marine bacterial metagenome is published by De Santi et al. and structure will be available soon (6EHN) Male homosexuality and maternal immune responsivity to the Y-linked protein NLGN4Y is published by Bogaert et al. Adipose tissue deficiency of Hormone-sensitive lipase causes fatty liver in mice, is published by Xia et al. Azetidine and piperidine carbamates as efficient, covalent inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase are published by Butler et al. and structure will be available soon (6AX1) NEW The 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the 7th Conference on Paraoxonase will be held at the campus university of Hradec Králové in the Czech Republic from 9th to 14th September 2018 and is organised by Kamil Kuca, Ondrej Soukup, Kamil Musilek, Jan Korabecny and Sona Doskova from the University of Hradec Králové and Daniel Jun from the University of Defence in Brno. Visit the site: 13th International Meeting on Cholinesterases 7th Conference on Paraoxonase

  • December 06, 2017:

    Crystal structures of a highly thermostable carboxyl esterase from Bacillus coagulans are available (5OLU, 5O7G) and will be published soon by De Vitis et al. Lucilia cuprina (Green bottle fly) (Australian sheep blowfly) alpha-esterase-7 in complex covalent carboxylesterase inhibitors that abolish organophosphate insecticide resistance are available (5TYJ, 5TYK, 5TYL, 5TYM, 5TYN, 5TYO, 5TYP) and will be published soon by Correy, G.J.and Jackson, C.J. Structures of ferulic acid esterase from Streptomyces cinnamoneus are available (5YAE, 5YAL) and published by Uraji et al. Comparison of the binding of reversible inhibitors to human Butyrylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase: A crystallographic, kinetic and calorimetric study is published by Rosenberry et al. and structures of human BCHE in complex with thioflavine T, propidium, ethopropazine huprine 19 and decamethonium will be availabe soon (6ESY, 6ESJ, 6EQP, 6EQQ, 6EP4). Determinants and prediction of esterase substrate promiscuity patterns are published by Martinez-Martinez et al.

  • November 29, 2017:

    Planarian cholinesterase: molecular and functional characterization of an evolutionarily ancient enzyme to study organophosphorus pesticide toxicity is published by Hagstrom et al. The sequences of the two cholinesterases of Dugesia japonica are available (dugja-CHE1, dugja-CHE2). A potent selective and cell-active heteroatom-rich organoboron inhibitor (MIDA-ester-4j) of the (ox)lipid-metabolizing enzyme alpha/beta-hydrolase domain 3 (ABHD3) (human-ABHD3) is described by Tan et al. Use of (Hupresin) to capture red blood cell acetylcholinesterase for detection of soman exposure is published by Onder et al.

  • November 08, 2017:

    Bacterial expression of human butyrylcholinesterase as a tool for nerve agent bioscavengers development is published by Brazzolotto et al. and structure is available (6EMI). The mutated human BChE was designed using the PROSS algorithm of Goldenzweig et al..Some tables of the mutations are available in table. This paper belongs to the special issue in the Journal Molecules : The Cholinesterases - Structure, Mechanism, Function and Drug Design: The 25th Anniversary of the Solution of the Crystal Structure of Acetylcholinesterase by Joel L. Sussman and Israel Silman with the guest editors: Prof. Anthony H. Futerman, Dr. Yacov Ashani, Dr. Gabriel (Gabi) Amitai, Dr. Lev Weiner. A list of the papers is found here LIST. Mutations in the disease table have been updated. HGVS nomenclature has been used except for proteins for which all publications use a mature protein numbering (ACHE, BCHE etc..) in any case the alternative numbering is indicated. We changed names of some families: Duf_2048 becomes ABHD18, Duf_1234 becomes Hydrolase_RBBP9_YdeN, Duf_2319 becomes Abhydrolase_9

  • November 01, 2017:

    Bacterial expression of human butyrylcholinesterase as a tool for nerve agent bioscavengers development is published by Brazzolotto et al. and structure will be available soon (6EMI). The mutated human BChE was designed using the PROSS algorithm of Goldenzweig et al..Some tables of the mutations are available in table. This paper belongs to the special issue in the Journal Molecules : The Cholinesterases - Structure, Mechanism, Function and Drug Design: The 25th Anniversary of the Solution of the Crystal Structure of Acetylcholinesterase by Joel L. Sussman and Israel Silman with the guest editors: Prof. Anthony H. Futerman, Dr. Yacov Ashani, Dr. Gabriel (Gabi) Amitai, Dr. Lev Weiner. A list of the papers is found here LIST. Structures of Galerina marginata Prolyl oligopeptidase are available (5N4B, 5N4C, 5N4D, 5N4E, 5N4F) and published by Czekster et al. Comparison of five protein engineering strategies to stabilize an alpha/beta-hydrolase is published by Jones et al.

  • October 25, 2017:

    Crystal structure of Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in a closed conformation is available (5TXF) and the retractable lid in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase is published by Manthei et al. Structure of Proline iminopeptidase from psychrophilic yeast Glaciozyma antarctica is available (5YHP) and will be soon published by Kamaruddin, Rodzli et al. Development of amide-based fluorescent probes for selective measurement of carboxylesterase 1 activity in tissue extracts is published by Kodani et al. Unique binding mode of Evogliptin with human dipeptidyl peptidase IV is published by Lee et al. and structures will be available soon (5Y7H, 5Y7J, 5Y7K) Acetylcholine and the components of the human cholinergic system in a primitive unicellular eukaryote Acanthamoeba spp. are described by Baig et al..

  • October 18, 2017:

    Crystallographic snapshots of the bacterial virulence factor epoxide hydrolase (Cif) are published by Hvorecny et al. and another structure is available (5TNR)

  • October 11, 2017:

    Crystal structure of resurrected ancestral hydroxynitrile lyase from flowering plants is available (5TDX) and will be soon published by Jones et al. (See also Rauwerdink et al.) Crystallographic snapshots of the bacterial virulence factor epoxide hydrolase (Cif) are published by Hvorecny et al. and structures are available (5TND, 5TNE, 5TNF, 5TNG, 5TNH, 5TNI, 5TNJ, 5TNK, 5TNL, 5TNM, 5TNN, 5TNP, 5TNQ, 5TNS)

  • September 27, 2017:

    Crystal structure of Malassezia globosa MgMDL2 lipase is published by Lan et al. and structure is available (5GW8). Kuatsjah et al. published that the bacterial meta-cleavage hydrolase LigY belongs to the amidohydrolase superfamily, not to the alpha/beta-hydrolase superfamily. The structures of DPP4 in complex with Vildagliptin and an analog are available (6B1E, 6B1O) and will be soon published by Berger et al. A review on molecular biology of tick acetylcholinesterases is published by Temeyer KB

  • September 22, 2017:

    Structure of Culex quinquefasciatus carboxylesterase B2 Is available (5W1U) and published by Hopkins et al.. Crystal structure of a lipase from Streptomyces sp. strain W007: implications for thermostability and regiospecificity is published by Zhao et al. and structures are available (5H6B, 5H6G). Structure and functional Analysis of ClbQ, an unusual intermediate-releasing thioesterase from the colibactin biosynthetic pathway is published by Guntaka et al. and structure is available (5UGZ). Inheritance and stability of mevinphos-resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.), with special reference to mutations of acetylcholinesterase 1 is published by Lin et al. Ylehd, an epoxide hydrolase with promiscuous haloalkane dehalogenase activity from tropical marine yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is published by Bendigiri et al. The Neurobiological Bases of Autism Spectrum Disorders The R451C-Neuroligin 3 mutation hampers the expression of long-term synaptic depression in the dorsal striatum is published by Martella et al. High-level expression and characterization of a novel cutinase from Malbranchea cinnamomea suitable for butyl butyrate production is published by Duan et al. and structure will be available soon (5X88)

  • September 13, 2017:

    Crystal structure of Candida antarctica Lipase B with active Ser105 modified with a phosphonate inhibitor is available (5GV5) and will be soon published by Park et al. Characterization and crystal structure of a novel zearalenone hydrolase from Cladophialophora bantiana is published by Hui et al. and will be available soon (5XWZ)

  • September 06, 2017:

    Mus musculus acetylcholinesterase in complex with Crystal Violet is published by Allgardsson et al. and structure is available (5OV9). Crystal structure of a lipase from Streptomyces sp. strain W007: implications for thermostability and regiospecificity is published by Zhao et al. and structures will be available soon (5H6B, 5H6G). Crystal structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and structure-activity relationships based on inhibitor profiling are published by Rea et al. and structure is available (5OLJ). Structure of Prolyl oligopeptidase from Pyrococcus furiosus is availble (5T88) and will be soon published by Ellis-Guardiola et al. Crystal structures of HaloTag (M175C), apo and in complex with dansyl-PEG2, are available (5Y2X, 5Y2Y) and published by Kang et al. Functional significance of rare neuroligin 1 variants found in autism is published by Nakanishi et al.. Christenson et al. demonstrate that OleB from bacterial hydrocarbon biosynthesis is a beta-lactone decarboxylase belonging to the haloalkane dehalogenases III family. A comprehensive functional assessment of carboxylesterase 1 nonsynonymous polymorphisms is published by Wang et al.

  • August 26, 2017:

    Hermona Soreq President of The Scientific Advisory Board of The International Symposia on Cholinergic Mechanisms informed us of the loss of Alexander George Karczmar ('Niki' to many), our elected ISCM Honorary President, who passed away peacefully at his Chicago home at the age of 100. For many of us Alex was the essence of cholinergic signalling, and personified its versatile power to send messages between tissues and organs and to connect between body and soul. Born and raised in Poland, he immigrated to the United States as a young person, and spent the bulk of his research career at the Loyola University Medical Centre in Chicago. Alex initiated his studies on the cholinergic system shortly after the second world war. His work at that time focused on the mechanism of action and damage to organs and tissues of the highly toxic anti-cholinesterase nerve agents, and he served as a consultant to the US military in developing therapeutic approaches to protect both soldiers and civilians against them. Subsequently, Alex's research interests widened, and much of his work was devoted to studying the meaning of 'self' and its association with the cholinergic signaling pathways..He made seminal contributions to cholinergic research, won numerous honours and awards, and was always outspoken and decisive in expressing his views. Alex's key efforts focused on the impact of the cholinergic system on what and who we are, and he attributed great value to his role in instigating and maintaining the triennial series of International Symposia on Cholinergic Mechanisms. He was a founding member of these meetings, an active participant for over 30 years, and, in recognition of his seminal role, was elected Honorary President of the International Advisory Board in our China meeting several years ago. Alex called his colleagues in cholinergic research 'cholinergikers', and he himself was the ultimate 'cholinergiker'! His many friends and colleagues will cherish his memory, and remember him fondly.

  • August 23, 2017:

    Structural mechanism for modulation of synaptic Neuroligin-Neurexin signaling by MDGA proteins is published by Elegheert et al. and structures are available (5OJK, 5OJ6). A paper by Thoumine and Marchot summarize the three convergent studies published in Neuron by Gangwar Kim and Elegheert on the interaction of the MAM domain-containing GPI-anchored (MDGA) protein and Neuroligin. Crystal structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and structure-activity relationships based on inhibitor profiling are published by Rea et al. and structure will soon be available (5OLJ). Structures of an archaea-like carboxylesterase preferentially expressed in the symbiotic phase of the mychorrizal fungus Tuber melanosporum are published by Cavazzini et al. and are available (5MIF; 5MII) Crystal Structure of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Aspergillus luchuensis is published by Komiya et al. and is available (5X6S). It is the first structure of the family Esterase_phb

  • August 16, 2017:

    The structure of Culex quinquefasciatus carboxylesterase B2 is available (5W1U) and will soon be published by Hopkins et al. Crystal Structure of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Aspergillus luchuensis is published by Komiya et al. and will soon be available (5X6S). It is the first structure of the family Esterase_phb. Structures of an archaea-like carboxylesterase preferentially expressed in the symbiotic phase of the mychorrizal fungus Tuber melanosporum are published by Cavazzini et al. and will soon be available (5MIF; 5MII). Identical active sites in hydroxynitrile lyases which show opposite enantioselectivity and reveal possible ancestral mechanism are published by Jones et al. Functional characterization of carboxylesterase gene mutations involved in Aphis gossypii resistance to organophosphate insecticides is published by Gong et al. The proceedings of the XVth ISCM in Marseille are available in Journal of Neurochemistry J. Neurochem. or list

  • August 09, 2017:

    Crystal structure of Sulfolobus solfataricus arylesterase is available (5L2P) and will soon be published by Lee and Park. The proceedings of the XVth ISCM in Marseille are available in Journal of Neurochemistry J. Neurochem. or list

  • August 02, 2017:

    Structure of the Pyrococcus Furiosus Esterase Pf2001 with space group P212121 is available (5LCN) and will soon be published by Varejao et al. Crystal structure of a lipase carboxylesterase from Sulfolobus islandicus is available (5LK6) and will soon be published by Schwarz-Linnet et al. A novel homozygous mutation (p.Phe40GlufsTer27) in ACP33 gene is described in the first Italian family with SPG21 Scarlato et al. Identification and characterization of ace1-type acetylcholinesterase in insecticide-resistant and -susceptible Propylaea japonica (Thunberg) is published by Wang et al.

  • July 26, 2017:

    Strcuture of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase PhaC from Chromobacterium sp. USM2 is published by Chek et al. and is available (5XAV). A paper by De Bay et al. shows that Butyrylcholinesterase-knockout reduces fibrillar beta-amyloid and conserves 18FDG retention in 5XFAD mouse model of alzheimer's Disease

  • July 19, 2017:

    Strcuture of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase PhaC from Chromobacterium sp. USM2 is published by Chek et al. and will soon be available (5XAV). Crystal structure of mutants of the uncultured bacteria esterase E40 are availble. (5GMR, 5GMS) and will soon be published by Zhang et al. Biochemical and structural analyses of two cryptic esterases in Bacteroides intestinalis and their synergistic activities with cognate xylanases are published by Wefers et al. and stucture of BiFae1B is available (5VOL)

  • July 12, 2017:

    Structures of a complex of the lactonohydrolase zearalenone hydrolase with the hydrolysis product of zearalenone at 1.6O A resolution are available (5C8Z, 5XMW) and published by Qi et al. Characterization of the fifth putative acetylcholinesterase in the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata (9arac-KU501289) has been published by Meng et al. Two Bombyx mori acetylcholinesterase genes (bommo-ACHE1, bommo-ACHE2) that influence motor control and development in different ways are published by Ye et al. Post-exposure treatment with the oxime RS194B rapidly reverses early and advanced symptoms in macaques exposed to sarin vapor is published by Rosenberg et al. Pickett et al. show that cetylcholinesterase plays a non-neuronal, non-esterase role in xenopus organogenesis. Schopfer et al. show that the C5 variant of the butyrylcholinesterase tetramer includes a noncovalently bound 60 kDa lamellipodin fragment. An efficient and sensitive tool to detect insecticide resistance-associated mutations in insect acetylcholinesterase from RNA-Seq data is pulished by Guo et al. Evolution of strigolactone receptors by gradual neo-functionalization of KAI2 paralogues is published by Bythell-Douglas et al. Regulation of calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum by the serine hydrolase ABHD2 is published by Yun et al. Structure of cutinases 1 and 2 from Thermobifida cellulosilytica are available (5LUI, 5LUJ, 5LUK, 5LUL) and published by Ribitsch et al. Structure of human neuroligin-2 in complex with MDGA1 is published by Kim et al. and structure is available (5XEQ). The evaluation of the reactivating and neuroprotective efficacy of two newly prepared bispyridinium oximes (K305, K307) in tabun-poisoned rats is published by Kassa et al.

  • July 05, 2017:

    Crystal structures of thioesterase domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Polyketide Synthase 13 in complex with novel lead are available (5V3W, 5V3X, 5V3Y, 5V3Z, 5V40, 5V41, 5V42) and published by Aggarwal et al. Crystal Structure of human MDGA1 and rat neuroligin-2 complex is available (5V5V) and published by Gangwar et al.. Structure of human neuroligin-2 in complex with MDGA1 is published in the same issue by Kim et al. and structure will soon be available (5XEQ). Crystal structure of Pelagibacterium halotolerans PE8 is available (5DWD) and published by Huo et al.

  • June 21, 2017:

    We are sorry to inform you that Doug Cerasoli passed away last thursday. We will miss him very much. Doug was a kind and generous man, always willing to help. He was also an exemplary scientist, successfully carrying out difficult and important research on cholinesterases and paroxonases. obituary Zoran Radic group communicated first purified hAChE in the Earth orbit as of last week. The link of the experiment description is at: Experiment This morning we received a series of amazing fresh photos of crystallization activation with astronaut's full view. NASA is allowing us to publicly release only the one shown in the instagram at: Insta This shows astronaut Jack Fisher holding our AChE samples in his hands and initiating crystal growth by allowing precipitant solution to mix with AChE protein solution - he is turning the valve knob. Structures of the Pyrococcus furiosus esterase Pf2001 are available (5G59, 5G5M, 5G5C) and will soon be published by Varejao et al. Crystal structure of the P228A variant of Thermotoga maritima acetyl esterase is available (5GMA) and published by Singh et al.

  • June 14, 2017:

    Crystal structure of an alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein from Burkholderia ambifaria is available (5W15) and will soon be published by Irwin et al.

  • June 08, 2017:

    The 16th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (XVIth ISCM) will be held in Rehovot, Israel, during the week starting on Sunday, December 8th, 2019, at the Weizmann Institute's Lopatie Conference Center. The International Advisory Board members welcomed the invitation to hold this conference by Lili Anglister (Hebrew University), who established a local organizing committee that includes Hermnona Soreq (Hebrew University), Abraham Fisher, Israel Silman and Joel Sussman (Weizmann Institute), Dan Frenkel (Tel Aviv University), Jackie Schiller (Technion) and Ran Zichel (Israel Institute for Biological Research)

  • May 31, 2017:

    Structure of a soluble epoxide hydrolase from Trichoderma reesei is published by Wilson et al. and structure is available (5URO) Selected articles from the proceedings of the XVth ISCM in Marseille are available as preview in Journal of Neurochemistry list

  • May 24, 2017:

    A review on strigolactone signaling in parasitic plants is published by Lumba et al. Demonstration that expression and activity of the BioH esterase of biotin synthesis is independent of genome context is published by Cao et al.

  • May 17, 2017:

    Structure of a soluble epoxide hydrolase from Trichoderma reesei is published by Wilson et al. and structure will be available soon (5URO) Proteolytic cleavage required for functional Neuroligin 2 maturation and trafficking in Drosophila is published by Tu et al.

  • May 10, 2017:

    We are very pleased to wish a Happy Birthday to 'Alex' (Alexander Karczmar), a fine, young at heart and spirit 'cholinergiker', who turned 100 this week! For those of you who did not get a chance of meeting the great mentor follow these links: Link1, Link2 and to see nice pictures of Alex with some of us, this link: Link3. The latest Newsletter is available Newsletter8. Demonstration of a conformational switch in PhaZ7 PHB depolymerase is published by Kellici et al. and structures are available (5MLX, 5MLY) Demonstration that human alpha beta hydrolase domain containing protein 11 and its yeast homolog are lipid hydrolases is published by Arya et al. A new family of protein was introduced ABHD11-Acetyl_transferase. A new complex homozygous mutation in ABHD12 responsible for PHARC syndrome is published by Lerat et al.

  • April 26, 2017:

    Crystal structure of Malassezia globosa MgMDL2 lipase is published by Lan et al. and structure will be available soon (5GW8). A novel subfamily of esterase with a homoserine transacetylase-like fold but no transferase activity is published by Li et al. and structures of Est22 and Est22 L374D are available (5JKF, 5JKJ)

  • April 19, 2017:

    Point mutations in acetylcholinesterase 1 associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens are published by Zhang et al.

  • April 12, 2017:

    Crystallographic snapshots of the bacterial virulence factor epoxide hydrolase (Cif) are published by Hvorecny et al. and structures will be available soon (5TND, 5TNE, 5TNF, 5TNG, 5TNH, 5TNI, 5TNJ, 5TNK, 5TNL, 5TNM, 5TNN, 5TNP, 5TNQ, 5TNR, 5TNS). Crystal Structure of NosK in the pathway for the biosynthesis of the side ring system of nosiheptide from Streptomyces actuosus is published by Badding et al. and is available (5V7O). Structure determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine protease Hip1 (Rv2224c) is published by Naffin-Olivos et al. and structures are available (5UGQ, 5UNO, 5UOH).

  • April 05, 2017:

    Structure of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with the N-methyl-indoxylacetate hydrolysis products is available (5IH7)and will soon be published by Pesaresi, A. and Lamba, D. Crystal structure of human DPP-IV in complex with HL1 is available (5J3J) and will soon be published by Wu et al.

  • March 29, 2017:

    Structure of haloalkane dehalogenase variant DhaA101 is available (5FLK) and will soon be published by Chaloupkova et al. High-resolution structure of a metagenome-derived esterase Est8 is available (4YPV) and is published by Pereira et al. Crystal Structure of NosK in the pathway for the biosynthesis of the side ring system of nosiheptide from Streptomyces actuosus is published by Badding et al. and will be available soon (5V7O).

  • March 22, 2017:

    Crystal structures and characterization of esterase Est25 mutants revealing improved enantioselectivity toward (S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester are published by Kim et al. and structures are availble (5IQ0, 5IQ2, 5IQ3). Selected articles from the proceedings of the XVth ISCM in Marseille are availble as preview in J. Neurochem. or view the list

  • March 15, 2017:

    Activity screening of environmental metagenomic libraries revealing novel carboxylesterase families is published by Popovic et al.. Crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase catalytic subunits of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is published by Han et al. and structure is available (5X61) X-ray crystal structure of Halotag (Haloalkane dehalogenase) are available (5UY1, 5UZX) and published by Liu et al.

  • March 08, 2017:

    Structure of Esterase 6, an odorant degrading enzyme (ODE) in Drosophila is available (5THM) and will soon be published by Younus et al. Pascale Marchot and Yves Bourne received the Trophee de l'Attractivite-Congres from the Ville de Marseille for having organized the XVth ISCM in Marseille in 2016 (Trophee_XVth_ISCM2.pdf)

  • March 01, 2017:

    Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima acetyl esterase in complex with a non-cognate substrate analog 2-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydroindol-3-yl)acetate is published by Singh et al. and structure is available (5JIB). A novel subfamily of esterase with a homoserine transacetylase-like fold but no transferase activity is published by Li et al. and structures of Est22 and Est22 L374D mutant will be available soon (5JKF, 5JKJ) Crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase catalytic subunits of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is published by Han et al. and structure will be available soon (5X61)

  • February 22, 2017:

    Structural role of a conserved active site cis proline in the Thermotoga maritima acetyl esterase from the carbohydrate esterase family 7 is published by Singh et al. and structure will be available soon (5GMA). Molecular basis of ABHD5 lipolysis activation is published by Sanders et al. "Two highly conserved ABHD5 amino acids (R299 and G328) enabled ABHD4 (ABHD4 N303R/S332G) to activate ATGL in Cos7 cells, brown adipocytes, and artificial lipid droplets. The corresponding ABHD5 mutations (ABHD5 R299N and ABHD5 G328S) selectively disrupted lipolysis without affecting ATGL lipid droplet translocation or ABHD5 interactions with perilipin proteins and ABHD5 ligands". Two recent reports from Paul Layer's group provide strong in vivo and in vitro evidences for non-neuronal roles of ACh and its components in skeletogenesis (Spieker et al. 2016, 2017). Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity and application to the identification of human butyrylcholinesterase mutants that undergo self-reactivation after inhibition by the organophosphorus agent paraoxon are published by Terekhov et al. Antisense miR-132 blockade via the AChE-R splice variant which mitigates cortical inflammation is published by Mishra et al. Esterase mutation as a mechanism of resistance to antimalarial compounds is published by Istvan et al.

  • February 15, 2017:

    Crystal Structures of pig liver esterase 5 (PLE5) is available (5FV4) and will soon be published by Werten et al.

  • February 01, 2017:

    Crystal Structures of the fluoroacetate dehalogenase RPA1163 (His280Asn/Fluoroacetate, Asp110Asn/Chloroacetate, WT/5-Fluorotryptophan, WT/Apo-No Halide, Asp110Asn/Glycolate, His280Asn/Fluoroacetate, Asp110Asn/Fluoroacetate, Asp110Asn - Apo No Halide) are published by Kim et al. and are available (5K3A, 5K3B, 5K3C, 5K3D, 5K3E, 5K3F, 5SWN, 5T4T). Crystal structure of human lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in complex with a [1.1.1]bicyclopentane- containing inhibitor at 1.91 A resolution is available (5LP1) and published by Measom et al. Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of an Esterase (EaEST) from Exiguobacterium antarcticum is published by Lee et al. and is available (5H3H)

  • January 19, 2017:

    Development of an in-vivo active reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor is published by Kosak et al. and structures are available (5DYW, 5DYY 5DYT). Structural insights of a hormone sensitive lipase homologue Est22 are published by Huang et al. and structures are available (5HC0, 5HC2, 5HC3, 5HC4, 5HC5) The latest Newsletter is available Newsletter7

  • January 11, 2017:

    Crystal structures of a hydrolase StnA at 2.2 Angstroms resolution from Streptomyces flocculus (5HDF, 5HDP) are available and are published by Qian et al. Structure of esterase (EaEST) from Exiguobacterium antarcticum is available (5H3H) and will soon be published by Lee et al. Crystal structure of the E153Q mutant of the CFTR inhibitory factor Cif containing the adducted 14,15-EET hydrolysis intermediate is available (5JYC) and published by Flitter et al.

  • January 04, 2017:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year! Enhanced alpha-Zearalenol hydrolyzing activity of a mycoestrogen-detoxifying lactonase by structure-based engineering is published by Xu et al. and structures are available (5IE4, 5IE5, 5IE6, 5IE7). Expression of acetylcholinesterase 1 is associated with brood rearing status in the honey bee, Apis mellifera is published by Kim et al.. Functional similarities between the Dictyostelium protein AprA and the human protein Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV are published by Herlihy et al.. It relates the PhoPQ_related family and the DPP-IV family. A paper by Flitter et al. shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cif sabotages the generation of host proresolving lipid mediators by rapidly hydrolyzing 14,15-EET

  • December 22, 2016:

    The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms took place October 16-20th, 2016, in Marseille, France (XVth ISCM) and was very successful. If you were there, please let us know of your appreciation and send us your pictures! (see the pictures already available at (XVth ISCM images). Development of an in-vivo active reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor is published by Kosak et al. and structures will be available soon (5DYW, 5DYY 5DYT). Structure of the Lasso peptide isopeptidase identifies a topology for processing threaded substrates is published by Chakan et al. and structures are available (5TXE, 5TXC). Fragment-Based Approach to the Development of an Orally Bioavailable Lactam Inhibitor of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is published by Woolford et al. and structures are available (5LYY, 5LZ2, 5LZ4, 5LZ5, 5LZ7, 5LZ8, 5LZ9). Planarian cholinesterase: in vitro characterization of an evolutionarily ancient enzyme to study organophosphorus pesticide toxicity and reactivation is published by Hagstrom et al.

  • December 14, 2016:

    The proceedings of the XIIth meeting on cholinesterase in Elche are available in Chemico-Biological Interactions with pagination. View the list. Potential multifunctional anti-alzheimer's agents were found and published by Kosak et al. Structure is available (5LKR)

  • December 07, 2016:

    Crystal structures of PhaC1 (Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate polymerase) from Cupriavidus necator and Ralstonia eutropha are available (5HZ2 and 5T6O) and published by Wittenborn et al. and Kim et al. Kim et al.(2) It is the first structure for a member of the PHA_synth_I family. Zheng et al. published an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold protein in the biosynthesis of thiostrepton which exhibits a dual activity for endopeptidyl hydrolysis and epoxide ring opening/macrocyclization. An atypical alpha/beta hydrolase fold revealed in the crystal structure of pimeloyl-acyl carrier protein methyl esterase BioG from Haemophilus influenzae is published by Shi et al. and structures are available (5GNG, 5H3B) These are the first structures for a member of the Duf_452 family. Crystal structures and characterization of esterase Est25 mutants revealing improved enantioselectivity toward (S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester are published by Kim et al. and structures will be available soon (5IQ0, 5IQ2, 5IQ3)

  • December 01, 2016:

    Potential multifunctional anti-alzheimer's agents were found and published by Kosak et al. Structure will be available soon (5LKR). Mutations in Acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) which increase the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to fosthiazate in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita are published by Huang et al.

  • November 24, 2016:

    The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms took place October 16-20th, 2016, in Marseille, France (XVth ISCM) and was very successful. If you were there, please let us know of your appreciation and send us your pictures! (see the pictures already available at (XVth ISCM images) A Neuroligin 2 nonsense variant associated with anxiety, autism, intellectual disability, hyperphagia, and obesity is published by Parente et al.. Crystal structure of the Esterase domain from Rhodothermus marinus Rmar_1206 protein is published by Jensen et al. and is available (5CML)

  • November 16, 2016:

    The crystal structure of a cold-adapted acylaminoacyl peptidase revealing a novel quaternary architecture based on the arm-exchange mechanism is published by Brocca et al. and structure is available (5L8S). strmu-SMU.1393C was found to be an OP scavenger Jacob et al.

  • November 09, 2016:

    Crystal structures of MSF-aged Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase as well as in complex with alkylene-linked bis-tacrine dimer (7 carbon linker) are available (5EHX, 5EI5) and will soon be published by Pesari et al.

  • November 02, 2016:

    The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms took place October 16-20th, 2016, in Marseille, France (XVth ISCM) and was very successful. If you were there, please let us know of your appreciation and send us your pictures! Structure of Est816 N-Acyl homoserine lactone degrading enzyme is available (5EGN) and will soon be published by Xie et al.

  • October 31, 2016:

    The crystal structure of Pelagibacterium halotolerans esterase PE8 is available (5DWD) and will soon be published by Li and Huang. Cocrystal structure of the human acyl protein thioesterase 2 with an isoform-selective inhibitor, ML349 and human acyl protein thioesterase 1 with an isoform-selective inhibitor, ML348 are availble (5SYN, 5SYM) and published by Won et al.

  • October 21, 2016:

    The crystal structure of a cold-adapted acylaminoacyl peptidase is published by Brocca et al. and will be available soon (5L8S)

  • October 05, 2016:

    We are sorry to inform you that one of our young colleague, Marie Trovaslet Leroy passed away October 3rd 2016. The International Award Committee, made of seven established cholinergikers, selected eight young investigators as B.P. Doctor Awardees: Gisela Andrea CAMACHO HERNANDEZ (Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico), Maria-Letizia CAMPANARI (Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, Paris, France) Rajnish KUMAR (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) Jayharsh PANCHAL (Indiana University, Bloomington, USA) Katrin RICHTER (Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Deutschland), Luis Eduardo SANTOS (Instituto de Bioquemica Medica UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Natalia VASILYEVA (Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia), Nadav YAYON (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel). The awardees will receive their commendation and plaque at an open session of the XVth ISCM (October 16-20, Marseille, France), along with a check in support of travel and meeting fees at the time of registration. Their names will be added to the listing of B.P. Doctor Young Investigator Awardees from past cholinergic neurotransmission meetings. More details available in BP Doc Flyer is available. The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms will take place October 16-20th, 2016, in Marseille, France (XVth ISCM). A new Flyer October is available with list of speakers. Crystal structure of the metagenomic carboxyl esterase MGS0156 is available (5D8M) and will soon be published by Cui et al. Crystal structure of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with a new sulfonamide inhibitor is available (5DYT) and will soon be published by Kosak et al. Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase LinB 140A+143L+177W+211L mutant (LinB86) from Sphingobium japonicum UT26 at 1.3 A resolution is available (5LKA) and published by Brezovsky et al. Structures human DPP4 in complex with new inhibitors are available (5T4B, 5T4E, 5T4F, 5T4H) and published by Pissarnitski et al. The proceedings of the XIIth meeting on cholinesterase in Elche begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • September 28, 2016:

    The structure of controlled lid-opening in Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase - a switch for activity and binding is available (5AP9) and will soon be published by Skold-Jorgensen et al. Crystal structure of the Sphingopyxin I Lasso Peptide Isopeptidase SpI-IsoP (SeMet-derived) is available (5JRK) and published by Fage et al. The functional diversity of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily in the plant kingdom is presented by Mindrebo et al.

  • September 21, 2016:

    Mus musculus acetylcholinesterase in complex with AL200 is available (5FUM) and published by Engdahl et al. Crystal structure of holo-EntF a nonribosomal peptide synthetase in the thioester-forming conformation is available (5T3D)(supersedes 4ZXJ Drake et al.)

  • September 14, 2016:

    Structure of porcine dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with 8-(3-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-7-[(2-bromophenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is published by Schnapp et al. and structure is available (5LLS). Structures of EntF, a terminal nonribosomal peptide synthetase module bound to the MbtH-Like protein YbdZ and with the non-native MbtH-Like protein PA2412 are available (5JA1, 5JA2) and published by Miller et al. Crystal structure of the Sphingopyxin I Lasso Peptide Isopeptidase SpI-IsoP is available (5JRL) and published by Fage et al.

  • September 08, 2016:

    Selective inhibitors targeting acetylcholinesterase 1 from disease-transmitting mosquitoes are published by Engdahl et al. and structure will be available soon (5FUM). A Paper by Bauché et al. shows that impaired presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter causes a congenital myasthenic syndrome with episodic apnea

  • August 23, 2016:

    We are sorry to inform you that Victor Whittaker passed away July 5th, 2016. (Victor P. Whittaker). An Obituary paper has been published by Herbert Zimmermann and Frode Fonnum (Zimmermann et al.)

  • August 17, 2016:

    Crystal structure of Epoxide Hydrolase A from Mycobacterium thermoresistibile is available (5CW2) and will soon be published by Schulz et al. Crystal structures of parasitic weed Striga hermonthica KAI2-like protein in apo state and in complex with karrikin are available (5DNU, 5DNV, 5DNW) and are published by Xu et al.

  • August 10, 2016:

    Comprehensive analysis of the Co-structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitor is published by Nojima et al..

  • August 03, 2016:

    Two important papers on DWARF14 the hormone receptor for strigolactone are published by de Saint Germain et al. and Yao et al. and the paper by Yao reveals a new structure(5HZG) .

  • July 27, 2016:

    Crystal structure of the Esterase domain from Rhodothermus marinus Rmar_1206 protein is available (5CML) and will soon be published by Marles-Wright. Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with paraoxon in the unaged state (predominant acyl loop conformation) is available (5HF5) and published by Franklin et al. Human acetylcholinesterase design is available (5HQ3) and published by Goldenzweig et al. Discovery and structure-activity relationships of a highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor by structure-based virtual screening is published by Dighe et al. and stucture is available (5K5E)

  • July 20, 2016:

    Discovery of a Selective Covalent Inhibitor of Lysophospholipase-like 1 (LYPLAL1) is published by Ahn et al. and structure is available (5KRE) Discovery and structure-activity relationships of a highly selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor by structure-based virtual screening is published by Dighe et al. and stucture will be available soon (5K5E). A mutation in AutA related to enhanced heterologous protein production in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae is described by .Jin et al. .

  • July 13, 2016:

    Crystal structure and activity profiles of carboxylesterase from the ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeon Nitrososphaera gargenis is available (5A62) and will soon be published by Chow et al. Crystal structure of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with SYR-472 is available (5KBY) and published by Grimshaw et al..

  • June 29, 2016:

    Two new acetylcholinesterases in the pond wolf spider (Pardosa pseudoannulata) are published by Meng et al.. Association between RAPH1 gene haplotypes and CHE2 locus phenotypes is described by De Andrade et al.. The proceedings of the XIIth meeting on cholinesterase in Elche begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • June 23, 2016:

    Structural insights of a hormone sensitive lipase homologue Est22 are published by (Huang et al.) and structures will be available soon (5HC0, 5HC2, 5HC3, 5HC4, 5HC5). Evolution of protein quaternary structure in response to selective pressure for increased thermostability is published by Fraser et al. and revised structure is available (5IKX replaces 4FG5). Mapping the accessible conformational landscape of an insect carboxylesterase is published by Correy et al. and more structures are available (5IVH, 5IVK). Crystal structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with paraoxon HI-6 and 2-PAM are published by Franklin et al. and are available (5HF6, 5HF8, 5HF9, 5HFA). ABHD17A, 17B, and 17C, are identified as the physiological PSD-95 (the most abundant postsynaptic density scaffolding protein) depalmitoylating enzymes in neurones (Yokoi et al.)

  • June 15, 2016:

    Mapping the accessible conformational landscape of an insect carboxylesterase using conformational ensemble analysis and kinetic crystallography is published by Correy et al. and structures are available (5IVD, 5IVI, 5CH3, 5CH5) Structural and thermodynamic characterization of protein-ligand interactions formed between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and inhibitors is published by Liu et al. and structures are available (5I8P, 5I9I) The proceedings of the XIIth meeting on cholinesterase in Elche begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • June 08, 2016:

    Structure of human DPP4 in complex with a novel tricyclic hetero-cycle inhibitor is available (5I7U) and published by Wu et al.

  • June 01, 2016:

    Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase (DccA) from Caulobacter crescentus is available (5ESR) and published by Carlucci et al. Structural Insights into an oxalate-producing serine hydrolase with an unusual oxyanion hole and additional lyase activity is published by Oh et al.. Structures are availeble (5IKY, 5IKZ) . We have not yet created a family for this very divergent enzyme.

  • May 25, 2016:

    Mapping the accessible conformational landscape of an insect carboxylesterase using conformational ensemble analysis and kinetic crystallography is published by Correy et al. and structures will bee available soon (5IVD, 5IVI, 5IVH, 5IVK, 5CH3, 5CH5) together with structures already available (4QWM, 4UBI, 4UBJ, 4UBK, 4UBL, 4UBM, 4UBN, 4UBO, 4W1Q, 4W1P, 4W1R, 4W1S ) Exploitation of a novel binding pocket in human lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) discovered through X-ray fragment screening is published by Woolford et al. and structures are available (5JAD, 5JAH, 5JAL, 5JAN, 5JAO, 5JAP, 5JAR, 5JAS, 5JAT, 5JAU) Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Acetyl Esterase TM0077 (apo structure and a loop truncation variant) are published by Singh et al. and are available (5HFN, 5FDF). Structural and biochemical characterisation of Archaeoglobus fulgidus esterase reveals a bound CoA molecule in the vicinity of the active site is published by Sayer et al. and is available (5FRD). Crystal structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae monoglyceride lipase Yju3p are published by Aschauer et al. and are available (4ZWN, 4ZXF).

  • May 18, 2016:

    Crystal structures of the CFTR inhibitory factor Cif bound to an amide, an urea and KB2115 inhibitors are available (5HKA, 5HKB, 5HK9) and published by Kitamura et al. High-resolution structure of a metagenome-derived esterase Est8 is available (4YPV) and will soon be published by Pereira et al. Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima acetyl esterase in complex with a non-cognate substrate analog 2-(2-oxo-1,3-dihydroindol-3-yl)acetate is published by Singh et al. and will be available soon (5JIB ). Crystal structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with paraoxon HI-6 and 2-PAM are published by Franklin et al. and will be available soon (5HF5, 5HF6, 5HF8, 5HF9, 5HFA)

  • May 11, 2016:

    Structural and biochemical characterisation of Archaeoglobus fulgidus esterase reveals a bound CoA molecule in the vicinity of the active site is published by Sayer et al. and structure will be available soon (5FRD). Structure of a prereaction complex between the nerve agent sarin, its biological target acetylcholinesterase, and the antidote HI-6 is published by Allgardsson et al. and structures are available (5FPP, 5FPQ).Structure of human DPP4 in complex with a novel 5,5,6-tricyclic pyrrolidine inhibitor is availble (5ISM) and published by Cox et al..

  • May 09, 2016:

    Crystal structures of LAE6, MGS-MilE3, MGS-MChE2,alpha/beta hydrolase enzymes from the metagenome of Lake Arreo, Spain, Milazzo Harbor Italy and lagoon of Mar Chica, Morocco are available (5JD5, 5JD4, 5JD6) and will soon be published by Martinez-Martinez et al. Crystal structure of methylesterase family member 16 (MES16) from Arabidopsis thaliana is available (5HK8) and published by Li et al. Structure of a prereaction complex between the nerve agent sarin, its biological target acetylcholinesterase, and the antidote HI-6 is published by Allgardsson et al. and structures will be available soon (5FPP, 5FPQ). Vieyres et al. showed that ABHD5/CGI-58, the Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome protein, mobilises lipid stores for Hepatitis C virus production. Kitamura et al. published rational design of potent and selective inhibitors of an epoxide hydrolase virulence factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

  • April 27, 2016:

    Crystal structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae monoglyceride lipase Yju3p is published by Aschauer et al. and is available soon (4ZWN). Contributions of a unique beta-clamp to substrate recognition illuminates the molecular basis of exolysis in ferulic acid esterase is published by Gruninger et al. and structures (5CXU, 5CXX) are available. Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Acetyl Esterase TM0077 is published by Singh et al. and is available (5FDF). Crystal structure of methylesterase family member 16 (MES16) from Arabidopsis thaliana is published by Li et al. and will be available soon (5HK8). A study by Wei et al. shows that ABHD6 negatively regulates the surface delivery and synaptic function of AMPA receptors independantly of hydrolase activity.

  • April 20, 2016:

    Crystal structure of a carboxylesterase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris responsible for depolymerisation of polylactic acid and other polyesters is available (4PSU) and published by Hajighasemi et al.. It is the first structure of this family. Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima Acetyl Esterase TM0077 (apo structure and a loop truncation variant) are published by Singh et al. and will be available soon (5HFN, 5FDF). A lipase like protein: yeast-yfd4 Mil1(Yfl034w) specifically binds Apm2, one of the adaptor protein of (AP) complexes responsible for binding clathrin, cargo-sorting motifs, accessory factors, and membrane lipids. The paper by Whitfield et al. is the first description of a function for a member of the Duf_726 family. The same protein had been shown to interact with the ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 Aruna et al.. The proceedings of the XIIth meeting on cholinesterase in Elche begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • April 13, 2016:

    Conformational diversity and enantioconvergence in potato epoxide hydrolase is published by Bauer et al. and new structures are available (4UFN, 4UFO, 4UFP, 4UHB) some will soon be published by Carlsson et al. and Nilsson et al. Crystal structure of S-hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta (His103Leu) is available (4YK7) and will soon be published by Dadashipour et al. The proceedings of the XII th meeting on cholinesterase in Elche begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • April 06, 2016:

    Contributions of a unique beta-clamp to substrate recognition illuminates the molecular basis of exolysis in ferulic acid esterase is published by Gruninger et al. and structures (5CXU, 5CXX) will be available soon. Seven new mutations in the BCHE gene, responsible for prolonged effect of succinylcholine or mivacurium are described by Wichmann et al.

  • March 30, 2016:

    The impact of crystallization conditions on structure-based drug design: a case study on the Methylene Blue/Acetylcholinesterase complex is published by Dym et al. and structures are available (5E4T, 5DPL, 5E2I, 5E4J). Structure of a new cold-active and salt-tolerant esterase from the marine bacterium Thalassospira sp.is published by De Santi et al. and is available (4V2I)

  • March 23, 2016:

    The impact of crystallization conditions on structure-based drug design: a case study on the Methylene Blue/Acetylcholinesterase complex is published by Dym et al. and structures will be available soon (5E4T, 5DPL, 5E2I, 5E4J). BODYGUARD required for the biosynthesis of cutin in Arabidopsis is published by Jakobson et al.. Neuromuscular junction immaturity and muscle atrophy are hallmarks of the ColQ-deficient mouse, a model of congenital myasthenic syndrome with acetylcholinesterase deficiency and is published by Sigoillot et al..Alpha/beta-Hydrolase domain 6 deletion (family ABHD6-Lip) induces adipose browning and prevents obesity and type 2 diabetes and is published by Zhao et al..

  • March 16, 2016:

    Crystal structure of mouse acetylcholinesterase in complex with C-547, an alkyl ammonium derivative of 6-methyl uracil is published by Kharlamova et al. and is available (5FKJ). Crystal structure of Homo sapiens fatty acid synthetase, thioesterase domain at 1.7 Angstroms resolution is available (4Z49) and publishe by Park et al.

  • March 09, 2016:

    Conformational disorganization within the active site of a recently evolved organophosphate hydrolase limits its catalytic efficiency is published by Mabbitt et al. and structure of Lucilia cuprina alpha esterase 7: Gly137Asp (5C8V) is available.

  • March 02, 2016:

    Crystal structure of the Manihot esculenta hydroxynitrile lyase (MeHNL) 3KP (K176P, K199P, K224P) triple mutant is available (3X3H) and will soon be published by Cielo et al. The nature of activated non-classical hydrogen bonds: a case study on acetylcholinesterase-ligand complexes is published by Berg et al. and structure of acetylcholinesterase in complex with C7653 (5FOQ) is available. Fragment screening of soluble epoxide hydrolase for lead generation-structure-based hit evaluation is published by Xue et al. and ligand (SZC) complex structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase (5FP0) is available. Crystal structure of mouse acetylcholinesterase in complex with C-547, an alkyl ammonium derivative of 6-methyl uracil is published by Kharlamova et al. and will be available soon (5FKJ)

  • February 24, 2016:

    Structure of an esterase from anaerobic Clostridium hathewayi which can hydrolyze aliphatic aromatic polyesters is published by Perz et al. and is available (5A2G). A highly selective and nanomolar carbamate-based Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor is described by Sawatzky et al.. The mutation (p.Phe362Tyr, in Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) ace1 responsible for resistance against the organophosphate azamethiphos is confirmed by Kaur et al.

  • February 17, 2016:

    The crystal structure of an epoxide hydrolase from Streptomyces carzinostaticus subsp. neocarzinostaticus is available (5F4Z) and will soon be published by Tan et al. Structure of an esterase from anaerobic Clostridium hathewayi which can hydrolyze aliphatic aromatic polyesters is published by Perz et al. and will be available soon (5A2G). Crystal structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae monoglyceride lipase Yju3p are published by Aschauer et al. and will be available soon (4ZWN, 4ZXF). A new OP hydrolase: Crystal structure of dienelactone hydrolase-like promiscuous phospotriesterase P91 from metagenomic libraries is available (4ZI5) and published by Colin et al.

  • February 03, 2016:

    Crystal Structures of four domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase (only the fourth domain is an alha/beta hydrolase) from Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli are available (4ZXH, 4ZXI, 5T3D superseed 4ZXJ) and published by Drake et al. Crystal structure of a cloned feruloyl esterase from a soil metagenomic library is available (4ZRS) and published by Cao et al.

  • January 27, 2016:

    Multiple mutations on the second acetylcholinesterase gene associated with dimethoate resistance in the Melon Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are published by Lokeshwari et al. Multiple mutations in the acetylcholinesterase 3 gene associated with organophosphate resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks from Punjab, India are published by Jyoti et al.

  • January 21, 2016:

    The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms is now scheduled for October 16-20th, 2016, Marseille, France (XVth ISCM). Visualizing the mechanism of epoxide hydrolysis by the bacterial virulence enzyme Cif is published by Bahl et al. and structures of mutants with substrate, covalent intermediate or product are available (4DMC, 4DNF, 4EHB, 4DNO, 4EUS). Structures of an acetylester hydrolase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (5D7B, 5D6O) and of the acetyl esterase MekB (5EFZ, 5E4Y) are available and define a new family of bacterial enzymes homologous to L-homoserine O-acetyl transferases (Homoserine_transacetylase_like_est). This new family is published by Toelzer et al... Steric and dynamic parameters influencing in situ cycloadditions to form triazole inhibitors with crystalline acetylcholinesterase are published by Bourne et al. and structures (5EHN, 5EHQ, 5EIH, 5EIA, 5EIE, 5EHZ) are available. Crystal structure of mouse acetylcholinesterase inhibited by DFP (5HCU) is available and published by Katz et al.. The Type II Secreted Lipase/Esterase LesA is a key virulence factor required for Xylella fastidiosa pathogenesis in grapevines and is published by Nascimento et al.

  • January 13, 2016:

    Steric and dynamic parameters influencing in situ cycloadditions to form triazole inhibitors with crystalline acetylcholinesterase are published by Bourne et al. and structures will be available soon. Structure of a new cold- active and salt tolerant esterase from the marine bacterium Thalassospira sp (4V2I) is available and will soon be published by Santi et al. Crystal and molecular structure of hexagonal form of lipase B from Candida antarctica is published by Strzelczyk et al. and structure (4ZV7) is available. Structures and Activity of Glycosylated and Aglycosylated Human Carboxylesterase 1 are available (5A7F, 5A7G, 5A7G) and published by Arena de Souza et al.

  • January 06, 2016:

    Crystal and molecular structure of hexagonal form of lipase B from Candida antarctica is published by Strzelczyk et al. and structure (4ZV7) will be available soon

  • December 30, 2015:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year! New features of inhibitors include InChI, InChI Key, Canonical SMILES, and links to PubChem and UniChem at ChEMBL

  • December 23, 2015:

    We wish you a merry Christmas!! Crystal structures of haloalkane dehalogenase LinB32 (L177W) and LinB86 (140A+143L+177W+211L) mutants from Sphingobium japonicum UT26 are available (4WDQ, 4WDR) and will soon be published by Degtjarik et al. Structure of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase in complex with a tacrine-nicotinamide hybrid inhibitor is available (4X3C) and will soon be published by Pesari and Lamba

  • December 16, 2015:

    Structures of an acetylester hydrolase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (5D7B, 5D6O) and of the acetyl esterase MekB (5EFZ, 5E4Y) are available and define a new family of bacterial enzymes homologous to L-homoserine O-acetyl transferases. This will soon be published by Toelzer et al. Crystal structure of human thioesterase 2 (OLAH) is available (4XJV) and published by Ritchie et al. Structures of glycosylated and aglycosylated human carboxylesterase 1 are published by Arena de Souza et al. and will be available soon (5A7G, 5A7H, 5A7F) Congratulation to Israel Silman on the occasion of his 80th birthday. The symposium in his honor at the Weizmann Institute of Science December 9-11. was a success (Program)

  • December 09, 2015:

    Structure of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase in complex with a tacrine-benzofuran hybrid inhibitor is available (4W63) and published by Zha et al.. Structures of a novel thermophilic esterase from the Planctomycetes species, Thermogutta terrifontis are published by Sayer et al. and are available (5AO9, 5AOA, 5AOB, 5AOC) Crystal structures of the thioesterase domain of deoxyerythronolide B synthase are available (5D3K, 5D3Z) and published by Argyropoulos et al. Orthorhombic crystal structure of an acetylester hydrolase from Corynebacterium glutamicum is available (5D6O) and soon published by Toelzer et al.

  • December 02, 2015:

    Probing the roles of two tryptophans surrounding the unique zinc coordination site in lipase family I.5 is published by Timucin et al. and structure (5CE5) is now available The program of the symposium in honor of Israel Silman's 80th birthday which will take place at the Weizmann Institute of Science December 9-11. is available (Program)

  • November 27, 2015:

    Crystal Structure of phospholipase A 1 from hornet (Vespa basalis) venom is available (4QNN) and is published by Hou et al. We are pleased to announce: From Toxins to Therapeutics: A Symposium in Honor of Palmer Taylor - Scientist, Scholar, Mentor, and Dean will take place at The UC San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) January 14-15, 2016 (Link)

  • November 18, 2015:

    Probing the roles of two tryptophans surrounding the unique zinc coordination site in lipase family I.5.is published by Timucin et al. and structure (5CE5) will soon be available

  • November 11, 2015:

    Structure of EstA from Clostridium botulinum is available (5AH1) and published by Perz et al..

  • November 04, 2015:

    Structure of a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-hydrolyzing lipase from Pelosinus fermentans is available (5AH0) and published by Biundo et al.. Crystallographic Investigation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effects on Bacillus subtilis lipase A (lipA) and an IL stable variant (QM-lipA) is published by Nordwald et al. and structures are available (5CRI, 5CT4, 5CT4, 5CT5, 5CT6, 5CT8, 5CT9, 5CTA, 5CUR). The alpha/beta hydrolase domain of Vibrio cholerae large MARTX toxin (vibch-rtxAABH) is a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-specific phospholipase A1 which inhibits autophagy and endosomal trafficking as shown by Agarwal et al.

  • October 28, 2015:

    Crystal structure of an esterase RhEst1 from Rhodococcus sp. ECU1013 is available (4RNC) and published by Luan et al.. Crystal structure of rice DWARF14 in complex with synthetic strigolactone GR24 is available (5DJ5) and published by Zhao et al.

  • October 21, 2015:

    A ceremony for delivery of the first B.P. Doctor Young Investigator Awards (XVth ISCM) was held during the 12th Meeting on Cholinesterases/Sixth International Conference on Paraoxonases in Elche. There were 26 applicants, and the committee was able to award five of them (Satish N. Dighe, Drew R. DeBay, Maja Katalinic, Rahul Sharma, Nir Waiskopf) (Photo 1, Photo 2). Each awardee received a metal engraved plaque on walnut, a certificate of the honor and a check covering their travel expenses. The organization committee voted unanimously to continue the award at other cholinesterase and cholinergic meetings in the future, so that the tradition and legacy will live on. Structures of open and closed states of Candida antarctica Lipase B: protonation and the mechanism of interfacial activation are available (5A71, 5A6V) and published by Stauch et al.. Crystal structure of the strigolactone receptor ShHTL5 from Striga hermonthica is available (5CBK) and published by Toh et al.. New Classes of Compounds that Reactivate Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphates are published by Katz et al. and structures are available (5DTG, 5DTI, 5DTJ)

  • October 14, 2015:

    A truncating mutation (T271fs_human-NLGN1) in Alzheimer's disease inactivating neuroligin-1 synaptic function is described by Tristan-Clavijo et al.. Structures of open and closed states of Candida antarctica Lipase B: protonation and the mechanism of interfacial activation are published by Stauch et al. and will be available soon (5A71, 5A6V). The list of participants to the 12th Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the Sixth International Conference on Paraoxonases (12th ChE) is slowly updated (192 participants) and photos added pic

  • October 07, 2015:

    The 12th Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the Sixth International Conference on Paraoxonases took palce (27 Sept - 2 Oct 2015), Elche (Alicante) , Spain. It was a tremendous success thanks to Jorge Estevez , Miguel Angel Sogorb, Eugenio Vilanova from the Toxicology Unit . Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche (Alicante, Spain). With close to 200 participants from 27 countries, it will remain as a hallmark in the field. Visit the web site: 12th ChE for program and more. The next meeting is scheduled in 2018 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic. Before that we are all waiting you at The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms September 25-29th, 2016, Marseille, France (XVth ISCM)

  • September 23, 2015:

    The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms is now scheduled for September 25-29th, 2016, Marseille, France (XVth ISCM). Structures of product-bound SMG1 lipase:mutants and active site gating implications are published by Guo et al. and are available soon (4ZRD, 4ZRE). Crystallographic Investigation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquid Effects on Bacillus subtilis lipase A (lipA) and an IL stable variant (QM-lipA) is published by Nordwald et al. and structures will be available soon (5CRI, 5CT4, 5CT4, 5CT5, 5CT6, 5CT8, 5CT9, 5CTA, 5CUR) New Classes of Compounds that Reactivate Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphates are published by Katz et al. and structures will soon be available (5DTG, 5DTI, 5DTJ) The COLQ missense mutation in Sphynx and Devon Rex Cats with Congenital myasthenic syndrome is described independently by Gandolfi et al. The latest Newsletter is available Newsletter5

  • September 16, 2015:

    The 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms is now scheduled for September 25-29th, 2016 , Marseille, France (XVth ISCM). Structure of an H300N mutant of potato epoxide hydrolase, StEH1 is published by Amrein et al. and is available (4Y9S). Structures of product-bound SMG1 lipase:mutants and active site gating implications are published by Guo et al. and will be available soon (4ZRD, 4ZRE). Solution structure of the lipid droplet anchoring peptide of CGI-58 bound to DPC micelles is available (5A4H) and published by Boeszoermenyi et al. Structural and functional analysis of a low-temperature-active alkaline esterase from South China Sea marine sediment microbial metagenomic library is published by Hu et al. and structure is available (4RGY) A point mutation in the acetylcholinesterase-1 gene associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in the plant bug Apolygus lucorum (A216S) is published by Wu et al.

  • September 09, 2015:

    The final programme of 12th Meeting on Cholinesterases together with the Sixth International Conference on Paraoxonases (27 Sept - 2 Oct 2015), Elche (Alicante) , Spain is available: Visit the web site: 12th ChE. Structure of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase in complex with a tacrine-benzofuran hybrid inhibitor is available (4W63) and will soon be published by Paresi et al. A conformational change in the peripheral anionic site of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase induced by a Bis-imidazolium Oxime (2BIM-7, Ortho-7) is published by Legler et al. and structures are available (5BWB; 5BWC). PRIMA1 mutation: a new cause of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is published by Hildebrand et al. A COLQ missense mutation in Sphynx and Devon Rex Cats with Congenital myasthenic syndrome is described by Abitbol et al. A rationally designed mutant (W298H) of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (human-PLA2G7) which hydrolyzes the organophosphorus nerve agent soman is published by Kirby et al.

  • August 26, 2015:

    Crystal structure of Fusarium oxysporum cutinase is published by Dimarogona et al. and is available (5AJH)

  • August 19, 2015:

    More kinetic crystallography structures of alphaE7-carboxylesterse from Lucilia cuprina are available (4UBI, 4UBJ, 4UBK, 4UBL, 4UBM, 4UBN, 4UBO, 4W1P, 4W1Q, 4W1R, 4W1S) and will soon be published by Jackson et al.

  • August 05, 2015:

    Convergent evolution of the KAI2d genes of Orobanchaceae parasitic plants toward similar strigolactone recognition site of D14 is described by Conn et al.. Parasitic seeds germinate after sensing plant hormones, strigolactones, exuded from host roots.D14 KAI2d genes belong to the RsbQ-like family.

  • July 29, 2015:

    The number of structures of alpha/beta hydrolases reached 1500 this week !! We are pleased to announce a symposium in honor of Israel Silman's 80th birthday which will take place at the Weizmann Institute of Science December 9-11. . High resolution crystal structures of Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT)are available (4XWG, 4XX1) and published by Piper et al. A 2.00 Angstrom resolution crystal structure of an uncharacterized protein from Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai is available (4ZV9) and will soon be published by Halavaty et al. Dell-Kuster et al. identified three novel butyrylcholinesterase variants as risk factors for a prolonged neuromuscular block following succinylcholine administration: (p.Ile5Thr; p.Val178Ile; and p.Try231Ser.)

  • July 22, 2015:

    Kinetic crystallography of alphaE7-carboxylesterse from Lucilia cuprina. Absorbed X-ray dose 1.85 MGy is available (4QWM) and and will soon be published by Jackson et al. High resolution crystal structures of Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) are published by Piper et al. and will be available soon (4XWG, 4XX1)

  • July 15, 2015:

    X-ray structure of human butyrylcholinesterase complex with 3-pyridin-4-yl-2,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-.C.]pyrazole is published by Knez et al. and is available (4XII). Inhibiting an epoxide hydrolase virulence factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa protects CFTR is published by Bahl et al. and structure of the CFTR inhibitory factor Cif bound to tiratricol is available (4YX9). Crystal Structure of human DPP-IV in complex with Anagliptin is available (3WQH) and published by Watanabe et al.

  • July 01, 2015:

    Crystal Structure of phospholipase A 1 from hornet (Vespa basalis) venom is available (4QNN) and will soon be published by Chuang et al. X-ray structure of human butyrylcholinesterase complex with 3-pyridin-4-yl-2,4-dihydro-indeno[1,2-.C.]pyrazole is published by Knez et al. and will soon be available (4XII). Structural insights into the substrate specificity of two esterases from the thermophilic Rhizomucor miehei are published by Yang et al. and structures are available (4WY5, 4WY8)

  • June 10, 2015:

    Structures of a thermophilic esterase from a new Planctomycetes species Thermogutta terrifontis are published by Sayer et al. and are available (4UHC, 4UHD, 4UHE, 4UHF, 4UHH). Crystal Structures of lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T6 are published by Dror et al. and are available (4X85, 4X6U, 4X71, 4X7B). Crystal structure of a putative epoxide hydrolase (KPN_01808) from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 at 1.60 A resolution is availble (5BOV) and will soon be published by Joint center for structural genomics

  • June 03, 2015:

    Structures of a thermophilic esterase from a new Planctomycetes species Thermogutta terrifontis are published by Sayer et al. and will be available soon (4UHC, 4UHD, 4UHE, 4UHF, 4UHH). Crystal Structures of lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T6 are published by Dror et al. and will be available soon (4X85, 4X6U, 4X71, 4X7B). Structure of unknown protein lpg2422 from Legionella pneumophila had been omitted and is now included (4M0M) and will soon be published by Tan et al. New ligands of Neuroligin are described by Tu et al. and Maro et al.

  • May 13, 2015:

    Successful generation of structural information for fragment-based drug discovery including a large number of human soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with ligands is published by Oster et al. and structures are available (5ALD, 5ALE, 5ALF, 5ALG, 5ALH, 5ALI, 5ALJ, 5ALK, 5ALL, 5ALM, 5ALN, 5ALO, 5ALP, 5ALQ, 5ALR, 5ALS, 5ALT, 5ALU, 5ALV, 5ALW, 5ALX, 5ALY, 5ALZ, 5AM0, 5AM1, 5AM2, 5AM3, 5AM4, 5AM5, 5AKX, 5AKY, 5AKZ, 5AKE, 5AKG, 5AKH, 5AKI, 5AKJ, 5AKK, 5AKL, 5AK3, 5AK4, 5AK5, 5AK6, 5AI4, 5AI5, 5AI6, 5AI8, 5AI9, 5AIA, 5AIB, 5AIC, 5AI0, 5AHX) A paper by Venkatesh et al. shows that neuronal activity promotes glioma growth through Neuroligin-3 secretion. A few structures had been omitted and are now available: human cathepsin A (4MWT, 4MWS, 4CI9) published by Kolli et al. and Schreuder et al. Crystal structure of uncharacterised protein Coch_1243 from Capnocytophaga ochracea DSM 7271 (4W9R) will soon be published by Chang et al. Crystal structure of the N-Formylmaleamic acid deformylase Nfo(S94A) from Pseudomonas putida S16 (4L0C) published by Wu et al. prompted us to create a new family (NFM-deformylase)

  • May 06, 2015:

    The 4th quarterly ESTHER database newsletter is available (Newsletter4) Identification of N-ethylmethylamine as a novel scaffold for inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase by crystallographic fragment screening is published by Amano et al and structures are available (4Y2X, 4Y2V, 4Y2U, 4Y2T, 4Y2S, 4Y2R, 4Y2Q, 4Y2P, 4Y2J, 4Y2Y). Structure of untreated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa at 2.3 A resolution is available (4ZGB) and will soon be published by Kumar et al.

  • April 29, 2015:

    Pr. Palmer Taylor announced that the B.P. Doctor Travel Awards from scientific colleagues and family friends of "Doc." can fund five young investigators at $1,000 each, which will cover their registration funds, housing and perhaps a bit of travel for the next Cholinesterase meeting in Elche, Spain next September. The stipulations are that the investigators are young: student, postdoc, beginning faculty without funds. There must also be a reasonable geographic distribution of the awardees with attention accorded to those applicants without access to funding. Awardees will be selected on the basis of their abstract and track record. They will receive the award (check and plaque) at the meeting, and be asked to give a short scientific presentation. More information can be found at 12th ChE. Structures of the complex of pOPH S172A with pNPB, DMSO and PEG deciphering the role of disulfide bond in the variable lid region of oxidized polyvinyl alcohol hydrolase, are available (3WWC, 3WWD, 3WWE) and published by Yang et al. Crystal structures of human bifunctional epoxide hydroxylase 2 complexed with ligands are availble (4C4X, 4C4Y, 4C4Z) and published by Pilger et al. Successful generation of structural information for fragment-based drug discovery including a large number of human soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with ligands is published by Oster et al. and structures will be available soon. At last we modified the obsolete nomenclature of AChE and BChE genes and families: giving up BuChE for the standard BCHE and replacing acche by ACHE. The accession ID for human acetylcholinesterase is human-ACHE and not human-acche.

  • April 22, 2015:

    A mutation (p.Phe362Tyr, torpedo_number: 331) found in one of the two copies of ace1 (lepsm-ACHE1A) in Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) playing a role in resistance against the organophosphate azamethiphos is described by Kaur et al. Associations of ABHD2 genetic variations with risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a chinese Han population is described by Liu et al. A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel bispyridinium oximes (K727, K733) is published by Kassa et al.. Structure of Haloalkane dehalogenase DmrA from Mycobacterium rhodesiae JS60 is available (4MJ3) and published by Fung et al.

  • April 15, 2015:

    Identification of N-ethylmethylamine as a novel scaffold for inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase by crystallographic fragment screening is published by Amano et al and structures will soon be available (4Y2X, 4Y2V, 4Y2U, 4Y2T, 4Y2S, 4Y2R, 4Y2Q, 4Y2P, 4Y2J, 4Y2Y). Catalytic soman scavenging by Y337A/F338A acetylcholinesterase mutant assisted with novel site-directed aldoximes is published by Kovarik et al. Interaction of prion protein with acetylcholinesterase: potential pathobiological implications in prion diseases. is published by Torrent et al.

  • April 08, 2015:

    Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase is available (4PQE) and will soon be published by Dym et al. Structures of human soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with a three substituted cyclopropane derivative and with a cyclopropyl urea derivative are published by Takai et al and are available (4X6X, 4X6Y).

  • April 01, 2015:

    Crystal structure of an esterase from the bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family E40 in complex with PMSF is published by Li et al and is available (4XVC). Crystal structure of MGS-MT1 an alpha/beta hydrolase enzyme from a Medee basin deep-sea metagenome library is available (4Q3O) and published by Alcaide et al.

  • March 25, 2015:

    Structures and function of lysosomal phospholipase A2,as well as low resolution crystal structure of Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT; residues 21-397) are published by Glukhova et al. and are available (4X93, 4X95, 4X96), Crystal structure of an esterase from the bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family E40 in complex with PMSF is published by Li et al and will be available soon (4XVC). Human soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with a cyclopropyl urea derivative is published by Takai et al and will be available soon (4X6Y). An important paper on new enzymes Basauri-Molina et al

  • March 18, 2015:

    Crystal structure of an esterase from the bacterial hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family E40 in complex with PMSF is published by Li et al and will be available soon (4XVC). Cocrystal structure of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 with an indole scaffold inhibitor is available (4PV7) and published by Xiao et al. Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase 10 (DPPY): a modulator of neuronal Kv4 channels, is published by Bezerra et al and is available (4WJL). Novel mutations on the ace-1 gene of the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus are published by Liebman et al.

  • March 11, 2015:

    Structures and function of lysosomal phospholipase A2 are published by Glukhova et al. and are available (4X90, 4X91,4X92, 4X94, 4X97). Crystal structure of alpha/beta hydrolase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 is availble (4PSU) and will soon be published by Nocek et al. Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase 10 (DPPY): a modulator of neuronal Kv4 channels, is published by Bezerra et al and will be available soon (4WJL). Crystal structures of the substrate-bound and scavenger states of acylaminoacyl peptidase are available (4RE5, 4RE6) and published by Menyhard et al. The provisional program of the 12th ChE-6PON meeting is available

  • March 06, 2015:

    Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase 10 (DPPY): a modulator of neuronal Kv4 channels, is published by Bezerra et al and will be available soon (4WJL)

  • March 04, 2015:

    Structures of the human and drosophila wnt deacetylase notum (4UYU, 4UYW, 4UYZ, 4UZ1, 4UZ5, 4UZ6, 4UZ7, 4UZ9, 4UZA, 4UZJ, 4UZK, 4UZL, 4UZQ, 4WBH) are available and published by Kakugawa et al. Structures and function of lysosomal phospholipase A2 and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase are published by Glukhova et al. and will be available soon (4X90, 4X91,4X92, 4X93, 4X94, 4X95, 4X96, 4X97) The provisional program of the 12th ChE-6PON meeting is available

  • February 25, 2015:

    Structures of the human and drosophila wnt deacetylase notum (4UYU, 4UYW, 4UYZ, 4UZ1, 4UZ5, 4UZ6, 4UZ7, 4UZ9, 4UZA, 4UZJ, 4UZK, 4UZL, 4UZQ, 4WBH) are available and will soon be published by Kakugawa et al. Structure of Haloalkane dehalogenase DmrA from Mycobacterium rhodesiae JS60 is available (4MJ3) and will soon be published by Fung et al. Crystal structures of MGS-M1 MGS-M2, alpha/beta hydrolase enzymes from a Medee basin deep-sea metagenome library are available (4Q3L) and published by Alcaide et al. Structure of an Alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein from Nakamurella multipartita is available and will soon be published by Cuff et al.

  • February 11, 2015:

    Structure of three phase partition - treated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa in complex with lauric acid at 2.1 A resolution is available (4S0X) and will soon be published by Kumar et al.

  • February 04, 2015:

    A recent paper by Chen et al. shows that plasma butyrylcholinesterase regulates ghrelin to control aggression

  • January 28, 2015:

    Crystal structures of the substrate-bound and scavenger states of acylaminoacyl peptidase are available (4RE5, 4RE6) and will soon be published by Menyhard et al.

  • January 21, 2015:

    Crystal structure of human mono-glyceride lipase in complex with SAR127303 is availbale (4UUQ) and published by Griebel et al.

  • January 07, 2015:

    Crystal structure of cold-active esterase from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5T is available (4NS4) and will soon be published by Boyko et al.

  • December 31, 2014:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year

  • December 24, 2014:

    We wish you a merry Christmas!! Crystal structure of esterase A from Streptococcus pyogenes is available (4ROT) and will soon be published by Bennett et al. Crystal structures of PET-degrading cutinase Cut190 are available (4WFI, 4WFK, 4WFJ) and published by Miyakawa et al..

  • December 19, 2014:

    We wish you a merry Christmas!! The structural basis of the Tle4-Tli4 complex reveals the self-protection mechanism of H2-T6SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is published by Lu et al. and the structure is available (4R1D).

  • December 10, 2014:

    The tribute to BP Doctor by Hermona Soreq and Israel Silman on behalf of the IAB of the international symposium on cholinergic mechanism is available from the site XVth ISCM. Crystal structure of lipase from Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis is available (4L3W) and will soon be published by Zhang et al. The structural basis of the Tle4-Tli4 complex reveals the self-protection mechanism of H2-T6SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is published by Lu et al. and the structure will soon be available (4R1D). It is the first structure of a member of the PGAP1 family. Directed evolution of new and improved enzyme functions in dienelactone hydrolase is published by Porter et al. and structures are available (4U2B, 4U2C, 4U2D, 4U2E, 4U2F, 4U2G)

  • December 03, 2014:

    The tribute to Buphendra P Doctor by Palmer Taylor is available here: BPDoctor.pdf. He added: After consultation with Ellen Doctor and past associates of B. P. Doctor at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and elsewhere, we feel that an appropriate memorial in his name would be the development of a fund for travel of young investigators attending International Meetings of the Cholinesterases. Priority would be accorded to students, fellows and beginning faculty lacking grant funds or other means for travel to scientific meetings. Those awarded travel funds would be expected to present at either poster sessions or workshops scheduled for the meeting. B.P. Doctor had an abiding interest in international meetings, and believed that research on the cholinesterases and related targets required global perspectives and cooperation. He felt that research in cholinesterases should meet the needs of third world countries where misuse and accessibility to pesticides are high, as well as in built environment locations with controlled ventilation systems where substantial populations of individuals could be exposed through terrorist activities. Those colleagues wishing to contribute should send checks to: Pharmacology Education and Research Foundation, P.O. Box 144, 9700 Gilman Drive,La Jolla, CA 92093-5010. Individual checks and accompanying letters should be labeled as the B. P. Doctor Memorial Travel Award Fund. The Pharmacology Education and Research Foundation has been categorized as a foundation by the United States Internal Revenue Service. All donations will be acknowledged as support for a tax-free foundation. The Organizing Committees of the respective International Cholinesterase Meetings shall award funds to the applicants in relation to the funds available. The Doctor family will be apprised of the fund donors, the fund financial base, and the awardees. Crystal structure of a putative aryl esterase from Burkholderia cenocepacia is available (4X00) and will soon be published by Fairman et al.

  • November 26, 2014:

    It is with great sadness that we have to inform you that Bhupendra P Doctor passed away two days ago. Follows a list of most of his collaborators coauthors list. Crystal structure of the mycoestrogen-detoxifying lactonase ZHD (ZEN lactonase) from Clonostachys rosea are available (3WZL, 3WZM) and published by Peng et al. Crystal structure of snake venom acetylcholinesterase in complex with inhibitory antibody fragment Fab410 bound at the peripheral site is available (4QWW) and published by Bourne et al.

  • November 12, 2014:

    Structural and biochemical characterization of a metagenome-derived esterase with a long N-terminal extension is published by Okano et al. and is available (3WYD) Crystal structure of a putative alpha/beta hydrolase family protein from Desulfitobacterium hafniense is available (4RPC) and will soon be published by Filippova et al.

  • October 29, 2014:

    Crystal structures of mutants of an epoxide hydrolase from Bacillus megaterium (4NZZ, 4O08) are available and published by Kong et al.. They identified an active tunnel for substrate access and product release of this enzyme. Structural and biochemical characterization of a metagenome-derived esterase with a long N-terminal extension is published by Okano et al. and will be available soon (3WYD)

  • October 22, 2014:

    Crystal structures of mutants of an epoxide hydrolase from Bacillus megaterium (4INZ, 4IO0) are available and published by Kong et al.. They identified an active tunnel for substrate access and product release of this enzyme. Structures of S-selective hydroxynitrile lyase from Baliospermum montanum (apo1 and apo2) (3WWO, 3WWP) are available and published by Nakano et al.. Crystal structure of a novel nanomolar selective butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor is published by Brus et al. and is available (4TPK).

  • October 15, 2014:

    Crystal structure of ESTERASE B from Lactobacillus Rhamnosis (HN001) is available (4N5H) and will soon be published by Bennett et al. Structure of Haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA mutant from Rhodococcus rhodochrous (T148L+G171Q+A172V+C176G) is available (4WCV) and will soon be published by Liskova et al. Crystal Structure of homoserine o-acetyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus is available (4QLO) and published by Thangavelu et al. Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of the human lymphocyte antigen B-associated transcript 5 (BAT5/ABHD16A) is published by Savinainen et al.. Knight et al. show that the yeast enzyme Eht1 is an octanoyl-CoA:ethanol acyltransferase that also functions as a thioesterase.

  • October 8, 2014:

    Structure of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase in complex with a clorotacrine-juglone hybrid inhibitor is available (4TVK) and published by Nepovimova et al.

  • October 1, 2014:

    Crystal structures of human bifunctional epoxide hydroxylase 2 complexed with ligands are availble (4C4X, 4C4Y, 4C4Z) and will be soon published by Pilger et al. A novel butyrylcholinesterase point mutation (p.Ala34Val), "silent variant" with mivacurium is described by Delacour et al.

  • September 24, 2014:

    Structures of oxidized PVA hydrolase (OPH) from two known PVA-degrading organisms, Sphingopyxis sp. 113P3 (3WLA) and Pseudomonas sp. VM15C (3WL5, 3WL6, 3WL7, 3WL8) are available and published by Yang et al. Structure of calcium bound cutinase Est119 from Thermobifida alb (3WYN) is available and will be soon published by Kitadokoro et al. Crystal structures of human soluble epoxide hydrolase complexed with 1-(1-isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea are available (4OCZ, 4OD0) and published by Lee et al. Crystal Structure of Ophiostoma picea sterol esterase (4UPD) is available and published by Gutierrez-Fernandez et al. A 5000-fold increase in the specificity of a bacterial phosphotriesterase for malathion through combinatorial active site mutagenesis is published by Naqvi et al.

  • September 17, 2014:

    Structures of cutinase from Trichoderma reesei with a lid-covered active site and kinetic properties of true lipases are available (4PSC, 4PSD, 4PSE) and published by Roussel et al.. Structural and functional analysis of hydroxynitrile lyase from Baliospermum montanum with crystal structure, molecular dynamics and enzyme kinetics are published by Nakano et al. and structures (3WWO, 3WWP) will soon be available. Crystal structure of a novel nanomolar selective butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor is published by Brus et al. and will soon be available (4TPK). Schwann cells sense and control acetylcholine spillover at the neuromuscular junction by alpha7 nicotinic receptors and butyrylcholinesterase by Petrov et al. . Ishiura et al. reported 2 Japanese brothers with autosomal recessive SPG21 with a new mutation (p.Ala108Pro)

  • September 03, 2014:

    Crystal structure of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase from the silkworm Bombyx mori (4QLA) is available and is published by Zhou et al.

  • August 27, 2014:

    Legler et al. describe the development of organophosphate hydrolase activity by mutations in Bacillus subtilis p-nitrobenzyl esterase (bacsu-pnbae pNBE): a bacterial homolog of human cholinesterase. Crystal structure of a C6-C4 SN3 inhibited esterase B from Lactobacillus rhamnosis is available (4OUK) and will soon be published by Colbert et al. Crystal structure of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase from the silkworm Bombyx mori is published by Zhou et al. and will be available soon (4QLA). Crystal Structures of Ophiostoma picea sterol esterase (4BE9, 4BE4, 4UPD)are published by Gutierrez-Fernandez et al. Now we are in the process of reinitializing the ESTHER mailing list. To see the purpose of the list and how to subscribe go to:mailist The second quarterly ESTHER database newsletter is available (Newsletter2)

  • August 20, 2014:

    Crystal Structure of homoserine o-acetyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus is available(4QLO) and will soon be published by Thangavelu et al. We are pleased to announce that the 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms is tentatively scheduled for October 2nd-6th, 2016 in Marseille France. XVth ISCM You can alredy login or contact iscm@afmb.univ-mrs.fr

  • August 13, 2014:

    Structure of the type VI secretion phospholipase effector Tle1 from Pseudomonas aeruginos is available(4O5P) and published by Hu et al. Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DbeA from Bradyrhizobium elkani USDA94 with two halide-binding sites is available (4K2A) and published by Chaloupkova et al.

  • August 06, 2014:

    Crystal structure of a feruloyl esterase belonging to the tannase family with a disulfide bond near a catalytic triad is available (3WMT) and published by Suzuki et al. Structure of the type VI secretion phospholipase effector Tle1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is published by Hu et al. and will be available soon (4O5P)

  • July 30, 2014:

    Crystal structure of a feruloyl esterase belonging to the tannase family with a disulfide bond near a catalytic triad is published by Suzuki et al. and will be available soon (3WMT). A novel "Silent" allele: point mutation (p.Val204Asp) in human butyrylcholinesterase is described by Delacour et al. Structures of carboxylesterases EstFa from Ferroplasma acidiphilum (3WJ2) and SshEstI from Sulfolobus shibatae (4P9N, 3WJ1) are available and published by Ohara et al. The last crystal structure of Pseudomonas putida esterase published by Dou et al. is available (4OU4)

  • July 23, 2014:

    Structures of carboxylesterases EstFa from Ferroplasma acidiphilum (3WJ2) and SshEstI from Sulfolobus shibatae (4P9N, 3WJ1) are published by Ohara et al. and will be available soon. Structures of oxidized PVA hydrolase (OPH) from two known PVA-degrading organisms, Sphingopyxis sp. 113P3 (3WLA) and Pseudomonas sp. VM15C (3WL5) are published by Yang et al. and will soon be available. Crystal structures of haloalkane dehalogenase DatA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 are available (3WIB, 3WI7) and published by Guan et al.. Crystal structures of Pseudomonas putida esterase which reveal the functional role of residues 187 and 287 in substrate binding and chiral recognition are available (4OB6, 4OB7, 4OB68, 4OU5) and published by Dou et al.

  • July 20, 2014:

    Structure of engineered thermostable dimeric cocaine esterase is available (4P08) and published by Fang et al. Selvaraju et al. identified a phospholipase B activity for the LPL1 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which belongs to DUF_676 family. Structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen 85 inhibited by covalent, allosteric inhibitors and mutants are available (4QDO, 4QDU, 4QDX, 4QDZ, 4QE3, 4QEK) and are published soon by Favrot et al.

  • July 09, 2014:

    Structure of closed form Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) isolated from Bacillus sp. H257 (bMGL) is available (4LHE) and published by Tsurumura et al. Crystals of dienelactone hydrolase in two space groups: structural changes caused by crystal packing are available (4P92, 4P93) and published by Porter et al. Structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen 85 inhibited by covalent, allosteric inhibitors and mutants are available (4QDO, 4QDU, 4QDX, 4QDZ, 4QE3, 4QEK) and will soon be published by Favrot et al. An esterase involved in malathion resistance in the head louse Pediculus humanus capitis is described by Kwon et al. Mutations in acetylcholinesterase 1 associated with mevinphos resistance in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella are described by Yeh et al.

  • June 25, 2014:

    Structures of a thermostable polyethylene terephthalate degrading hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca are available (4CG1, 4CG2, 4CG3) and are published by Roth et al.. Crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DbeA from Bradyrhizobium elkani USDA94 is available (4K2A) and will soon be published by Chaloupkova et al. Crystal structure of Humicola insolens cutinase in complex with mono-ethylphospate is available (4OYL) and published by Kold et al.. Crystal structure of the cofactor-devoid 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) catalytically inactive H251A variant complexed with its natural substrate 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine is available (4CFS) and published by Hernandez-Ortega et al.. Accordingly a new family was introduced: (HOD-cofactorfree-dioxygenase). Structure of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA mutant DhaA12 (tentative of functional transformation in dehalogenase design) (3SK0)is published by Sykora et al..

  • June 18, 2014:

    Crystal structure of a putative esterase (BDI_1566) from Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503 at 1.60 A resolution (CASP Target) is available (4Q34) and published soon by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG)

  • June 11, 2014:

    Structure of closed form Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) isolated from Bacillus sp. H257 (bMGL) is published by Tsurumura et al. and will be available soon (4LHE). Novel human BChE variants (Y332S, D340H, and Y332S/D340H) were identified by Dwyer et al. with an increased resistance to nerve agent and retained robust catalytic efficiency. Crystal structure of a C4-C4 SN3 tributyrin phodphonate inhibited Esterase B from Lactobacillus Rhamnosis is available (4PO3) and will soon be published by Bennett et al.

  • June 04, 2014:

    Structure of a novel esterase from the GTSAG motif subfamily of bacterial Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL) family is available (4Q05) and published by Li et al.. Accordingly a new family was introduced: (GTSAGmotif). A paper by McMahon et al. shows that Comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58)/Alpha Beta Hydrolase Domain 5 (ABHD5) (human-ABHD5) lacks lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity. Parkkari et al. show that triterpenoids are reversible inhibitors of alpha/beta-hydrolase Domain Containing 12 (ABHD12)

  • May 21, 2014:

    Ensemble refinement of an epoxide hydrolase from Streptomyces carzinostaticus subsp. neocarzinostaticus is available (4QA9) and published soon by Wang et al. Thermodynamic and Structural Investigation of the specific SDS binding of Humicola insolens cutinase is published by Kold et al. and structures will soon be available (4OYL, 4OYY) Crystal structures of haloalkane dehalogenase DatA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 are published by Guan et al. and will be available soon (3WIB, 3WI7).

  • May 14, 2014:

    Structures of a Rhodobacteraceae bacterium Haloalkane dehalogenase are published by Novak et al. and are available (4BRZ, 4C6H). Crystal Structure of Phospholipase/Carboxylesterase from Haliangium ochraceum is available (4Q82) and will soon be published by Kim et al. Two new families were extracted from larger families: (PlaB, Canar_LipB)

  • May 07, 2014:

    Crystal structure of a putative dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (BACOVA_01349) from Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 at 2.48 A resolution is available (4Q1V) and published soon by Joint center for structural genomics. Point mutations associated with organophosphate and carbamate resistance in chinese strains of Culex pipiens are published by Zhao et al. The alignment of mutated sequences related to insecticide resistance is updated: (List of queries, Mutalign for insecticide resistance)

  • April 23, 2014:

    Structures of MenH are published by Sun et al. and are available (4MXD, 4MYD,4MYS). Structures of a Rhodobacteraceae bacterium Haloalkane dehalogenase are published by Novak et al. and will soon be available (4BRZ, 4C6H) Structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA from Rhodococcus rhodochrous(4HZG) is published by Lahoda et al.

  • April 16, 2014:

    Crystal structures of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with fragments inhibitor are published by Amano et al. and are available (3WK4, 3WK5, 3WK6, 3WK7, 3WK8, 3WK9, 3WKA, 3WKB, 3WKC, 3WKD, 3WKE). Crystal Structure of a C8-C4 Sn3 Inhibited Esterase B from Lactobacillus Rhamnosis is available (4N5I) and will soon be published by Colbert et al. Structures of a thermostable polyethylene terephthalate degrading hydrolase from Thermobifida fusca are published by Roth et al. and will be available soon (4CG1, 4CG2, 4CG3). Structures of MenH are published by Sun et al. and will be available soon (4MXD, 4MYD,4MYS). Mutations in resistant insects were missing from the papers Carvalho et al. and Kwon et al.

  • April 09, 2014:

    Structure of uman dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 in complex with the long-acting inhibitor Omarigliptin (MK-3102) is available (4PNZ) and published by Biftu et al.

  • April 02, 2014:

    Palmer Taylor sent us the message of the passing of Barry Wilson at UC Davis. " Barry was a major contributor to the cholinesterase field and attended many of our international meetings. He had multiple interests with the cholinesterases and related esterases extending from carbamate protection of organophosphate exposures and human blood cholinesterase variations to neurotoxic esterases. Being in an avian science department, he worked extensively with bird cholinesterases. His larger endeavors toward environmental protection were at the forefront. Indeed, Barry's questioning the dogma and sage advice will be remembered." Crystal structure of Candida antarctica lipase B with anion-tag is available (3W9B) and will soon be published by Kim et al. Crystal structures of a novel and atypical esterase LpEst1 from Lactobacillus plantarum are published by Alvarez et al. are available(4C87, 4C88, 4C89) Alpha/beta hydrolase fold protein from Chitinophaga pinensis is available (4PW0) and will soon be published by Osipiuk et al. Crystal structures of Pseudomonas putida esterase which reveal the functional role of residues 187 and 287 in substrate binding and chiral recognition are published by Dou et al. and will soon be available (4OB6, 4OB7, 4OB8, 4OU4, 4OU5)

  • March 26, 2014:

    Crystal Structures of Ophiostoma picea sterol esterase are available (4BE9, 4BE4) and soon published by Gutierrez-Fernandez et al. Crystal structures of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with fragments inhibitor are published by Amano et al. and will be available soon (3WK4, 3WK5, 3WK6, 3WK7, 3WK8, 3WK9, 3WKA, 3WKB, 3WKC, 3WKD, 3WKE). Crystal structures of a novel and atypical esterase LpEst1 from Lactobacillus plantarum are published by Alvarez et al. and will be available soon (4C87, 4C88, 4C89)

  • March 20, 2014:

    X-ray Crystal Structure of a Putative Hydrolase from Rickettsia typhi is available (4OSE) and soon published by Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID). Closed conformation of O. piceae sterol esterase is available (4BE4) and soon published by Gutierrez-Fernandez et al. Structure of Ustilago maydis lipase UM03410, short form without flap is available (3ZPX) and soon published by Brundiek et al.

  • March 16, 2014:

    Crystal structure of Leaf-branch compost bacterial cutinase homolog (4EB0) is published by Sulaiman et al. Crystal structure of Lipk107 (3W9U) is published by Zhang et al.

  • March 5, 2014:

    New mutations introduced to increase biological half-life of cocaine hydrolysing BChE mutant are published by Fang et al.

  • February 18, 2014:

    Crystal structure of the amidohydrolase VinJ which shows a unique hydrophobic tunnel for its interaction with polyketide substrates is available (3WMR) and published by Shinohara et al. Crystal structure of a putative lipase (lip1) from Acinetobacter baumannii AYE is available (4OPM) and published soon by Joint Center for Structural Genomics

  • February 12, 2014:

    Crystal structures of Trypanosoma brucei oligopeptidase B (4BP8, 4BP9) are availble and published by Canning et al. Crystal structures of mutants of an epoxide hydrolase from Bacillus megaterium (4INZ, 4IO0) are available and published soon by Kong et al. Crystal Structure of DPP-IV in complex with selective, orally available inhibitors C-(1-aryl-cyclohexyl)-methylamines (4N8D, 4N8E) are availble and published by Namoto et al.

  • February 05, 2014:

    Crystal Structure of DPP-IV with a 4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butane-1,3-diamine inhibitor is available (4J3J) and published by Zhu et al. Crystal structures of the Cif epoxide hydrolase from Acinetobacter nosocomialis are available (4MEA, 4MEB) and published by Bahl et al.

  • February 01, 2014:

    We are please to announce that the 15th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms is tentatively scheduled for October 2nd-6th, 2016 in Marseille France. XVth ISCM You can alredy login or contact iscm@afmb.univ-mrs.fr

  • January 29, 2014:

    Structures of Candida antarctica lipase B and mutants L278M, D223G/L278M are published by Xie et al. and are available (4K6G, 4K6H, 4K6K, 4K5Q) Now we are in the process of reinitializing the ESTHER mailing list. To see the purpose of the list and how to subscribe go to:mailist

  • January 23, 2014:

    Crystal structures of two Bacillus carboxylesterases with different enantioselectivities (Naproxen esterase NP and CesB (YbfK) are available (4CCW, 4CCY)and published by Rozeboom et al. Structures of Candida antarctica lipase B and mutants L278M, D223G/L278M are published by Xie et al. and will soon be available (4K6G, 4K6H, 4K5Q) Crystal structures of Antigen, 85C-C209S mutant and in presence of Ebselen are available (4MQL, 4MQM) and published by Favrot et al. Crystal structure of the protein frsA complexed with unknown ligand is available (4I4C) and published by Kellett et al. Three dimensional structure of corynomycoloyl tranferase C is available (4H18)and published by Huc et al. Now we are in the process of reinitializing the ESTHER mailing list. To see the purpose of the list and how to subscribe go to:mailist

  • January 15, 2014:

    Crystal Structure of Est25 - a Bacterial Homolog of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase from a Metagenomic Library is available (4J7A) and published by Ngo et al. Crystal structures of two Bacillus carboxylesterases with different enantioselectivities (Naproxen esterase NP and CesB (YbfK) are published by Rozeboom et al. and will be available soon (4CCW, 4CCY)

  • January 02, 2014:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year

  • December 24, 2013:

    We wish you a merry Christmas!! Structural Basis for Signaling by Exclusive EDS1 (arath-eds1) Heteromeric Complexes with SAG101 (arath-At5g14930) or PAD4 in Plant Innate Immunity is published by Wagner et al. and structure of complex is vailable (4NFU) 2.22 Angstrom Resolution Crystal Structure of a Putative Acyltransferase from Salmonella enterica is available (4NVR) and soon published by Minasov et al.

  • December 04, 2013:

    Crystal Structure of Carboxylesterase BioH from Salmonella enterica is available (4NMW) and published soon by Kim et al. Crystal structure of the alpha-esterase-7 carboxylesterase, E3, from Lucilia cuprina 4FNM) is available and published by Jackson et al. Crystal structure of Lipk107 (3W9U) is available and soon published by Yuan et al. Crystal structure of the cofactor-devoid 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) catalytically inactive H251A variant complexed with its natural substrate 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine is available (4CFS) and soon published by Bui et al.

  • November 07, 2013:

    Crystal Structure of the ternary complex of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa with Ethylacetoacetate and P-nitrobenzaldehyde at 2.3 A resolution is available (4N8S) and published soon by Kumar et al.

  • October 30, 2013:

    Crystal structures of the carboxylesterase Cest-2923 (lp_2923) from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 are available (4BZW, 4BZZ, 4C01) and published by Benavente et al. Selective, and in Vivo-Active Inhibitors of alpha/beta-Hydrolase Domain Containing 6 (ABHD6-Lip) are published by Hsu et al.

  • October 23, 2013:

    Crystal structure of OSD14 in complex with hydroxy D-ring is available (3WIO) and published by Nakamura et al. Molecular characterization of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit acetylcholinesterase by targeting the peripheral site and backdoor region is published by Bourne et al..

  • October 17, 2013:

    Structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with dihydrotanshinone I and with territrem B are available (4M0E, 4M0F) and published by Cheung et al. Structures of carboxylesterase Cest-2923 from Lactobacillus plantarum are published by Benavente et al. and will be available soon (4BZW, 4BZZ, 4C01)

  • October 09, 2013:

    Two other crystal structures of a C-C hydrolase, DxnB2 from Sphingomonas wittichii RW1, mutant, published by Ruzzini et al. are available (4LXI, 4LYE) Structure of a putative epoxide hydrolase Q244E mutant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with bound MFA. is available (4BB0) and published soon by Schmidberger et al. Dictyostelium discoideum Net4 (dicdi-q54yr8), which has strong homologies to mammalian DUF829 / Tmem53 / NET4 (Duf_829) is found on lipid droplets (Du et al.) Crystal structure of Smu.1393c from Streptococcus mutans UA159 (3L80 superceded by 4L9A) is available and published by Wang et al. The 4th International Symposium on Non-neuronal Acetylcholine will be held August 28th-30th, 2014, Giessen, Germany.

  • October 02, 2013:

    Structures of a putative epoxide hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mutants are available (4BAT, 4BAU, 4BAZ) and published soon by Schmidberger et al. Structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA from Rhodococcus rhodochrous is available (4HZG) and published soon by Lahoda et al.

  • September 21, 2013:

    Grundlinger et al. show that Aspergillus fumigatus AFUA_3G03390 gene product, SidJ (aspfu-q4wf56) is involved in hydrolysis of siderophore fusarinine C. It is the first functionally characterized member of the family Duf_1749. Bud emergence 46 (BEM46) protein from Neurospora crassa (neucr-q7sdx9) and homologues in eukaryotes are characterized by Kumar et al.: clues for function of members of the LYsophospholipase_carboxylesterase family

  • September 18, 2013:

    Structures of Paucimonas lemoignei Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZ7 are available (4BRS, 4BTV, 4BVJ, 4BVK, 4BYM) and published by Jendrossek et al. Crystal structures of monoacylglycerol lipase from Bacillus sp. H257 are available (4KE6, 4KE7, 4KE8, 4KE9, 4KEA) and published by Rengachari et al. Crystal structures of a C-C hydrolase, DxnB2 from Sphingomonas wittichii RW1, mutant in complex with substrate are published by Ruzzini et al. and are available (4LXG, 4LXH, 4LYD) Two novel mutations in ABHD12 causing PHARC are described by Chen et al. New mutations in the human BChE gene are described by Lima et al., Jacob et al.

  • September 11, 2013:

    Crystal structures of monoacylglycerol lipase from Bacillus sp. H257 are available soon (4KE6, 4KE7, 4KE8, 4KE9, 4KEA) and published by Rengachari et al.

  • September 04, 2013:

    Structures of acetylcholinesterase with two compound classes consisting of N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-benzenesulfonamides and N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-benzenemethanesulfonamides are published by Andersson et al. and are available (4B7Z, 4B80, 4B81, 4B82, 4B83, 4B84, 4B85, 4BTL). Crystal structure of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (CD26, adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2) (DPP-IV-WT) complex with bms-767778 AKA 2-(3-(aminomethyl)-4-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,7-dihydro-6h-pyrrolo[3,4- b]pyridin-6-yl)-n,n-dimethylacetamide and crystal structure of human DPP-IV in complex with BMS-744891 are available (4JH0, 4LKO)and published by Devasthale et al. Structure of a bacterial homologue of hormone-sensitive lipase from a metagenomic library Est25 is published by Ngo et al. and will soon be available (4J7A)

  • August 21, 2013:

    Structures of Aes, an inhibitor of MalT in Escherichia coli published by Schiefner et al. are available (4KRX, 4KRY). Structure of the spike glycoprotein (S) of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4 (4L72) published by Wang et al. is available.

  • August 14, 2013:

    Structures of Aes, an inhibitor of MalT in Escherichia coli are published by Schiefner et al. and will soon be available (4KRX, 4KRY)

  • August 07, 2013:

    Crystal structure of thermostable, organic-solvent tolerant lipase from Geobacillus sp. strain ARM A0MTM1 is avalable (4FMP) and soon published by Nisbar et al. 10 Crystal structures of the CFTR inhibitory factor Cif with mutations and different ligands are available (4DLN, 4DMC, 4DMH, 4DNF, 4DM7, 4DMF, 4DMK, 4DNO, 4EHB, 4EUS) and soon published by Bahl et al. Crystal structures of a C-C hydrolase, DxnB2 from Sphingomonas wittichii RW1,mutant in complex with substrate are published by Ruzzini et al. and will soon be available (4LXG, 4LXH, 4LYD)

  • July 24, 2013:

    For our 300th news we are glad to share with you this news: French President Francois Hollande awarded Dr Palmer Taylor the rank of "Chevalier dans l'Ordre national de la Legion d'Honneur" (Knight in the National Order of the Legion of Honour). “Dr. Taylor’s collaboration with the Pasteur Institute and the Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique at Aix-Marseille Universite reminds us that scientific research is a unified endeavor which relies on teamwork at the international level,” said Annick Suzor-Weiner, Counsellor for Science and Technology at the Embassy of France in the United States. Crystal Structure of dehalogenase HaloTag2 with HALTS at the resolution 1.8A. is available (4KYV) and will be soon published by Kuzin et al.. Crystal structures of tannase from from Lactobacillus plantarum in the orthorhombic crystal (3WA6, 3WA7) are available and published by Matoba et al.

  • July 11, 2013:

    Structures of the spike glycoprotein (S) of recently identified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4 (4KR0, 4L72) are published by Lu et al. and by Wang et al.. Crystal structures of tannase from from Lactobacillus plantarum in the orthorhombic crystal (3WA6, 3WA7) are published by Matoba et al. and will soon be available

  • June 26, 2013:

    Crystal structure of serine hydrolase CCSP0084 from the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium Cycloclasticus zankles is available (4I3F) and published by Alcaide et al.

  • June 19, 2013:

    Crystal structure of organic solvent tolerant lipase 42 is available (4FKB) and soon published by Zaliha et al. Crystal structure of the alpha-esterase-7 carboxylesterase, E3, from Lucilia cuprina is available (4FNG) and published by Jackson et al.

  • June 13, 2013:

    Crystal structure of serine hydrolase CCSP0084 from the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacterium Cycloclasticus zankles is published by Alcaide et al. and will soon be available (4I3F)

  • June 06, 2013:

    Crystal structures of the alpha-esterase-7 carboxylesterase, E3, from Lucilia cuprina are available (5IKX) or available soon (4FNG, 4FNM) and published by Jackson et al. Crystal structures of haloalkane dehalogenase LinB from Sphingobium sp. MI1205 native and mutated are available (4H77, 4H7D, 4H7E, 4H7F, 4H7H, 4H7I, 4H7J, 4H7K) and published by Okai et al. Crystal structure of human soluble human epoxide hydrolase complexed with fulvestrant is available (4J03) and published by Morisseau et al. Crystal structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase complexed with a carboxamide inhibitor is available (4J03) and published by Thalji et al. Crystal Structures of Haloalkane dehalogenase HaloTag7 and HaloTag2 alone or in complex with HALTS are available (4KAA, 4KAC, 4KAJ, 4KAF) and soon published by Kuzin et al. and Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG)

  • May 31, 2013:

    The service will be interrupted Saturday 01 June AM for maintenance The 14th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM) took place in Hangzhou, China on May 5-9, 2013. It was a tremendous event thanks to Professor Karl Tsim and colleagues. Photos are available on the site (ISCM) Some recent structures were missing: Structure of a serine hydrolase from Francisella tularensis with large scale rearrangement facilitating catalysis is available (4F21) and published by Filippova et al. Crystal structures of L-serine-O-acetyltransferase found in D-cycloserine biosynthetic pathway (native and G52A-P55G mutant) are available (3VVL,3VVM) and published by Oda et al. Crystal structure of kynurenine formamidase from Drosophila melanogaster conjugated with an inhibitor is available (4E15) and published by Han et al. Crystal structure of cathepsin a complexed with 15a is available (4AZ3) and published by Ruf et al. Crystal structure of a hypothetical protein (lpg1103) from Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1 at 1.15 A resolution is available (4EZI) and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics. Structure of non glycosylated Yarrowia lipolytica LIP2 lipase is available (4JEI) and published by Aloulou et al.

  • May 29, 2013:

    Structures of human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with tacrine and human acetylcholinesterase in complex with huprine W and fasciculin 2 are available (4BDS, 4BDT) and published by Nachon et al.

  • May 23, 2013:

    The 14th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM) took place in Hangzhou, China on May 5-9, 2013. It was a tremendous event thanks to Professor Karl Tsim and colleagues. Photos are available on the site (ISCM) Crystal structures of tannase from Lactobacillus plantarum native and in complexes are available (4JUI, 4J0C, 4J0D, 4J0G, 4J0H, 4J0I, 4J0J, 4J0K) and published by Ren et al.. This structure and sequence differs from the sequences of Tannase and ferulol esterase from bacteria and fungi: Tannase. A new family was created: Tannase_Bact. It is closely related to hormone sensitive lipase and Block H enzymes. Crystal structure of the complex of three phase partition treated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa with Lauric acid and P-nitrobenzaldehyde (PNB) at 2.1 resolution is available (4KJX) and soon published by Kumar et al. Structure of a methanol tolerant lipase for biodiesel production obtained by directed evolution is available (4HS9) and published by Korman et al..

  • May 21, 2013:

    The 14th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM) took place in Hangzhou, China on May 5-9, 2013. It was a tremendous event thanks to Professor Karl Tsim and colleagues. Crystal structure of human depiptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) in complex with vildagliptin (3W2T) is available and published by Nabeno et al.. 3D structure of thermostable L2 lipase from thermophilic locally isolated Bacillus sp. L2. is available (4FDM) and published by Abd Rahman et al.. Crystal structures of E. coli native MenH and two active site mutants are available (4GDM, 4GEG, 4GEC) and published by Johnston et al. Structures of a self-compartmentalizing hexamer serine protease from Pyrococcus horikoshii are available (4HXG, 4HXE, 4HXF) and published by Menyhard et al.. Crystal structures of A. Thaliana KAI2 Apo form, and in complex with smoke-derived karrikin (4JYP, 4JYM) are available and published by Guo et al.

  • April 26, 2013:

    Crystal structures of A. Thaliana KAI2 Apo form, and in complex with smoke-derived karrikin (4JYP, 4JYM) are published by Guo et al. and will soon be available.

  • April 11, 2013:

    The proceedings of the XIth meeting on cholinesterases in Kazan are fully available in Chemico-Biological Interactions with volume and page numbers. View the list.

  • April 04, 2013:

    Crystal structure of human depiptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) in complex with vildagliptin (3W2T) is published by Nabeno et al. and will soon be available. Crystallization and X-ray structure determination of a thermoalkalophilic lipase from Geobacillus SBS-4S (3AUK) is published by Tayyab et al.. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of tannase from Lactobacillus plantarum are published by Wu et al. and are available soon.

  • March 27, 2013:

    Crystal structure of Leaf-branch compost bacterial cutinase homolog is available (4EB0) and soon published by Sulaiman et al. Crystal structures of mouse acetylcholinesterase in complex with Russian VX, Cyclosarin, and combined tabun and HI-6 are available (3ZLT, 3ZLU, 3ZLV) and published by Artursson et al.

  • March 13, 2013:

    Structures of Prolyl Oligopeptidase from porcine brain with a covalently or non-covalently bound P2-substituted N-acyl-prolylpyrrolidine inhibitor are available (4BCB, 4BCC, 4BCD) and published by Van Der Veken et al. Structure of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA in complex with 2-propanol (4E46) is available and soon published by Stepankova et al. Structure of non glycosylated Yarrowia lipolytica LIP2 lipase is available (4JEI) and soon published by Aloulou et al.

  • February 27, 2013:

    Crystal structures of human DPP-IV with new ligands are available (4DSA, 4DSZ, 4DTC) and soon published by Xiong et al. Crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with a pyridopyrimidinedione analogue is available (4G1F) and published by Lam et al. Other Structures of the Karrikin-Insensitive Protein (KAI2) in Arabidopsis thaliana are available (4HRY, 4HTA, 4HRX) and are published by Bythell-Douglas et al.

  • February 06, 2013:

    Structures of a putative epoxide hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4B9A, 4B9E) are available and published by Moynie et al. Crystal structures of human butyrylcholinesterase and mouse acetylcholinesterase, inhibited by CBDP (4BBZ, 4BC0, 4BC1) are available and published by Carletti et al. Crystal structures of the lipase from Proteus mirabilis native and inhibited by diethylphosphonate (4GW3, 4GXN) are available and published by Korman et al. Crystal structure of rice DWARF14 (D14) (4IH9) and crystal structure of Arabidopsis DWARF14 orthologue, AtD1 and Karrikin Insensitive 2 (KAI2) (4IH4, 4IH1) are available and published by Zhao et al.

  • January 30, 2013:

    Crystal structure of rice DWARF14 (D14) (4IH9) and crystal structure of Arabidopsis DWARF14 orthologue, AtD1 and Karrikin Insensitive 2 (KAI2) (4IH4, 4IH1) are available and published by Zhao et al.

  • January 28, 2013:

    Other structures of the Karrikin-Insensitive Protein (KAI2) in Arabidopsis thaliana will soon be available (4HRY, 4HTA, 4HRX) and are published by Bythell-Douglas et al. Crystal structures of rat Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4, DPP-IV, CD26) in complex with 11A19 Fab, an inhibitory antibody against DPP IV which improves glucose tolerance in vivo are available (4FFV, 4FFW) and published by Tang et al. Tang et al.

  • January 24, 2013:

    Crystal structures of human butyrylcholinesterase and mouse acetylcholinesterase, inhibited by CBDP (4BBZ, 4BC0, 4BC1) are published by Carletti et al. and will be available soon. Crystal structures of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase mutants (L95V, A172V) and (T148L, G171Q, A172V, C176F) are available (4F5Z, 4F60) and published by Koudelakova et al. Crystal structures of rice DWARF14 (D14) native and in complex with PMS and crystal structure of Arabidopsis DWARF14-LIKE (D14L) AtD14L are available (3W04, 3W05, 3W06) and published by Kagiyama et al.. Crystal structure of rice DWARF14 (D14) in complex with a GR24 hydrolysis intermediate is available (4IHA) and soon published by Zhao et al. A review on mammalian ABHD proteins by Lord et al. appeared.

  • January 16, 2013:

    Crystal structures of N-acyl homoserine lactonase AidH from Ochrobactrum (native mutant and complexes) are available (4G5X, 4G8B, 4G8C, 4G8D, 4G9E, 4G9G) and published by Gao et al. These are the first structures of AHL-acylase within alpha/beta hydrolases.

  • January 14, 2013:

    Crystal Structures of the Lipase from Proteus mirabilis native and inhibited by diethylphosphonate are published by Korman et al. and are available soon (4GW3, 4GXN). Crystal structure of rice DWARF14 (D14) native and in complex with PMS and crystal structure of Arabidopsis DWARF14-LIKE (D14L) AtD14L are published by Kagiyama et al. and are available soon (3W04, 3W05, 3W06).

  • January 02, 2013:

    The ESTHER curators wish to all users and colleagues a happy new year Crystal structure of human soluble human epoxide hydrolase complexed with N-cycloheptyl-1-(mesitylsulfonyl)piperidine-4-carboxamide, a piperidine-derived non-urea inhibitor is available (4HAI) and published by Pecic et al.. Crystal structures of recombinant glucuronoyl esterase from Sporotrichum thermophile, and S213A mutant, and in complex with methyl 4-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranuronate are available (4G4G, 4G4I, 4G4J) and published by Charavgi et al.. Some mutations causing PHARC disease in ABHD12 and Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome in CGI58-ABHD5 described by Eisenberger et al. and Redaelli et al. respectively, had been omitted and are now included.

  • December 24, 2012:

    We wish you a merry Christmas!!

  • December 14, 2012:

    We experienced a server breakdown. We apologize for the inconvenience. Hopefully all is OK now. Crystal Structures of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP4, DPP-IV, CD26)in complex with 11A19 Fab an inhibitory antibody against DPP IV which improves glucose tolerance in vivo are available (4FFV, 4FFW) and soon published by Tang et al. In-house UV radiation damage induced phasing of selenomethionine-labeled Feruloyl Esterase Domain of XYNY from Clostridium thermocellum is published by Pereira et al. and structure before exposure to 266nm UV laser is available (4H35). The latest update of ESTHER is published by Lenfant et al., in the Database issue of Nucleic Acids Research.

  • December 05, 2012:

    The crystal structure of an epoxide hydrolase from Streptomyces carzinostaticus subsp. neocarzinostaticus is available (4I19) and soon published by Tan et al. The latest update of ESTHER is published by Lenfant et al., in the Database issue of Nucleic Acids Research.

  • November 28, 2012:

    Structures of a pair of enantiomers binding to acetylcholinesterase are available (4ARA, 4ARB) and published by Berg et al.. Structure of a Post-proline cleaving enzyme from Rickettsia typhi (4HVT) is available and soon published by Abendroth et al.

  • November 23, 2012:

    Structures of a pair of enantiomers binding to acetylcholinesterase are published by Berg et al. and are available soon (4ARA, 4ARB). Which acetylcholinesterase functions as the main catalytic enzyme in the Class Insecta is studied by Kim et al.

  • November 15, 2012:

    Structures of DAD2 from petunia (from RsbQ-like family) likely to be involved in the perception of the plant branching hormone, strigolactone are available (4DNP, 4DNQ) and published by Hamiaux et al.. The Crystal Structure of the Neisserial Esterase D. is available (4B6G) and published by Chen et al..

  • November 04, 2012:

    Crystal structures of LipS metagenome-derived lipolytic enzyme increase the diversity of known lipase and esterase families (4FBL, 4FBM) are published by Chow et al..

  • October 24, 2012:

    Crystal structures of human depiptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) in complex with teneligliptin are available (3VJK, 3VJL) and published by Yoshida et al. .

  • October 17, 2012:

    The hydroxynitrile lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana shows almost identical 3D structure but opposite enantioselectivity and different reaction mechanism compared to other hNL. This structure (3DQZ) is published by Andexer et al.. Structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with pharmacologically important ligands are published by Cheung et al. and are available (4EY4, 4EY5, 4EY6, 4EY7, 4EY8).

  • October 10, 2012:

    Crystal structures of LipS metagenome-derived lipolytic enzyme increase the diversity of known lipase and esterase families are available (4FBL, 4FBM) and soon published by Chow et al. Crystal structure of the complex of Fungal lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa with decanoic acid at 2.6 A resolution is available (4GHW) and soon published by Yamini et al. Structures of human acetylcholinesterase in complex with pharmacologically important ligands are published by Cheung et al. and will soon be available (4EY4, 4EY5, 4EY6, 4EY7, 4EY8).

  • October 03, 2012:

    Enhanced enantioselectivity of a carboxyl esterase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides by directed evolution. Structures available (4FHZ, 4FTW) and published by Ma et al. Crystal structure of phospholipase/Carboxylesterase from Dyadobacter fermentans DSM 18053 is available (4H0C) and soon published by Chang et al.

  • September 28, 2012:

    Structure ofProlyl Oligopeptidase from porcine brain, H680A mutant is available (4AX4) and published by Szeltner et al.

  • September 19, 2012:

    Structure of three phase partition treated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa at 2.55A resolution is available (4GWL) and soon published by Shukla et al. Structure of Human DPP7 (4EBB) published by Bezerra et al. is available.

  • September 12, 2012:

    Structures of DAD2 from petunia (from RsbQ-like family) likely to be involved in the perception of the plant branching hormone, strigolactone are published by Hamiaux et al. and are available soon (4DNP, 4DNQ). Structures of Human DPP7 (3JYH, 3N0T, 4EBB) are published by Bezerra et al.. New organophosphate resistant BChE mutants (E197C, G117R, G117N, L125V) are described by Zhang et al..

  • September 05, 2012:

    Structure of the complex of three phase partition treated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa with 16-hydroxypalmitic acid at 2.4 A resolution (4GI1),is available and soon published by Kumar et al. Structure of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase mutant DhaA31 in complex with 1, 2, 3 - trichloropropane (supersedes 3RLT) (4FWB) is availble and soon published by Lahoda et al. Structures of S-formylglutathione hydrolase variant H160I and W197I variant containing copper (4FOL, 4FLM) are available and published by Legler et al.

  • September 02, 2012:

    Crystal structure of soman-aged human butyrylcholinesterase in complex with 2-PAM or with benzyl pyridinium-4-methyltrichloroacetimidate and methyl 2-(pentafluorobenzyloxyimino)pyridinium are available (4AXB, 4B0O, 4B0P) and published by Wandhammer et al. Crystal structure of carboxylesterase/phospholipase family protein from Francisella tularensis is available (4F21) and soon published by Weston et al. 3D structure of thermostable L2 lipase from thermophilic locally isolated Bacillus sp. L2. is published by Rahman et al. and will soon be available (4FDM). The proceedings of the XIth meeting on cholinesterase in Kazan begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • August 22, 2012:

    WARNING the beta version of the ESTHER database server fully replaced the old version on 21 August 2012. We apologize for the bugs still present after the move. We are working hard to fix them. Crystal structure of Ethyl acetoacetate treated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa at 2.9 A resolution is available (4GBG) and soon published by Yamini et al..Structures of yeast S-formylglutathione hydrolase Variant H160I and W197I (4FOL, 4FLM) are published by Legler et al. and are available soon.

  • August 15, 2012:

    Crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) in complex with a prolylthiazolidine inhibitor No1 is available (3VJM) and published by Yoshida et al.. WARNING the beta version of the ESTHER database server will fully replace the present version on 20-24 August 2012. There should be only short interruption of service.

  • August 08, 2012:

    Structures of a novel cold-adapted esterase from an Arctic intertidal metagenomic library are published by Fu et al. and are available (4AO6, 4AO7, 4AO8) Crystal structure of the esterase YqiA (YE3661) from Yersinia enterocolitica, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium Target YeR85 (CASP Target) (4FLE) is available and soon published by Forouhar et al. It is the first structure of family abh_upf00227.

  • August 01, 2012:

    Structures of L29I mutation in an Aryl Esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens shows unique peptide flip and increased activity are available (3T4U, 3T52) and soon published by Kazlauskas et al. Crystal structure of a new Neurexin 1beta/Neuroligin 1 complex is available (3VKF) and published by Tanaka et al.

  • july 28, 2012:

    Structures of a novel cold-adapted esterase from an Arctic intertidal metagenomic library are published by Fu et al. and are available soon (4AO6, 4AO7, 4AO8)

  • july 12, 2012:

    Structure of three phase partition treated lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa at 2.15A resolution is available (4FLF) and soon published by Kumar et al.

  • july 10, 2012:

    Crystal structure of a probable hydrolytic enzyme (PA3053) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 at 1.50 A resolution is available (4F0J) and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics. Crystal structure of fully glycosylated human butyrylcholinesterase is published by Brazzolotto et al. and is available (4AQD) Crystal structures of a HSL-like carboxylesterase from Sulfolobus tokodaii (3AIK, 3AIK, 3AIL, 3AIM, 3AIN, 3AIO) are published by Angkawidjaja et al.

  • june 28, 2012:

    Structure of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA mutant DhaA12 is available (3SK0) and soon published by Sykora et al. Crystal structure of fully glycosylated human butyrylcholinesterase is published by Brazzolotto et al. and is available soon (4AQD)

  • june 20, 2012:

    Crystal Structure of the Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase D104 mutant from Burkholderia sp. FA1 in complex with fluoroacetate is available (3B12) and published by Nakayama et al. Crystal Structure of the Manihot esculenta Hydroxynitrile Lyase (MeHNL) K176P mutant and 3KP K176P K199P K224P triple mutant are available (3RKS, 3X3H) and are soon published by Cielo et al. AChE in complex with methylene blue is available (5E4T 2W9I was replaced by 5E4T) and published by Paz et al.

  • May 30, 2012:

    Crystal Structure of phospholipase A1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is available (2YIJ) and soon published by Li et al. The structure of RutD, a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily, and a putative aminoacrylate hydrolytic enzyme of the rut uracil degradation pathway in E.coli (3V48) is published by Knapik et al.

  • May 23, 2012:

    Crystal structure of monoacylglycerol lipase from Bacillus sp. H257 in complex with PMSF is available (3RLI) and published by Rengachari et al. Crystal Structure of the complex of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase with Bisnorcymserine leaving group (3ZV7) is available and published by Bertolucci et al.

  • May 18, 2012:

    Stuctures of Prolyl Oligopeptidase from porcine brain with covalently bound inhibitors are available (4AMY, 4AMZ, 4AN0, 4AN1) and published by Kaszuba et al.

  • May 10, 2012:

    Crystal structure of monoacylglycerol lipase from Bacillus sp. H257 is available (3RM3) and published by Rengachari et al.

  • May 02, 2012:

    A new active site in an alpha/beta hydrolase: Crystal Structures of tomato Methylketone Synthase I are available (3STT, 3STU, 3STV, 3STW, 3STX, STY) and published by Auldridge et al.. Crystal structure of monoacylglycerol lipase from Bacillus sp. H257 is available (3RM3) and soon published by Rengachari et al.

  • April 25, 2012:

    Structure of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase mutant DhaA31 in complex with 1, 2, 3 - trichloropropane is available (superseeded by 4FWB 4FWB) and soon published by Lahoda et al. see also Lahoda et al.. Crystal structures of a mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Malassezia globosa reveal a novel lid conformation and insights into the substrate specificity, are published by Xu et al. and are available (3UUE, 3UUF). Structures of the cold-active and anion-activated carboxyl esterase OLEI01171 from the oil-degrading marine bacterium Oleispira antarctica are available (3I6Y, 3S8Y)and published by Lemak et al.. A new active site in an alpha/beta hydrolase: Crystal Structures of tomato Methylketone Synthase I are published by Auldridge et al. and are available soon (3STT, 3STU, 3STV, 3STW, 3STX, STY)

  • April 18, 2012:

    Structure of Rhodococcus rhodochrous haloalkane dehalogenase mutant DhaA31 is available (3RK4) and soon published by Lahoda et al. see also Lahoda et al.

  • April 11, 2012:

    Crystal structures of a mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Malassezia globosa reveal a novel lid conformation and insights into the substrate specificity, are published by Xu et al. and are available soon (3UUE, 3UUF). Crystal structures of Fungal lipase from Thermomyces(Humicola) lanuginosa glycosylated and at 2.3A resolution are available (4DYH, 4EA6) and soon published by Singh et al. Crystal structure of cutinase Est119 from Thermobifida alba AHK119 is available (3VIS) and published by Kitadokoro et al.

  • March 28, 2012:

    Structure of mouse Acetylcholinesterase complex with Huprine derivative is available (4A16) and published by Ronco et al. The new beta version of the ESTHER server is available for testing. Please feel free to send feed-back. An important book on Lipases and Phospholipases is edited by Sandoval, Georgina in "Methods in Molecular Biology". View the list of chapters.

  • March 22, 2012:

    Structures of a meta-cleavage hydrolase allow identification of an acyl-enzyme intermediate and reveals the versatility of the caatalytic triad are published by Ruzzini et al. and are available (3V1K, 3V1L, 3V1M, 3V1N).

  • March 15, 2012:

    Functional and structural characterization of a thermostable acetyl esterase from Thermotoga maritima is published by Levisson et al. (1VQL, 3M81, 3M82, 3M83)

  • March 08, 2012:

    Structure of recombinant human carboxylesterase 1 from whole cabbage loopers is available (4AB1) and published by Greenblatt et al. Crystal structure of Non-heme chloroperoxidase from Burkholderia cenocepacia is available (4DGQ) and soon published by Gardberg et al. Crystal Structure of the complex of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase with Bisnorcymserine leaving group (3ZV7)is published by Bertolucci et al. and will soon be available.

  • February 29, 2012:

    The number of PDB entries available reached 1000 this week. Crystal structure of human dpp-IV in complex with SA-(+)- methyl2-(3-(aminomethyl)-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methyl- 7-oxo-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-B]pyridin-6(7H)-yl)acetate is available (3Q0T) and soon published by Wang et al. Structures of Fusarium Solani and Aspergillus oryzae Cutinase expressed in Pichia pastoris in the presence of Paraoxon are available (3QPA, 3QPC, 3QPD) and soon published by Gosser et al.

  • February 22, 2012:

    Structure of mutant shows improvement of thermal stability via outer-loop ion pair interaction of T1 Lipase from Geobacillus zalihae Strain T1 is available (3UMJ) and published by Ruslan et al. Structures of a meta-cleavage hydrolase allow identification of an acyl-enzyme intermediate and reveals the versatility of the caatalytic triad are published by Ruzzini et al. and are available soon (3V1K, 3V1L, 3V1M, 3V1N). The new beta version of the ESTHER server is available for testing. Please feel free to send feed-back

  • February 15, 2012:

    Another crystal structure of Esterase/Lipase from uncultured bacterium is available (3V9A) and soon published by Kim, I.J. and Nam, K.H.

  • February 08, 2012:

    Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A 7-fold mutant; the outcome of directed evolution towards thermostability is available (3QZU) and published by Augustyniak et al. Crystal structure of a lipase from Geobacillus sp. SBS-4S is available (3AUK) and soon published by Angkawidjaja et al. Crystal Structure of human DDP4 in complex with a novel heterocyclic DPP4 inhibitor is available (4A5S) and published by Sutton et al. Crystal structure of a domain fragment of (ecoli-entf) involved in peptide natural product biosynthesis is available (3TEJ) and published by Liu et al.

  • January 30, 2012:

    Structure of the catalytic domain of glucuronoyl esterase Cip2 from Hypocrea jecorina (3PIC) is published by Pokkuluri et al., and has been introduced in ESTHER. A new family Glucuronoyl_esterase has been created.

  • January 25, 2012:

    The crystal structure of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with inhibitor 1-[(3S,4S)-4-amino-1-(6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]piperidin-2-one is available (3QBJ) and soon published by Liu et al. Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A 7-fold mutant; the outcome of directed evolution towards thermostability is published by Augustyniak et al. and is available soon (3QZU)

  • January 04, 2012:

    The structure of RutD, a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily, and a putative aminoacrylate hydrolytic enzyme of the rut uracil degradation pathway in E.coli is available (3V48) and soon published by Knapik et al.

  • January 01, 2012:

    We wish you a happy new year. The structure of an haloalkane dehalogenase, DmmA, of marine microbial origin is available (3U1T) and published by Gehret et al.

  • December 14, 2011:

    We are sorry to inform you that Jean Massoulié passed away in the night of December 12-13, 2011.

  • December 08, 2011:

    Structure of mus musculus Acetylcholinesterase in complex with racemic C5685 is availble (4A23) and published by Berg et al. Identification and characterization of three cholinesterases from the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (cimle-d1fqg8, cimle-ACHE2, cimle-ACHE1) are published by Seong et al. Mutations in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Musca domestica L. field populations in Turkey are published by Baskurt et al.

  • November 30, 2011:

    Nonaged form of Mouse Acetylcholinesterase inhibited by VX-Update (superseeds 2JGH) and Sarin-Update (superseeds 2JGG) are available (2Y2U, 2Y2V)

  • November 17, 2011:

    Crystal structure of the predicted phospholipase LYPLAL1 published by Burger et al. is available (3U0V)

  • November 07, 2011:

    Crystal structure of the predicted phospholipase LYPLAL1 published by Burger et al. reveals unexpected functional plasticity in spite of close relationship to acyl protein thioesterases and is available soon (3U0V). Structure of acetylcholinesterase inhibited by sub-nanomolar huprine derivative inhibitor is published by Ronco et al. and is available soon (4A16). The minimal domain of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) ranges until leucine 254 and can be activated and inhibited by CGI-58 and G0S2 (see Cornaciu et al.)

  • October 26, 2011:

    Crystal structure of human DPP-IV in complex with 7-Oxopyrrolopyridine-derived inhibitors are available (3SWW, 3SX4) and published by Wang et al.

  • October 19, 2011:

    Structure of 3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones: A new class of potent, selective, and orally active non-peptide dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (TAK-294) that form a unique interaction with Lys554 is available (3OPM) and is published by Banno et al.

  • October 05, 2011:

    Structure of 6B, a thermostable mutant of Bacillus subtilis lipase obtained through directed evolution (A15S,F17S,A20E,N89Y,G111D,L114P,A132D,M134E,M137P,I157M,S163P,N166Y) is available (3QMM) and published by Kamal et al. Crystal structure of the human fatty acid synthase thioesterase domain with an activated site-specific polyunsaturated fatty acyl adduct is available (3TJM) and published by Zhang et al. We are sorry to inform you that our colleague, member of the local organizing committee of the 11th Meeting on Cholinesterases, Dr. Sergei Moralev passed away in St. Petersburg this summer. Prof. Evgeny Rosengart from the Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry informed us recently and wrote an obituary posted at the meeting web-site: Obituary

  • September 29, 2011:

    A special issue on alpha/beta hydrolases is being published in Protein Peptide Letters. It includes the following papers: list of papers. We took the opportunity of the publication by Bahl and Madden on Pseudomonas Cif and structure of a H177Y mutant (3PI6) to isolate a new family CFTR-inhibitory-factor_Cif among epoxide hydrolase-like family. An important paper by Long et al. on ABHD3 function is published

  • September 21, 2011:

    Crystal structure of the CFTR inhibitory factor Cif with the H177Y mutation is available (3PI6) and soon published by Bahl, C.D., and Madden, D.R. Structures of cocaine esterase wild type dimer and with mutations G4C, S10C are available (3PUH, 3PUI) It reveal subunit stabilization and PEGylation of cocaine esterase and improvement In Vivo residence time. These are published by Narasimhan et al. Structure of an alpha-beta serine hydrolase homologue from Coxiella burnetii is available (3TRD) and soon published by Cheung et al.

  • September 14, 2011:

    We are sorry to bring bad news that Dr. Jean-Baptiste Bergé passed away on september 7th. An important review on molecular mechanism and structural basis of interactions of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with adenosine deaminase and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transcription transactivator is published by Fan et al. Description of ES1 plasma carboxylesterase knockout mice is published by Duysen et al.

  • August 31, 2011:

    Crystal structures of the Lactobacillus johnsonii cinnamoyl esterase LJ0536 are available (3PF8, 3PF9, 3PFB, 3PFC, 3QM1, 3S2Z)show that an inserted alpha/beta subdomain shapes the catalytic Pocket. These structures are published by Lai et al.

  • August 10, 2011:

    The crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DPpA from Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-I is available (2XT0) and published by Hesseler et al.

  • July 27, 2011:

    Structures of peroxisomal alpha-beta hydrolase Lpx1 (Yor084w) (yeast-YOR084W) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2Y6U, 2Y6V) are available and pulished by Thoms et al. Structure of 3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones: A new class of potent, selective, and orally active non-peptide dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (TAK-294) that form a unique interaction with Lys554 is published by Banno et al., Maezaki et al. and is available soon (3OPM) Crystal structures of puromycin hydrolase are available (3AZO, 3AZP, 3AZQ) and soon published by Matoba et al.

  • July O6, 2011:

    We are sorry to bring bad news that Dr. Elsa Reiner , outstanding scientist with a high contribution to the enzymology of cholinesterases, passed away peacefully in sleep yesterday. A paper by Drs Peter Eyer and Ladislaus Szinicz dedicated to Elsa Reiner in honor of her important contributions is published in Toxicology Letters Crystal Structure of a Novel Esterase Rv0045c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3P2M) is available and published by Zheng et al.

  • June 29, 2011:

    Route of Substrate Entry in Prolyl Endopeptidase is analysed through Aeromonas punctata Prolyl Endopeptidase new structures available (3MUO, 3MUN) and soon published by Chiu et al. Structure of Human Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by CBDP (12h soak) : Phosphoserine Adduct is availabble (2Y1K) and published by Carletti et al.

  • June 24, 2011:

    Two mutations in human AChE (Y124H, Y72D/Y124H) tested for phosphotriesterase activity published by Trovaslet-Leroy et al. Backbone and side chain NMR assignments for the intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic domain of human neuroligin-3 are published by Wood et al.

  • June 15, 2011:

    Crystal structure of a cold-active and anion-activated carboxyl esterase OLEI01171 from the oil-degrading marine bacterium Oleispira antarctica is available (3S8Y bromide soaked) and soon published by Lemak et al.

  • June 10, 2011:

    Crystal structures of a novel pyruvate decarboxylase (vibvy-y856) from family (Duf_1100-R) alone and in complex with glucose-specific enzyme IIAGlc are available (3MVE, 3OUR) and published by Lee et al. Crystal structures of a HSL-like carboxylesterase (sulto-ST0071) from Sulfolobus tokodaii (3AIK, 3AIK, 3AIL, 3AIM, 3AIN, 3AIO) are available and soon published by Angkawidjaja et al.

  • June 06, 2011:

    Structure of MenH from Staphylococcus aureus (staau-SA0897) is available (2XMZ) and published by Dawson et al. as a prototype of MenH_SHCHC family. Crystal Structure of a Novel Esterase Rv0045c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3P2M) is published by Zheng et al. and is available soon.

  • May 25, 2011:

    The crystal structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DPpA from Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-I is published by Hesseler et al. and is available soon (2XT0). The crystal structure of the cephalosporin deacetylating enzyme acetyl xylan esterase bound to paraoxon explains the low sensitivity of this serine hydrolase to organophosphate inactivation is published by Montoro-Garcia et al. and structures are available (2XLB, 2XLC) The structure of a secreted lipase from Gibberella zeae reveals a novel double-lock mechanism is published by Lou et al. and is available (3NGM).The crystal structures of the hyperthermophilic esterase from the archeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis (3ZWQ (replaced 2WIR 17 aug 2011), 2YH2) are published by Palm et al.

  • May 20, 2011:

    The crystal structures of the hyperthermophilic esterase from the archeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis are available (3ZWQ (replaced 2WIR, 17 aug 2011), 2YH2) and will be soon published by Palm et al. A deletion in Exon 9 of the LIPH gene (rabit-LIPH) responsible for the Rex hair coat phenotype in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is described by Diribarne et al. Similar to mutations giving hypotrichosis in human-LIPH lipH. Backdoor opening mechanism in acetylcholinesterase based on X-ray crystallography and MD simulations is described by Sanson et al. and structure of torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase in Complex with Aflatoxin B1 (Orthorhombic Form) is available (2XI4)

  • May 04, 2011:

    Importance of a new non-PDZ intracellular domain of neuroligin is described by Shipman et al. The role of Phe329 in binding of cationic triarylmethane dyes to human butyrylcholinesterase is analysed by Biberoglu et al. through site directed mutations. Mutations in lipoprotein lipase that block binding to the endothelial cell transporter GPIHBP1 are published by Voss et al. Crystal Structures of the Rhodopseudomonas palustris Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase RPA1163 are available (3R3U, 3R3V, 3R3W, 3R3X, 3R3Y, 3R3Z, 3R40, 3R41, ) and published by Chan et al.. Structures of RedJ-Thioesterase from the Prodiginine biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces coelicolor are available (3QMV, 3QMW) and published by Whicher et al. The family ProteinCluster-CLSK833894 was renamed Abhydrolase_7 (now in Pfam).

  • May 02, 2011:

    X-ray structure of a bound phosphonate transition state analog and enantioselectivity of Candida rugosa lipase toward chiral carboxylic acids (3RAR) is available and published by Colton et al.

  • April 18, 2011:

    Valle et al. describe 19 SNPs in the ACHE gene correlated with catalytic properties and general cardiovascular functions. 7 coding (cSNPs), of which 4 are non-synonymous (one new). Protein expression of ACHE non-synonymous variant (D134H)D134H (SNP6) is impaired. D134H instability could be reversed in the D134H/R136Q mutant.Variation of the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) genes in coronary artery disease are also analysed by Scacchi et al.

  • April 13, 2011:

    Structures of human BChE Co-crystallized with cocaine is available (3O9M) and published by Asojo et al. The structure of olei00960, a hydrolase from Oleispira antarctica is available (3QVM) and soon published by Singer et al. Midwest Center for Structural Genomics (MCSG).

  • April 06, 2011:

    Structures of human BChE inhibited by neurotoxic V-agents determined by the group of F. Nachon are available (2XQF, 2XQG, 2XQI, 2XQJ, 2XQK) and published by Wandhammer et al. The crystal structure of an alpha/beta hydrolase from Sphaerobacter thermophilus DSM 20745.(3R0V) is available and soon published by Tan et al. Center for Structural Genomics (MCSG). Crystal structure of hydrolase domain of human soluble epoxide hydrolase complexed with a benzoxazole inhibitor is available (3PDC) and published by Xing et al.

  • March 30, 2011:

    The structure of human butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by CBDP (2-(ortho-cresyl)-4H-1,2,3-benzodioxaphosphoran-2-one) : Phosphoserine Adduct is published by Carletti et al. and is available soon (2Y1K). A few other structures of human BChE inhibited by neurotoxic V-agents determined by the group of F. Nachon are also available and soon published (2XQF, 2XQG, 2XQI, 2XQJ, 2XQK). A Mutation in LIPN (human-LIPN), Encoding Epidermal Lipase N, causes a late-onset form of autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis published by Israeli et al.

  • March 16, 2011:

    The crystal structure of the cephalosporin deacetylating enzyme acetyl xylan esterase bound to paraoxon explains the low sensitivity of this serine hydrolase to organophosphate inactivation is published by Montoro-Garcia et al. and structures are available soon (2XLB, 2XLC). Crystal structure of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with b-aminoacyl containing thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitor is available (3Q8W) and soon published by Park et al. Crystal structure of ALR0039, a putative alpha/beta hydrolase from Nostoc sp PCC 7120. (3QYJ) is available and soon published by Petit et al. Crystal structure of Acetylcholinesterase in complex with Xenon (3M3D) is available and soon published by Behnen et al. Structure of a decarboxylating thioesterase acting in terminal alkene formation by the thioesterase of curacin a biosynthesis is available (3QIT)

  • March 02, 2011:

    Crystal Structure of a soluble form of human MGLL in complex with an inhibitor (3PE6) is available. A new family (PE-PPE) has been found by Sultana et al.This domain is found C-terminal to the PE and PPE domains. An atypical Butyrylcholinesterase from the Medaka Oryzias latipes (oryla-BCHE) is described by Pezzementi et al. Structure of a decarboxylating thioesterase (9cyan-d0e8e2) acting in terminal alkene formation by the thioesterase of curacin a biosynthesis is published by Gehret et al. and is available soon (3QIT)

  • February 22, 2011:

    Crystal Structure of a soluble form of human MGLL in complex with an inhibitor (3PE6) is published by Schalk-Hihi et al. and will soon be available. A new family (Abhydrolase_9 old Duf_2319) has been found by Lazniewski et al. .

  • February 09, 2011:

    Crystal Structure of Human DPP4 Bound to TAK-986 (3O9V) is available and published by Miyamoto et al. Crystal structure of esterase LipW from Mycobacterium marinum (3QH4) is available and soon published by Edwards, T.E., Abendroth, J., Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID)

  • January 26, 2011:

    Structure of product analog bound form of 3-oxoadipate-enol-lactonase (PcaD) reveals a multifunctional role for the divergent cap domain. is published by Bains et al. and is available (2XUA). Crystal structure of DBJA (HIS-DBJA) Bradyrhizobium japonicum haloalkane dehalogenase is available (3AFI) and published by Prokop et al. Crystal structures of Human and mouse Ndrg2 protein providing insight into its role as a tumor suppressor are available (2XMQ, 2XMR, 2XMS, 2QMQ)and pulished by Hwang et al. Structures of human soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with a synthetic inhibitor are available (3ANS, 3ANT) and published by Tanaka et al. Crystal Structure of Human DPP4 Bound to TAK-100 3O95) is available and published by Miyamoto et al.

  • January 13, 2011:

    We wish you a happy new year. The structure of a secreted lipase from Gibberella zeae reveals a novel double-lock mechanism is published by Lou et al. and is available soon (3NGM). Structures of 3-Pyridylacetic Acid Derivative (TAK-100) as a Potent, Selective and Orally Active Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Inhibitor are published by Miyamoto et al. and are available soon (3O9V, 3O95)

  • December 23, 2010:

    We wish you a happy new year. Please notice the first announcement for the 11th cholinesterase meeting in Kazan organized by Dr Sergei Varfolomeev and Dr Evgeny Nikolsky(see above)

  • December 15, 2010:

    The structure of YahD, a copper-inducible alpha/beta serine hydrolase of Lactococcus lactis IL1403 is published by Martinez et al. and is available (3OG9)

  • December 08, 2010:

    Crystal structure of Smu.1393c from Streptococcus mutans UA159 (3L80 supercededby 4L9A 4L9A) is available and soon published by Wang et al. "Conformational remodeling of femtomolar inhibitor-Acetylcholinesterase complexes in the crystalline state" is published by Bourne et al. and stuctures of Y337A_mouse-ACHE described are available (2XUD,2XUF, 2XUG, 2XUH, 2XUI, 2XUJ, 2XUK, 2XUO, 2XUP, 2XUQ)

  • December 02, 2010:

    X-ray crystallographic snapshots of reaction intermediates in the G117H mutant of human butyrylcholinesterase, a nerve agent target engineered into a catalytic bioscavenger. are available (2XMB, 2XMC, 2XMD, 2XMG) and published by Nachon et al.

  • November 24, 2010:

    Structures and Catalysis of Acylaminoacyl Peptidase: Closed and Open Subunits of a Dimer Oligopeptidase are pulished by Harmat et al. and are available (3O4G, 3O4H, 3O4I, 3O4J) A novel splice-site mutation in ABHD5 human-ABHD5 causes Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome and is described by Cakir et al. Crystal structure of Lip2 lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica at 1.7 A resolution is available (3O0D) published by Bordes et al.

  • November 18, 2010:

    Structures and Catalysis of Acylaminoacyl Peptidase: Closed and Open Subunits of a Dimer Oligopeptidase are available (3O4G, 3O4H, 3O4I, 3O4J) and soon published by Harmat et al.

  • November 12, 2010:

    The structure of an alpha/beta fold family hydrolase from Bacillus anthracis str. Sterne (3OOS) is available and soon published by Fan et al. The structure of YahD, a copper-inducible alpha/beta serine hydrolase of Lactococcus lactis IL1403 is published by Martinez et al. and available soon (3OG9)

  • October 27, 2010:

    Structure of soluble epoxide hydrolase in complex with pyrazole antagonist is available (3OTQ) and published by Lo et al. Crystal Structure of Leishmania Major Oligopeptidase B (2XE4) is published by McLuskey et al.. Many mutants of neuroligin had been missed and are now included. (see the list)

  • October 10, 2010:

    Crystal Structure of Leishmania Major Oligopeptidase B (2XE4) is available and soon published by Mcluskey et al. Crystal structure of Lip2 lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica at 1.7 A resolution is published by Bordes et al. and is available soon (3O0D) New high-activity mutants of human Butyrylcholinesterase against (-)-Cocaine are described by Zheng et al.

  • October 01, 2010:

    A mutation in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens acetylcholinesterase (G185S) responsible for a 25x fold decrease in methamidiphos sensitivity is described by Yang et al.. A special issue of Journal of Pesticide Science on carboxylesterases functions appeared last month (see the list of papers). In this issue we introduced new tools of the ESTHER database for comparing insecticid resistance mutations: (List of queries, Mutalign for insecticide resistance).

  • September 22, 2010:

    Crystal Structures of the Carboxylesterase PA3859 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (3CN7, 3CN9) are published by Pesaresi et al. Structure of O-Methylphosphorylated Torpedo Acetylcholinesterase obtained by reaction with methyl paraoxon (AGED) is available (3GEL) and soon published by Millard et al. The crystal structure of a hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 (3OM8) is available and soon published by Tan et al.

  • September 15, 2010:

    Strucutre of human DPP-IV with (2S,3S,11bS)-3-(3-Fluoromethyl-phenyl)-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ylamine is available (3KWJ) and published by Boehringer et al..

  • September 01, 2010:

    Mutations in ABHD12 (human-ABHD12) responsible for the PHARC disease (Polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract) are published by Fiskerstrand et al..

  • August 18, 2010:

    Structure of thioesterase from tautomycetin biosynthetic pathway is available (3LCR)and published by Scaglione et al.. A new family was isolated from the AlphaBeta hydrolase family : CGI-58_ABHD5_ABHD4.

  • August 11, 2010:

    Crystal structure of human DPP-IV in complex with Sa-(+)-(6-(aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)(morpholino)methanone (3NOX) is available and published by Meng et al. Crystal structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG_6394 orthologue of Rv3802c is available (3AJA) and published by Crellin et al.. Structures of Rv0554 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (3E3A, 3HSS, 3HYS, 3HZO) are published by Johnston et al. The proceedings of the Xth meeting on cholinesterase in Sibenik are available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • August 04, 2010:

    Crystal structure of Proline iminopeptidase Mycobacterium smegmatis (3NWO) is available and soon published by Arakaki et al. Crystal structure of a putative acetyl xylan esterase (BF1801) from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 at 2.30 A resolution(3NUZ) is available and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG).

  • July 29, 2010:

    Crystal structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG_6394 orthologue of Rv3802c is published by Crellin et al. and is available soon (3AJA). It is close to the structure of Lysin B a mycolylarabinogalactan esterase of Mycobacteriophage (3HC7) published by Payne et al. A number of structures had been missed : 2QJW, 3DS8, 3FLE, 3FNB, 3G8Y, 3GA7, 3H04, 3HC7, 3HXK, 3I1I, 3III, 3FOB. A new family was introduced: Abhydrolase_7 (previously named ProteinCluster-CLSK833894).

  • July 26, 2010:

    Structure of thioesterase from tautomycetin biosynthetic pathway is published by Scaglione et al. and available soon (3LCR). Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase DPP7 complexed with inhibitor GSK237826A is available (3N0T) and soon published by Dobrovetsky et al. Structure of pseudomonas fluorescens esterase complexed to the R-enantiomer of a sulfonate transition state analog (3IA2) is available and soon published by Jiang et al. The Structure of Human Prolylcarboxypeptidase at 2.80 Angstroms Resolution published by Soisson et al. and is available (3N2Z). The alpha/beta-Hydrolase Fold 3DM Database (ABHDB) as a Tool for Protein Engineering is published by Kourist et al. and available at ABHDB. ThYme: Thioester-active Enzymes database is available at ThYme and published by Cantu et al.

  • June 23, 2010:

    Revisited crystal structure of Neurexin1beta-Neuroligin4 complex published by Leone et al. is available (2XB6). Crystal structure of Prolyl Oligopeptidase with a Synthetic Unnatural Dipeptide (2XDW) is available and soon published by Racys et al.

  • June 17, 2010:

    The Structure of Human Prolylcarboxypeptidase at 2.80 Angstroms Resolution is published by Soisson et al. and is available soon (3N2Z). Structural analysis of thermostabilizing mutations of cocaine esterase is published by Narasimhan et al. and related structures are available (3I2F, 3I2G, 3I2H, 3I2I, 3I2J, 3I2K). Revisited crystal structure of Neurexin1beta-Neuroligin4 complex is published by Leone et al. and is available soon (2XB6). An important paper on drosophila neuroligin (drome-dnlg1) is published by Banovic et al.

  • June 12, 2010:

    The crystal structure of PhaZ7 depolymerase from Paucimonas lemoignei at atomic (1.2 Angstrom) resolution: free PhaZ7 and PhaZ7-SO2 complex are available (2X76, 2X5X) and published by Wakadkar et al. The crystal structure of the hyperthermophilic esterase from the archeon Pyrobaculum calidifontis is available (3ZWQ (replaced 2WIR, 17 aug 2011)) and will be soon published by Palm et al.

  • June 4, 2010:

    The crystal structure of PhaZ7 depolymerase from Paucimonas lemoignei at atomic (1.2 Angstrom) resolution: free PhaZ7 and PhaZ7-SO2 complex are published by Wakadkar et al. and will soon be available (2X76, 2X5X).

  • May 26, 2010:

    Acetyl xylan esterase (TM0077) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.40 A resolution (PMSF inhibitor complex structure) is available (3M82) and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). Crystal structures of Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 lipase (PML) are available (3A6Z, 3A70) and published by Angkawidjaja et al. A higher resolution structure of Rv0554 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexed with malonic acid (3HSS) is available and soon published by Johnston et al.

  • May 12, 2010:

    Structures of Aeromonas punctata Prolyl Endopeptidase revealing an induced-fit mechanism for prolyl endopeptidase are available (3IUJ, 3IUL, 3IUM, 3IUN, 3IUQ, 3IUR, 3IVM) and published by Li et al. Crystal structure of Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 lipase (PML) in the open conformation following dialysis against Ca-free buffer is published by Angkawidjaja et al. and is available soon (3A6Z). Acetyl xylan esterase (TM0077) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.12 A resolution (paraoxon inhibitor complex structure) is available (3M83) and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG).

  • April 30, 2010:

    Crystal structure of human acetylcholinesterase inhibited by aged tabun and complexed with fasciculin-II is available (2X8B) and published by Carletti et al. Structure of haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA14 mutant I135F from Rhodococcus rhodochrous is available (3G9X) and soon published by Stsiapanava et al. Crystal Structure of soluble epoxide Hydrolase is available (3KOO) and published by Eldrup et al.

  • April 23, 2010:

    Non-aged conjugate of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase with soman (alternative refinement) is available (3GUU)published by Sanson et al. .Crystal structure of polyneuridine aldehyde esterase mutant (H244A) is available (2WFM) and published by Yang et al.. Acetyl xylan esterase (TM0077) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.50 A resolution (native apo structure) is available (3M81) and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). 2.4 Angstrom Crystal Structure of Ferric Enterobactin Esterase (fes) from Salmonella typhimurium is available (3MGA) and soon published by Minasov et al.

  • April 01, 2010:

    Structure of Candida Antarctica lipase A is available (3GUU) and soon published by Brandt et al. AChE in complex with methylene blue is available (5E4T 2W9I was replaced by 5E4T) and soon published by Paz et al.

  • March 25, 2010:

    The L29P/L124I mutation of Pseudomonas fluorescens esterase structure (3HEA) available and published by Yin de et al. Crystal structure of Putative hydrolase (YP_002548124.1) from Agrobacterium vitis S4 at 1.80 A resolution is available (3LLC) and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG) Structure of an iterative polyketide synthase thioesterase domain catalyzing Claisen cyclization in aflatoxin biosynthesis is published by Korman et al. and available soon (3ILS)

  • March 17, 2010:

    The crystal structure of the putative cell surface hydrolase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, the first structure from Duf_915 family (3LP5) is available and soon published by Zhang et al. Structure of recombinant human acetylcholinesterase is available (3LII) and soon published by Dvir et al. Crystal structure of an S-Formylglutathione hydrolase from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 is published by Alterio et al. and is available soon (3LS2)

  • March 04, 2010:

    Switching Catalysis from Hydrolysis to Perhydrolysis revealed through structure of Pseudomonas fluorescens Esterase (3HI4) is published by Yin et al. Crystal Structure of a Triacylglycerol Lipase from Penicillium Expansum at 1.3 is available (3G7N) and published by Bian et al. Structure of cocaine Esterase, with mutations L169K and G173Q, bound to a DTT adduct is available (3IDA) and published by Brim et al.

  • February 17, 2010:

    Crystal structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with pyrimidinone and pyrimidinedione inhibitors are available (3G0B, 3G0C, 3G0D, 3G0G) and soon published by Zhang et al. The paper on structure of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) inhibitory factor Cif is published: Bahl et al

  • February 03, 2010:

    Structure of haloalkane dehalogenase mutant Dha15 (I135F/C176Y) from Rhodococcus rhodochrous is available (3FWH) and soon published by Stsiapanava et al. Crystal structures of 1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase (QDO) from Pseudomonas putida is available (3IBT)and published by Steiner et al.

  • January 28, 2010:

    Crystal structures of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) inhibitory factor Cif (protein PA2934 pseae-PA2934), a virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are available (3KD2, 3KDA) and soon published by Bahl et al Crystal structures of the cofactor-devoid 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) from Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus RU61A (2WJ3, 2WJ4, 2WJ6, 2WM2) are available. Structures of Human Monoglyceride Lipase published by Bertrand et al. are available (3JWE, 3JW8). Structures of Bacillus pumilus acetyl xylan esterase are a vailable (3FYT, 3FYU)and soon published by Krastanova et al. Crystal Structure of the Vitamin B(6) Degradative Enzyme (E)-2-(Acetamidomethylene)succinate Hydrolase is published by McCulloch et al and available soon (3KXP) Structures of human butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by analogues of Tabun published by Carletti et al. had been missed (2WID, 2WIF, 2WIG, 2WIJ, 2WIK, 2WIL, 2WSL) The two genes of cat flea Ctenocephalides felis are available (ctefe-ACHE1, ctefe-ACHE2) and published by Ilg et al.

  • January 21, 2010:

    Crystal Structure of Human Liver Carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) in covalent complex with the nerve agent Cyclosarin (GF) (3K9B) is available and published by Hemmert et al. Crystal structures of the cofactor-devoid 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (HOD) from Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus RU61A and of 1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase (QDO) from Pseudomonas putida (2WJ3, 2WJ4, 2WJ6, 2WM2, 3IBT) are published by Steiner et al. and are available soon Crystal structures of Promiscuous Feruloyl Esterase (Est1E) from the Rumen Bacterium Butyrivibrio Proteoclasticus (2WTM, 2WTN) are availale and published by Goldstone et al. Crystal structure of EstE5 from Uncultured bacterium clone pUE5 soaked by FeCl3 CuSO4 and ZnSO4 (3L1H, 3L1I, 3L1J)are available and soon published by Nam and Hwang Arabidopsis N-MYC DOWNREGULATED-LIKE1, a positive regulator of auxin transport in a G protein-mediated pathway Mudgil et al.

  • January 13, 2010:

    Structures of human DPP-IV with with carmegliptin (S)-1-((2S,3S,11bS)-2-Amino-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-3-yl)-4-fluoromethyl-pyrrolidin-2-one and with HTS hit (2S,3S,11bS)-3-Butyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ylamine (3OC0(on 25 August 2010 3OC0 superseded 3KWF, 3KWH) are availble and published by Mattei et al. 3D Structure of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase complexed with N-piperidinopropyl-galanthamine and with N-saccharinohexyl-galanthamine (3I6M, 3I6Z) are availble and published by Bartolucci et al.

  • January 05, 2010:

    We wish you a happy new year.Crystal Structures of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Bacillus pumilus, monoclinic crystal form I and II (3FVR, 3FVT)are available and soon published by Krastanova et al.

  • December 28, 2009:

    Joyeuses Fêtes. Crystal structure of Putative serine hydrolase (NP_639225.1) (xanca-XCC3885) from Xanthomonas campestris (3KSR) is available and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). Structures of Hsad,2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase BPHD, a Steroid-Degrading Hydrolase, from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis are available (2VF2, 2WUD, 2WUE, 2WUF, 2WUG) and published by Lack et al. A putative AChE (hydvu-ACHE) from Hydra magnipapillata is published by Takahashi et al. Growth retardation, impaired triacylglycerol catabolism, hepatic steatosis, and lethal skin barrier defect are described by Radner et al. in mice lacking comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58)ABHD5(mouse-abhd5)

  • December 11, 2009:

    Crystal structure of human monoglyceride lipase (3HJU) is available and published by Labar et al. For the same enzyme the structural basis for human mono-glyceride lipase inhibition is published by Bertrand et al. and structures available soon (3JWE, 3JW8). The 6 mutations in AChE gene boomi-ACHE3 of Boophilus microplus are further analysed by Temeyer et al.

  • November 21, 2009:

    Four AChE1 mutations were found in resistant strains of T. urticae (F331Y,A280T, G328A, A201S) and three of them, F331W, G328A and A201S, are possibly involved in resistance to OP and CARB insecticides. Published by Khajehali et al. Crystal structure of Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 lipase in an open conformation (2ZVD) is available and soon published by Angkawidjaja et al. Crystal Structure of Acetyl Xylan Esterase 1 from Thermoanaerobacterium sp. JW/SL YS485 (3FCY) is available and soon published by Krastanova et al.

  • October 21, 2009:

    Crystal structures of oxime-bound fenamiphos-acetylcholinesterases are published by Hornberg et al. and are available (2WU3, 2WU4). Crystal structure of human Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 4 (3K2I) is available and soon published by Siponen et al.

  • October 14, 2009:

    Crystal Structures of human soluble epoxide Hydrolase with inhibitors (3I1Y, 3I28)and published by Eldrup et al.Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase DPP7 is available (3JYH) and soon published by Dobrovetsky et al.

  • October 08, 2009:

    Structure of a circular permutation on Lipase B from Candida Antartica are available (3ICV, 3ICW)and published by Qian et al. Structure of Aspergillus oryzae cutinase is available (3GBS) and soon published by Gosser et al.

  • September 09, 2009:

    Crystal structure of Mus musculus Acetylcholinesterase in complex with AMTS13 (2WLS) is available and published by Pang et al. Structure of neuroligin in complex with neurexin (new version) is available (2WQZ replace 2VH8) by Fabrichny et al.Structures of a Hormone-Sensitive Lipase like EstE5 from a Metagenome Library had been missed (3G9Z, 3G9T, 3G9U, 3H1A, 3H1B, 3H17, 3H18, 3H19) structures in complex with PMSF are published by Nam et al. Crystal structures of oxime-bound fenamiphos-acetylcholinesterases are published by Hornberg et al. and are available soon (2WU3, 2WU4)

  • September 03, 2009:

    Structures of Prolyl oligopeptidase complexed with R-Pro-(decarboxy-Pro)-Type inhibitors (3EQ7, 3EQ8, 3EQ9) are available and published by Kanai et al.

  • August 19, 2009:

    Crystal structure of polyneuridine aldehyde esterase and in complex with 16-epi-Vellosimine(2WFL, 3GZJ) are available and published by Yang et al.. Structural and Kinetic Study of an S-Formylglutathione Hydrolase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (3E4D) is availble and published by van Straaten et al.. Crystal structures of a rice cell wall degrading esterase LipA from Xanthomonas oryzae (3H2G, 3H2H, 3H2I, 3H2J, 3H2K) are available and published by Aparna et al.

  • August 12, 2009:

    A new family had been missing: TTHA1544-like. Structure of the minimized alpha/beta-hydrolase fold protein (teth8-Q5SI36) from Thermus thermophilus HB8,(2DST) is available and published by Xie et al. Crystallographic Snapshots of Nonaged and Aged Conjugates of Soman with Acetylcholinesterase, and of a Ternary Complex of the Aged Conjugate with Pralidoxime are published by Sanson et al. and are available (2WFZ, 2WG0, 2WG1, 2WG2). The third crystal structure of esterase D from lactobacillus rhamnosus (Snapshots of esterase D: Insights into a novel rotation driven catalytic mechanism) (3E1G)is available and soon published by Bennett et al. Crystal Structure of SACOL2612 - CocE/NonD family hydrolase from Staphylococcus aureus is available (3IB3)and soon published by Domagalski et al.

  • July 29, 2009:

    Structure of an esterase from the oil-degrading bacterium Oleispira antarctica is available (3I6Y) and soon publisshed by Singer et al. Structure of Cutinase-ECE-Pincer-Metal Hybrids (3EF3, 3ESA, 3ESB, 3ESC, 3ESD) published by Rutten et al. are available.

  • July 22, 2009:

    Crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase, phosphonylated by sarin (aged and non-aged) in complex with HI-6 published by Ekstrom et al. are available (2WHP, 2WHQ, 2WHR). Alcaligenes esterase complexed with product analogue is available (2WKW) and soon published by Bourne et al. Crystal structure of esterase D from lactobacillus rhamnosus (Snapshots of esterase D: Insights into a novel rotation driven catalytic mechanism) (3DKR, 3DLT) are available and soon published by Bennett et al. Structure of the hydroxynitrile lyase from Arabidopsis thaliana is available (3DQZ) and soon published by Andexer et al. The structure of DPP4 in complex with piperidine fused benzimidazole 25 and imidazopyridine 34 are available (3HAB, 3HAC) and published by Edmondson et al. d14, a strigolactone insensitive mutant of rice (orysj-Q10QA5, Os03g0437600), shows an accelerated outgrowth of tillers is published by Arite et al.

  • June 24, 2009:

    Crystal structure of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with (3,3-Difluoro-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-[(2S,4S)-(4-(4-pyrimidin-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-methanone: a potent, selective, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor is available (3F8S) and published by Ammirati et al. Crystal structures of human plasma platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase covalently inhibited by Sarin, Soman, Tabun, DFP are available (3F96, 3F97, 3F98, 3F9C) and published by Samanta et al. Crystal structure of human mitochondrial acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT2)published by Mandel et al. is available (3HLK). A novel cutinase-like protein from Cryptococcus sp.(2CZQ) is published by Kodama et al. Crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase, phosphonylated by sarin (aged and non-aged) in complex with HI-6 are published by Ekstrom et al. and are available soon (2WHP, 2WHQ, 2WHR) Comparative and functional genomics of lipases in holometabolous insects are published by Horne et al. alpha/beta Hydrolase Fold; an Update is published by Carr and Ollis

  • June 17, 2009:

    Structures of enantioselective mutant of epoxide hydrolase from Aspergillus niger generated by directed evolution (3G02) and in complex with valpromide (2-propylpentanamide) (3G0I) are available and published by Reetz et al.. Crystal Structure of Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (CD26) in Complex with a Reversed Amide Inhibitor (3H0C) and published by Nordhoff et al. Crystal structure of human mitochondrial acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT2) is published by Mandel et al. and available soon (3HLK) Structures of the Alkalohyperthermophilic Archaeoglobus fulgidus Lipase are available (2ZYI, 2ZYH, 2ZYR, 2ZYS)and published by Chen et al.

  • June 03, 2009:

    Crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase in complex with K027 (2WHR) is available and soon published by Ekstrom, F., Hornberg, A., Artursson, E., Hammarstrom, L.G., Schneider, G., Pang, Y.P.

  • May 24, 2009:

    Structures of the Alkalohyperthermophilic Archaeoglobus fulgidus Lipase are published by Chen et al. and available soon (2ZYI, 2ZYH, 2ZYR, 2ZYS). A new mutation in thyroglobulin causing congenital goitres with hypothyroidism R2336X_human-TG is published by Machiavelli et al. Mutations in thyroglobulin are updated: Goiter familial with hypothyroidism autosomal recessive. Defect in NON YELLOW COLORING 3 (orysa-q69xr2), an alpha/beta hydrolase-fold family protein, causes a stay green phenotype during leaf senescence in rice is published by Morita et al. An orthologue(arath-Q9FFZ1) in Arabidopsis thaliana is described by Schelbert et al.

  • April 10, 2009:

    Structure of AChE in complex with a bis-(-)-nor-meptazinol (2W6C) is available and published by Paz et al. Structure of human palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (3GRO) is available and soon published by Dobrovetsky et al.

  • March 10, 2009:

    Crystal structure of IroE-like serine hydrolase (NP_718593.1) from Shewanella oneidensis at 2.12 A resolution (3GFF) is available and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). Crystal Structures of the Carboxylesterase PA3859 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (3CN7, 3CN9) are available and soon published by Pesaresi, A. and Lamba, D.

  • February 27, 2009:

    Entries for amphioxus genome begin to be introduced (although many genes or pseudo genes seem to be mixed up in this organism. The animal sequenced was heterozygote and some of the sequences introduced may be alleles). Saccoglossus kowalevskii (Acorn worm) (Hemichordate) Acylcholinesterase (sacko-ACHE3) was also introduced. Structure of Cutinase-ECE-Pincer-Metal Hybrids (3EF3, 3ESA, 3ESB, 3ESC, 3ESD) are published by Rutten et al. and soon available. Mutations (K14Q/N354D_aphgo-cxest) in Aphis gossypii carboxylesterase are responsible for malathion resistance: Published by Pan et al.

  • February 18, 2009:

    The web site of the 10th ChE meeting is now up and running and open for registration(10-che.imi.hr). Crystal structures and biochemical properties of a novel thermostable esterase containing an immunoglobulin-like domain (3DOH, 3DOI) are available and published by Levisson et al. Structure of Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase FA1 (1Y37) is published by Jitsumori et al.

  • February 11, 2009:

    The web site of the 10th ChE meeting is now up and running and open for registration(10-che.imi.hr). Crystal structure of a Hormone-Sensitive Lipase like EstE5 (9bact-Q0GMU2) from a Metagenome Library is available (3FAK) and published by Nam et al., Crystal Structure Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (9bact-Q0GMU1) from a Metagenome Library is available (3DNM) and published also by Nam et al. 2 Cyprinus carpio ache mRNA for acetylcholinesterase(cypca-ACHE) is available and published by Sato et al.

  • January 28, 2009:

    Crystal structure of alpha/beta superfamily hydrolase (oenob-q04d10) from Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 (3FSG) is available and soon published by Nocek B. et al. Acetylcholinesterase genes (ace1 orcvi-ACHE1 and ace2 orcvi-ACHE2) in the basal Hexapod Orchesella villosa are available Nardi et al.. Locusta migratoria manilensis (Oriental migratory locust) ace1 locmi-ACHE1 is also available by Zhou,X. and Xia,Y.

  • January 05, 2009:

    Happy new year to all users of ESTHER!! Activation Mechanism of Bacterial Thermoalkalophilic Lipases is published by Carrasco-Lopez et al. and structure (2W22) soon available. RifR - Type II thioesterase from Rifamycin NRPS/PKS biosynthetic pathway structures are published by Claxton et al. and available (3FLA, 3FLB)

  • December 11, 2008:

    Complex structure of the external thioesterase of the Surfactin-synthetase with a carrier domain (2K2Q) is availaible and published by Koeglin et al. .Another associated paper is available Frueh et al.. Crystal structure of human esterase D: a potential genetic marker of retinoblastoma is available (3FCX) and soon published by Wu et al.

  • December 04, 2008:

    Structural basis for gibberellin recognition by its receptor GID1 is published by Shimada et al. and structures are available (3EBL, 3ED1). Crystal Structures of aged and non aged form of human and mouse butyrylcholinesterases inhibited by Tabun (3DJY, 3DKK, 3DL4, 3DL7) are available and published by Carletti et al.. Crystal structures of D337A and D157A mutants of Pseudomonas sp. MIS38 lipase are available (2ZJ6, 2ZJ7) and published by Kuwahara et al.. Crystal structure of putative dienelactone hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH 78578 is available (3F67) and soon published by Kim et al. Mutation in acetylcholinesterase1 (9neop-ACHE1) associated with triazophos resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is published by Jiang et al. and available (A314S_9neop-ACHE1)

  • November 22, 2008:

    Crystal Structures of aged and non aged form of human and mouse butyrylcholinesterases inhibited by Tabun (3DJY, 3DKK, 3DL4, 3DL7 )are published by Carletti et al. and are soon availaible. Crystal structures of a Thermostable Esterase EstA native and in complex with paraoxon (3DOI, 3DOH) are published by Levisson et al. and soon available. Crystal Structures of Glomerella cingulata cutinase are published by Nyon et al. and are available (3DCN, 3DD5, 3DEA)Crystal Structure Analysis of DPPIV with homopiperazine derivative with beta-aminoacyl group (3EIO) is published by Ahn et al. Acetylcholinesterase genes (ace1 and ace2) in the basal Hexapod Orchesella villosa are published by Nardi et al.

  • November 05, 2008:

    Crystal Structures of Human DPP4 in complex with a benzimidazole derivatives(3CCB, 3CCC) are available and published by Wallace et al. Crystal Structure Analysis of DPPIV with homopiperazine derivative with beta-aminoacyl group (3EIO) is available and soon published by Ahn et al.

  • October 11, 2008:

    Crystal structures of deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase are available (2VAT, 2VAV, 2VAX) and published by Lejon et al.. The crystal structure of a Lipase-esterase related protein from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (CASP Target) (3E0X)is available and soon published by Tan et al. The proceedings of the IXth meeting on cholinesterase in Suzhou are available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • September 22, 2008:

    Crystal structures of human plasma platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase are available (3D59, 3D5E) and published by Samanta et al. Structure of the Rhodococcus haloalkane dehalogenase mutant with enhanced enantioselectivity is available (2V9Z) and soon published by Koudelakova et al.

  • September 03, 2008:

    The crystal structure of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZ7 from Paucimonas lemoignei is available (2VTV, Papageorgiou et al.) Organophosphates resistance in Bemisia tabaci is associated with a point mutation (F392W_bemta-ACHE1) in an ace1-type acetylcholinesterase (bemta-ACHE1) and overexpression of carboxylesterase is published by Alon et al. Mechanisms of resistance to malathion in the medfly Ceratitis capitata are studied by Magana et al. (G328A_cerca-ACHE) The proceedings of the IXth meeting on cholinesterase in Suzhou begin to be available in Chemico-Biological Interactions. View the list.

  • August 20,2008:

    Structure of Prolyl Oligopeptidase with GSK552 is available (3DDU) and published by Haffner et al. Structures of S-formylglutathione hydrolase are available (1PV1, 3C6B) and published by Legler et al.. The crystal structure of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZ7 purified from Paucimonas lemoignei is published by Papageorgiou et al. and soon available (2VTV).Structures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with a non hydrolysable substrate analogue, 4-Oxo-N,N,N- Trimethylpentanaminium (2VJA, 2VJB, 2VJC, 2VJD, 2VT6, 2VT7)are published by Colletier et al. Structures of human pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (2OXE, 2PVS) are published by Eydoux et al. The A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G human butyrylcholinesterase mutation gives 2000-fold improved catalytic efficiency against-cocaine as published by Zheng et al.

  • August 13,2008:

    Structure of the external thioesterase of the Surfactin-Synthetase bacsu-srf4 is available (2RON) and soon published by Koglin et al. Solution Structure of the thiolation-thioesterase di-domain of enterobactin synthetase component F ecoli-entf is available (2ROQ) and soon published by Frueh et al. Structure of reaction product of paraoxon and S-formylglutathione hydrolase yeast-yjg8 W197I mutant is available (3C6B) and soon published by Legler et al.

  • August 06,2008:

    Structures of hydroxynitrile lyase HNL from Hevea brasiliensis to atomic resolution (3C6X, 3C6Y, 3C6Z, 3C70)are available and published by Schmidt et al.. Structures of Epoxide Hydrolase B from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Complex with a Urea-Based Inhibitor are available (2E3J, 2ZJF) and published by Biswal et al..

  • July 29,2008:

    Structure of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and a oxadiazolyl ketone (2QKY) is available and published by Koo et al.. Structures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase in complex with a non hydrolysable substrate analogue, 4-Oxo-N,N,N- Trimethylpentanaminium are available (2VJA, 2VJB, 2VJC, 2VJD, 2VT6, 2VT7) and soon published by Colletier et al. Structure of a Y149F mutant of epoxide hydrolase from Solanum tuberosum is available (3CXU) and publised by Thomaeus et al. Crystal structure of the LpqC, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase from Bordetella parapertussis is available (3D0K) and soon publised by Kim et al. Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 in complex with a novel inhibitor (3D4L) is available and publised by Liang et al. Structure of dipepdyl peptidase IV in complex with inhibitor PZF (2QJR) is available and soon published by Stephen et al. Structure of thermostable mutants of Bacillus subtilis lipase obtained through directed evolution (3D2A,3D2B,3D2C) are published by Ahmad et al. A new mutation in olive fly AChE associated to organophosphate resistance (Q642-644del) is published by Kakani et al.

  • June 18,2008:

    Two new mutations of the human BCHE gene (IVS3-14TC and L574fsX576) described by Parmo-Folloni et al.

  • June 11,2008:

    Crystal structure of lipase/esterase (lp_2923) from Lactobacillus plantarum. Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium target LpR108 (3D3N) is available and soon published by Forouhar et al. Structure of a Trypanosoma brucei alpha/beta-hydrolase fold protein with unknown function (2Q0X) is available and published by Merritt et al.

  • June 04,2008:

    Structure of thermostable mutants of Bacillus subtilis lipase obtained through directed evolution (3D2A,3D2B,3D2C) are available and soon published by Ahmad et al. Crystal Structure of Thioflavin T Bound to the Peripheral Site of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase (2J3Q) is published by Harel et al.

  • May 20,2008:

    Crystal Structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with 1-(3,4-dimethowy-phenyl)-3-m-tolyl-piperidine-4-ylamine is available (2JID) and soon published byHennig et al..Crystal Structure of Aeropyrum pernix acylaminoacyl peptidase, H367A mutant is available (2QR5) and published by Kiss et al.. Two CES1 Gene Mutations(G143E, D260frameshift) Leading to Dysfunctional Carboxylesterase 1 Activity in Man are described by Zhu et al. AChE mutation in diazinon-resistant Haematobie irritans (horn fly) G262A is described and published by Temeyer et al..

  • April 24,2008:

    Crystal structure of human DPP-IV in complex with BMS-477118 (3BJM) is available and published by Metzler et al.. Human dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 in complex with flouroolefin inhibitor are availble (3C43, 3C45) and published by Edmondson et al. Mutations in Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase enlarging a back channel (W121A W121E - W83 in mature protein - Torpedo number 84) are studied by Nachon et al.

  • April 16,2008:

    Structural Mechanism of Demethylation and Inactivation of Protein Phosphatase 2A is published by Xing et al. and structures of PP2A-specific methylesterase are available (3C5V, 3C5W)

  • April 02,2008:

    Crystal Structure of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Epoxide Hydrolase B Complexed With an Inhibitor is available (2ZJF) and soon published by Biswal et al.

  • March 21,2008:

    Crystal structure of human DPP-4 with inhibitor Alogliptin is available (2ONC) and soon published by Feng et al.. Structure of DPPIV in complex with substituted cis-3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl inhibitor (2RIP) is published by Corbett et al..

  • February 29,2008:

    Crystal Structure of Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase IV from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is available (2ECF) and soon published by Nakajima et al. structure of the proline iminopeptidase-related protein TTHA1809 from Thermus thermophilus HB8 is available (2YYS) and published by Okai et al.Crystal structures of the enterobactin esterase IroD from Shigella flexneri are available (3C87, 3C8D, 3C8H) and soon published by Kim et al. Crystal structure of IroE protein from Bacillus cereus (2QM0) by same authors had been omitted. Four new nonsynonymous naturally occurring BCHE mutations (K12R, V294M,G333C, R470W)are described by Mikami et al.

  • February 20,2008:

    Structures of prolyl tripeptidyl aminopeptidase from Porphyromonas gingivalis are available (2EEP, 2Z3W, 2Z3Z) and published by Xu et al.. Structure of the extracellular cholinesterase-like domain from neuroligin-2 is available (3BL8) and published by Koehnke et al.. Crystal structures of deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase are soon available (2VAT, 2VAV, 2VAX) and published by Lejon et al.. Non classical roles of cholinesterases are analysed in minireview series in FEBS Journal by: Soreq, Greenfield, Paraoanu, Inestrosa, Jiang. Study of Acetylcholinesterase from the invertebrate Ciona intestinalis is published by Frederick et al.

  • February 06,2008:

    Crystal structures of human valacyclovir hydrolase(human-BPHL) (mutants and with inhibitor) are available (2OCG, 2OCI, 2OCK, 2OCL) and published by Lai et al. Crystal structure of putative carboxylesterase (NP_786266.1) from Lactobacillus plantarum (3BXP) is available and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). 3BE8 and 2ORY 2QVB are available

  • January 23,2008:

    Crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) complex with cyclic hydrazine derivatives is available (2OLE) and published by Ahn et al. Crystal structure of an alpha/beta hydrolase (YP_496220.1) from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444 (3BWX) is available

  • January 15,2008:

    1.1 resolution structures of ybfF, a new esterase from Escherichia coli: a unique substrate-binding crevice generated by domain arrangement (3BF7, 3BF8) are available and soon published by Park et al. Structural basis for the cold adaptation of psychrophilic M37 lipase from Photobacterium lipolyticum. is published by Jung et al. (2ORY) and soon available.3B3Q is available. 11 new mutations in ColQ responsible for congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS)with end-plate AChE deficiency are described by Mihaylova et al.

  • January 06,2008:

    Happy new year to all ESTHER users. End of 2007 was particularly fruitful. Best whishes for 2008. Structures of neuroligins alone or in complex with neurexins (2WQZ, 3BE8, 3BIW, 3BIX, 3B3Q, 3BL8) are published by Fabrichny et al., Arac et al., Chen et al., and available or soon available. Structure of putative carboxylesterase (NP_784706.1) from Lactobacillus plantarum at 2.09 A resolution (3BJR) is available and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). Structure of human pancreatic lipase related protein 2 mutant N336Q (2PVS) is available and soon published by Eydoux et al. Crystal Structures of the Bacillus subtilis lipase crystallized at low pH are available (2QXT, 2QXU) and published by Rajakumara et al. Structure of Candida Antarctica Lipase A (2VEO) is published by Ericsson et al.

  • December 12, 2007:

    Few omitted structures: Crystal structure of T1 lipase (2Z5G,2DSN) is available and published by Matsumura et al The crystal structure of the Esta protein, a virulence factor from Streptococcus pneumoniae (2UZ0) is available and published by Kim et al. Crystal structure of hypothetical protein PA2218 from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (2HDW) is available and soon published by Fedorov et al.Structures of Haloalkane dehalogenase Rv2579 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2QVB, 2O2H, 2O2I) are published by Mazumdar et al. and soon available. Recently new findings support the neuroligin pathway in autism. In particular the R451C mutant mice (R451C_mouse-3neur identical to human mutation R451C_human-NLGN3) showed impaired social interactions but enhanced spatial learning abilities. Tabuchi et al. Comments in Garber et al., Crawley et al. More references in Neuroligin autism pages Neuroligin 3 autism. More to come with structures of neuroligins

  • December 04, 2007:

    The crystal structure of epoxide hydrolase B (Rv1938) from mycobacterium tuberculosis at 2.1 angstrom (2E3J) is available and soon published by Biswal et al. Structure of Burkholderia cepacia lipase complexed with S-inhibitor (2NW6) is available and published by Luic et al. Structure of Candida Antarctica Lipase A (2VEO) is available and shows a novel lid structure and a likely mode of interfacial activation. Soon published by Ericsson et al. We had also missed Crystal structure of the thermophilic esterase from alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius G84S EST2 mutant (2HM7) by Mandrich et al. New mutations in AChE gene boomi-ACHE3 of Boophilus microplus. R86Q_boomi-ACHE3 yields organophosphate-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. Published by Temeyer et al.

  • November 29, 2007:

    Crystal structure of predicted CIB-like hydrolase (NP_393672.1) from Thermoplasma acidophilum at 1.45 A resolution (3BDI) and Crystal structure of YdeN-like protein of unknown function (DUF1234 Hydrolase_RBBP9_YdeN) (YP_051181.1) from Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica SCRI1043 at 1.66 A resolution (3BDV) are available and are soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG).

  • November 21, 2007:

    Crystal Structures of a caged analogue to study the traffic of choline within acetylcholinesterase are available (2V98, 2V97, 2V96, 2VA9)and published by Colletier et al. Crystal structure of homoserine O-acetyltransferase from Leptospira interrogans is available (2PL5, Wang et al.). We are sorry to be late to highlight the publication by Ekstrom et al.. of structures of AChE in complex with Tabun and Hlo-7 (2JF0, 2JEZ, 2JEY)

  • November 13, 2007:

    Crystal structures of the Luciferase from Renilla Reniformis are available (2PSD, 2PSE,2PSF, 2PSH, 2PSJ) and published by Loening et al. Crystal structure of N-myc downstream regulated 2 (15277975) from Mus musculus at 1.70 A resolution is available (2QMQ) by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG)(first structure in this family). Crystal structures of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 in complex with 4-aryl cyclohexylanine inhibitor (2QTB, 2QT9) are available and published by Kaelin et al. And in complex with a triazolopiperazine-based beta amino acid inhibitor (2QOE) published by Kowalchick et al. Crystal structure of complex of human DPP4 and (BI 1356): A highly potent, selective, long-acting, and orally bioavailable inhibitor is also availble (2RGU) by Eckhardt et al. Crystal Structures of S112A mutant of a C-C hydrolase, BphD from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 are available (2RI6, 2RHT, 2RHW) and published by Horsman et al. and Bohmik et al.Crystal structures of haloalkane dehalogenase Rv2579 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexed are available (2O2H, 2O2I) and soon published by Mazumdar et al. Crystal structure of Carboxylesterase (NP_108484.1) from Mesorhizobium Loti at 1.75 A resolution is available (3B5E)and soon published by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG). Crystal structure of homoserine O-acetyltransferase from Leptospira interrogans is published by Wang et al. and soon available (2PL5)

  • September 27, 2007:

    Crystal structures of extracellular lipase LipA from Serratia marcescens are published (2QUA, 2QUB) by Meier et al. Crystal structure of recombinant full length human butyrylcholinesterase (2PM8) by Ngamelue et al. is available. Crystal structure of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase complexed with 2-PAM (2VQ6 replaced 2VB4) by Harel, M., Silman, I., Sussman, J.L. is available. Crystal structure of mutation of an acylptide hydrolase/esterase from Aeropyrum pernix K1 (2QZP) is available and soon published by Zhang, HF, Zheng,BS, Rao,ZH

  • September 05, 2007:

    (2J3Q) Torpedo Acetylcholinesterase Complex with the Fluorophore Thioflavin T by Harel et al. is available and soon published.(2PKY 2YXP) Comparison of Hydrogenous and Perdeuterated Haloalkane Dehalogenase structures are available and soon published by Liu et al. (2J3Q) Crystal structure of putative hydrolase (2632844) from Bacillus subtilis at 1.96 A resolution by Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG) available and soon published.

  • August 31, 2007:

    Calcium-gated lid and a large beta-roll sandwich are revealed by the crystal structure of extracellular lipase from Serratia marcescens (2QUA, 2QUB) to be published soon by Meier R., Drepper T., Svensson V., Jaeger K.E., Baumann, U.A

  • August 22, 2007:

    Structure of Este1, a New Thermophilic and Thermostable Carboxylesterase Cloned from a Metagenomic Library by Byun et al is available (2C7B) and published. Many more new structures awaiting release.

  • June 8, 2007:

    Structure 2PPL of human Pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 is available and soon published by Walker et al. New mutations in AChE genes of Rhopalosiphum padi (S329P in ace1 and F368L V435A in ace2) are described by Chen et al. Complete sequence of Aedes aegypti Ace1 gene is published by Mori et al. Mutations in culex from china (F455W(331) G119S) are analysed by Alout et al.

  • May 25, 2007:

    Structures 2JGE, 2JGF, 2JGG (replaced by 2Y2V 30-Nov-2011), 2JGH (replaced by 2Y2U 30-Nov-2011), 2JGI, 2JGJ, 2JGK, 2JGL, 2JGM, 2HIH, 2HRR, 2HU5, 2HU7, 2HU8, 2OQI, 2OPH are available. Thanks to the organizers of the IXth ChE meeting in Suzhou. Congenital hypothyroidism with goitre caused by new mutations in the thyroglobulin gene published by Caputo et al.

  • April 04, 2007:

    Crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase in complex with organophosphorus compounds are published by Hornberg et al. and are soon available (2JGE, 2JGF, 2JGG (replaced by 2Y2V 30-Nov-2011), 2JGH (replaced by 2Y2U 30-Nov-2011), 2JGI, 2JGJ, 2JGK, 2JGL, 2JGM). Crystal structure of Human Liver Carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) in covalent complex with the nerve agents Soman and tabun are published by Fleming et al.and are soon available (2HRQ, 2HRR). Structure of human Butyrylcholinesterase in complex with 10mM HgCl2 by Colletier, J.P., Frasco, M.F., Carvalho, F., Guilhermino, L., Stojan, J., Fournier, D., Weik, M. is available (2J4C) and soon published

  • March 22, 2007:

    Crystal structures of acylaminoacyl Peptidase from Aeropyrum pernix K1 with inhibitors (2HU5, 2HU7, 2HU8) are published by Kiss et al.and soon available.

  • March 08, 2007:

    Crystal Structures of Plant Carboxylesterase (kiwifruit)(2O7R, 2O7V) by Ileperuma et al. are available. Crystal structure of the thioesterase domain of the fengycin biosynthesis cluster (2CB9, 2CBG) are available and published by Samel et al.. Crystal structure of DPP-IV complexed with Lilly aryl ketone inhibitor (2OGZ) is published by Sheehan et al. and available. Crystal structure of rat dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV) with thiazole-based peptide mimetic nb 31 (2OAE) is published by Backes et al. and available.

  • February 16, 2007:

    A Conserved Carboxylesterase (SOBER1, arath-SOBRL) Is a SUPPRESSOR OF AVRBST-ELICITED RESISTANCE in Arabidopsis by Cunnac et al.. Two acetylcholinesterase cDNAs in Pediculus human lice (capitis and corporis) are described by Lee et al. Crystal structures of Geobacillus stearothermophilus carboxylesterase Est55 (2OGS, 2OGT)are available

  • February 08, 2007:

    A mutation W353F_brafl-ACHE1 virtually abolishes the resistance to the inhibitors of amphioxus AChE1 published by Patel et al. Crystal structure of the 2,6-Dihydroxy-pseudo-oxynicotine hydrolase from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans(2JBW) artni-Q93NG6 (the first of the Duf_1100-S family), is published Schleberger et al.

  • January 31, 2007:

    Crystal structures of Geobacillus stearothermophilus carboxylesterase Est55 (2OGS, 2OGT)are published by Liu et al. and will soon be available. Crystal Structures of Plant Carboxylesterase AeCXE1 actde-CXE1, from Actinidia eriantha (kiwifruit)(2O7R, 2O7V) are published by Ileperuma et al. and will soon be available. New mutations (L436S_sitav-ACHE1, W516R_sitav-ACHE2) in resistant strain of Sitobion avenae AChE 1 and 2 are described by Chen et al.

  • January 09, 2007:

    Happy new year to all alpha/beta hydrolases afficionados! Knock-out of mouse butyrylcholinesterase gene is published by Lockridge's group Li et al. and Duysen et al. . Mutations of Plutella xylostella acetylcholinesterase (pluxy-ACHE1) involved in resitance to insecticides are published by Lee et al. Papers from The XII International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms are published. See XII ISCM. Crystal structure of the 2,6-Dihydroxy-pseudo-oxynicotine hydrolase from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans(2JBW) artni-Q93NG6 (the first of the Duf_1100-S family), is available and soon published by Schleberger, C., Sachelaru, P., Brandsch, R., Schulz, G.E. Structure of BphD, a C-C hydrolase from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 is available (2OG1): Horsman et al.

  • December 14, 2006:

    Crystal structure of Human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-IV) with potent alkynyl cyanopyrrolidine (ABT-279)(2I03) is published by Madar et al. Rat DPP-IV with xanthine mimetic inhibitor no 7 (2I3Z) is published by Kurukulasuriya et al.. Structure of Dienelactone hydrolase (YP_324580.1) from Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 at 1.92 A resolution 2O2G) is available

  • December 03, 2006:

    Two structures of Human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 in complex with a diazepan-2-one inhibitor are available.(2IIT, 2IIV) Published by Biftu et al.

  • November 15, 2006:

    A genetic form of hypotrichosis (deficiency of hair growth) was found linked to a deletion of 985bp covering exon4 of Phospholipase gene (LIPH) human-LIPH (warning: this is not LIPH_HUMAN the hepatic lipase). See the publication : Kazantseva et al.. Pr. Caux pointed to us that few mutations of ABHD5 human-ABHD5 had been omitted: R234X, H82R, R312X, fs213stop, Q190X. They were published by: Schleinitz et al., Srinivasan et al., Pujol et al., Lass et al. Two structures (2HL6, 2IX9) of Aspergillus niger FAEA are available and published by Benoit et al.. Two papers by Li et al. (1) (2) analyse Catalytic Mechanism for Escherichia coli MhpC and Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 BphD structure soon available. A new mutation F290V confering insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens mosquitoes from Cyprus is described by Alout et al.

  • October 05, 2006:

    Structure of BphD, a C-C bond hydrolase (burxl-bphD) from the biphenyl degradation pathway is published by Horsman et al. and will soon be available. Acetylcholinesterase genes within the Diptera: takeover and loss in true flies published by Huchard et al.. Many fragments introduced as Gene-locus Frgt in AChE family>

  • September 20, 2006:

    (2H7X, 2H7Y, 2HFJ, 2HFK) Structures of Pikromycin Thioesterase with different labels are available and published by Giraldes et al. and Akey et al. (2D5L , 2DCM) Crystal Structures of Prolyl Tripeptidyl Aminopeptidase (and mutant S603A ) from Porphyromonas gingivalis by Ito et al. are available. (2I3D) Crystal structure of hypothetical protein Atu1826 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is available and soon published by Osipiuk et al. (2CMF, 2CKM) Structures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase complexed with alkylene- linked bis-tacrine dimer (5 carbon linker and 7 carbon linker) by Rydberg et al. and are available. (2J4F) Structure of Torpedo acetylcholinesterase - Hg heavy-atom derivative by Kreimer et al. 1994 is available. Crystal structure of human carboxylesterase with different ligands (see news Aug 31) are published by Bencharit et al.. (2HHA) The structure of DPP4 in complex with an oxadiazole inhibitor by Xu et al. is available. Mutant of Bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase (G119H/Y121Q/S122T_bunfa-ACHE) with low affinity and low hydrolase activity toward organophosphorus esters is published by Poyot et al.

  • September 06, 2006:

    Structure of E. Coli Enterobactin Hydrolase IroE (ecoli-IROE) published by Larsen et al. are available (2GZR, 2GZS)

  • August 31, 2006:

    (2BAG)Structure of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase complexed with Ganstigmine is available and published by Bartolucci et al. (2DQY, 2DQZ, 2DR0, 2H7C) Structures of human carboxylesterase in complex with cholate, palmitate, homatropine and coenzyme A are available and soon published by Bencharit et al. (2CMF, 2CKM) Structures of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase complexed with alkylene- linked bis-tacrine dimer (5 carbon linker and 7 carbon linker) are published by Rydberg et al. and are soon available

  • August 23, 2006:

    (1W52) Pancreatic lipase related protein 2 from horse (horse-2plrp) : proteolyzed form is available. (2GYU, 2GYV, 2GYW) Structures of Mus musculus Acetylcholinesterase in complex with HI-6 Ortho-7 Obidoxime are available and published by Ekstrom et al.. (2CZQ) A novel cutinase-like protein from Cryptococcus sp. (crysp-Q874E9) by Masaki et al. is available. (2FX5) Pseudomonas mendocina lipase by Bott, R. and Wu, S. is available. (2H9Y, 2HA0, 2HA2, 2HA3, 2HA4, 2HA5, 2HA6, 2HA7) Structures of mouse acetylcholinesterase and mutant S203A in complex with substrates and inhibitors available and published by Bourne et al.. Crystal Structure of Prolyl Tripeptidyl Aminopeptidase from Porphyromonas gingivalis (porgi-q7muw6) and S603A mutant are published Ito et al. and are soon available (2D5L, 2DCM). Structure of E. Coli Enterobactin Hydrolase IroE (ecoli-IROE) is published by Larsen et al. and soon available (2GZS, 2GZR). Boophilus microplus third AChE gene codes for a true AChE (boomi-ACHE3) Temeyer et al

  • July 05, 2006:

    (2BFN). Crystal Structure of the Haloalkane Dehalogenase Linb with the Product of Dehalogenation Reaction 1,2-Dichloropropane. by Banas et al is available soon published. (2FJP) Crystal Structure of dppIV with a selective alpha-amino amide dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor by Edmonson et al. (2FUK)Structure of XC6422 from Xanthomonas campestris at 1.6 A resolution: a small serine alpha/beta-hydrolase by Yang et al.available and publihed. (2G5P, 2G5T, 2G63) Structure-activity relationship, and pharmacological evaluation of (5-substituted-pyrrolidinyl-2-carbonyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidines as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. by Pei et al. available and published. (2GBC, 2GBF, 2GBG, 2GBI) are available.
    Many mutations recently found in cholinesterases and carboxylesterase had been omitted and are introduced now: G137D and W251S in colho-E3aest7 (Cochliomyia hominivorax esterase E3) associated with organophosphate resistance by Carvalho et al.. Naturally occurring mutation Leu307Pro of human butyrylcholinesterase in the Vysya community of India. found by Manoharan et al.. Mutations (V180L/G262A/F327Y and V180L/G262A/F327Y/D341L) of acetylcholinesterase in a carbamate-resistant strain of housefly (Musca domestica) by Liming et al.Mutations (S291G, I392T, R30K) in acetylcholinesterase from a carbofuran-resistant population of Colorado potato beetle (lepde-ACHE), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) by Kim et al. Acetylcholinesterase mutation (F399V) in an insecticide resistant population of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) cydpo-ACHE1) by Cassanelli et al.. High yield production of a mutant (M301A) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis acetylcholinesterase (nipbr-ACHEB) in Pichia pastoris and its purification. by Richter et al. Probing the acyl binding site of acetylcholinesterase by protein engineering (F295L, PQES290-293SG)by Pleiss et al.

  • June 21, 2006:

    2C5F, 2C5G, 2C58, 2C4H are available (Colletier et al.).
    Crystal Structures of DPP-IV (CD26) from Rat Kidney Exhibit Flexible Accommodation of Peptidase-Selective Inhibitors published by Longenecker et al. ( 2GBC, 2GBF, 2GBG, 2GBI soon available)
    Structure of potato (Solanum tuberosum) epoxide hydrolase I (StEH1) by Mowbray et al. is available (2CJP)

  • June 12, 2006:

    Structural insights into substrate traffic and inhibition in acetylcholinesterase now published by Colletier et al. and structures soon released ( 2C5F, 2C5G, 2C58, 2C4H ).

  • June 08, 2006:

    Crystal structure of XC6422 from Xanthomonas campestris (2FUK) is published by Yang et al..
    Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana serine esterase s-formylglutathione hydrolase (arath-SFGH) is published by Cummins et al. and soon available.
    Crystal Structure of a Meta-cleavage Product Hydrolase (CumD) A129V Mutant (2D0D) is now available. The database is updated based on Pfam 20.0 release.

  • May 14, 2006:

    The crystal structure of prolyl aminopeptidase complexed with Sar-TBODA (1X2B) and Ala-Tboda (1X2E) reveal unusual extra space at the active site and high activity for acetylated hydroxyproline. Published by Nakajima et al..
    Three new families of proteins of unknown function were created: BioG_Pimeloyl-ACP-methyl-esterase all bacteria, Duf_818 Chlamydia and Parachlamydia proteins, Fusarinine_C_esterase_sidJ plant and fungal
    Mutations to create dissulfide bonds and increase stability in drome-ACHE published by Ranaei-Siadat et al.

  • May 04, 2006:

    New mutations in Bactrocera dorsalis AChE associated with resistance to OP insecticides (I214V/G488S/Q643R_bacdo-ACHE) are described by Hsu et. al.

  • April 07, 2006:

    Conformational Flexibility in the Peripheral Site of Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase Revealed by the Complex Structure with a Bifunctional Inhibitor is published by :Colletier_2006_J.Am.Chem.Soc_128_4526 and will be available soon (2CEK)
    The roles of two cysteines in the catalytic gorge of amphioxus AChE investigated by Pezzementi et al through mutagenesis (C310A, C466A, F312I, C310A/F312, C310A/C466A)
    The IXth meeting on cholinesterase organized by Prof Karl Tsim and Prof Hualiang Jiang will be held in Suzhou (China) 6-10 May 2007. Visit the web site of the meeting https://ihome.ust.hk/~ixche/

  • March 30, 2006:

    Structure of a Potent Insect Maturation Inhibitor Bound to the Juvenile Hormone Esterase of Manduca sexta is published by: Wogulis_2006_Biochemistry_45_4045 and will be available soon (2FJ0).
    Structure of Yeast Hypothetical Protein: YJG8_YEAST by Millard, C. et al. had been omitted and is now introduced (1PV1)

  • March 10, 2006:

    Structure of complexes of Human soluble epoxide hydrolase are available (1ZD2, 1ZD3,1ZD4, 1ZD5)and published by Gomez_2006_Protein.Sci_15_58
    Structure of the Burkholderia glumae lipase-specific foldase in complex with its cognate lipase is available (2ES4) and published by Pauwels et al.

  • March 01, 2006:

    Structure of complexes of dipeptidyl peptidase IV are available (2AJ8, 2AJB,2AJC, 2AJD) and published by Engel_2006_J.Mol.Biol_355_768.
    Crystal Structure of Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase FA1 by Omi et al. is available (1Y37)

  • February 01, 2006:

    Jaeken et al. (2006) found that PREPL (Prolylendopeptidase-like) gene(human-PREPL) is partially deleted together with SLC3A1 in patients with Hypotonia-Cystinuria Syndrome. The extended phenotype in comparison with isolated cystinuria type I could be attributed to the deletion of PREPL.
    Porcine and human Dipeptidyl peptidase IV with inhibitors by Nordhoff et al. (2BUA, 2BUB, 2BUC) are available.
    Structure of polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase by Hisano et al. (2D80, 2D81) are available.
    The Crystal Structure of Este1, a New Thermophilic and Thermostable Carboxylesterase Cloned from a Metagenomic Library by Byun et al is available (2C7B)
    We had omitted X-ray snapshots of peptide processing in mutants of tricorn-interacting factor F1 from Thermoplasma acidophilum by Goettig et al. (1XQV, 1XQX, 1XQW, 1XQY, 1XRL, 1XRM, 1XRN, 1XRO, 1XRP, 1XRQ, 1XRR)

  • January 24, 2006:

    The Epidermis-Specific Extracellular BODYGUARD Controls Cuticle Development and Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis: Kurdyukov et al. Gene_locus arath-Q9SGU8 F1N19.24 AT1G64670 It defines a new family of alpha/beta hydrolase called Bodyguard..
    We changed the name of another family: Duf_341 became FSH1

  • January 13, 2006:

    Structure of Polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerase from Penicillium funiculosum is a circularly permuted variant of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold. Hisano et al. (2D80, 2D81 soon available).

  • January 06, 2006:

    Structures of Tabun inhibited murine acetylcholinesterase have been published by Ekstrom et al. and will soon be available (1C0Q 1C0P).
    Structures of hydroxynitril lyase from hevea brasilensis (1YB6 1YB7) by Gruber et al. are available.
    Structures of Acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (2B4K 2B9V) by Barends et al are also available.
    New AChE genes (with orthopteroidea dictyoptera AChE genes): Bombyx mori (bommo-ACHE1, bommo-ACHE2), Cydia pomonella(cydpo-ACHE1, cydpo-ACHE2), Blattella germanica (blage-ACHE1, blage-ACHE2), Oulema oryzae (oulor-ACHE), Haematobia irritans (haeir-ACHE)

  • December 09, 2005:

    Structure of complexes of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with t-butyl-Gly-Pro-Ile tripeptide, Pro-boroPro, a piperazine compound and aminoethyl phenyl sulfonylfluoride have been published by Engel et al. and will soon be available (2AJ8, 2AJB,2AJC, 2AJD)
    Structure of a stereoselective esterase from Pseudomonas putida IFO12996 reveals alpha/beta hydrolase fold for D-beta-acetykthioisobutyric acid synthesis (Elmi et al, 1ZOI)

  • November 30, 2005:

    The first structure of the Homoserine_transacetylase family has been published by Myrza et al.(haein-metx)(2B61)

  • November 26, 2005:

    More papers of proccedings of the VIII meeting on cholinesterases and related enzymes in Perugia are now availble, Barak_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_219, Camp_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_79, Crne-Finderle_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_23, Doctor_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_167, Fournier_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_257, Girard_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_87, Guerra_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_57, Greenfield_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_211, Harel_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_153, Hurley_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_321, Kronman_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_51, Lenz_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_205, Lintern_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_327, Oakeshott_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_269, Ordentlich_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_191, Racchi_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_335, Radic_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_133, Renault_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_339, Rotundo_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_15, Salmon_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_105, Wilson_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_253

  • November 05, 2005:

    Some papers of proccedings of the VIII meeting on cholinesterases and related enzymes in Perugia are now availble: Talesa_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_1, Aluigi_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_305, Bourne_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_159, Casida_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_277, Chilukuri_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_115, Deschenes-Furry_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_43, Hyatt_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_247, Gao_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_97, Geyer_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_331, Gilmer_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_317, Gordon_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_239, Hrabovska_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_71, Layer_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_37, Masson_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_143, Massoulie_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_3, Mis_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_29, Moretto_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_285, Rakonczay_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_233, Rosenberry_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_181, Saxena_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_199, Selkirk_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_263, Shafferman_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_123, Shih_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_293, Stojan_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_173, Thiermann_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_345, Ting_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_63, Vidal_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_227, Worek_2005_Chem.Biol.Interact_157-158_349

  • November 02, 2005:

    Crystal Structure of Enterochelin Esterase from Shigella flexneri Enterochelin Esterase by Kim, Y., Maltseva, N., Dementieva, I., Quartey, P., Holzle, D., Collart, F., Joachimiak, A., Midwest Center for Structural Genomics (MCSG) is available 2B20

  • October 08, 2005:

    Database has been updated based on Pfam 18.0 UniProt 5.0 (a composite of SWISSPROT release 47.0 and SP-TrEMBL release 30.0). New families were created according to the clan Alpha/Beta hydrolase of the Pfam database: Tannase, Neuroligin. New papers are investigating the relationship with some forms of autism with mutations in neuroligins: Yan_2005_Mol.Psychiatry_10_329, Ylisaukko-oja_2005_Eur.J.Hum.Genet_13_1285. See also the site of Dr Steve Sommer www.cityofhope.org/cmdl

  • August 20, 2005:

    Long due update: Crystal Structures of Human Liver Carboxylesterase complexed with Etyl Acetate,benzil, Mevastatin,tamoxifen are available (1YAH 1YAJ 1YA4 1YA8) and published by Fleming et al. Crystal Structure of Torpedo acetylcholinesterase complex of the anticancer prodrug CPT-11 Irinotecan (1U65) is available and published by Harel et al. Crystal Structures of Torpedo Californica Acetylcholinesterase in Complex With (R) and (R,S)-Tacrine(10)-Hupyridone Inhibitor (1ZGB, 1ZGC)are available and published by Haviv et al.

  • July 06, 2005:

    Structural changes observed in changing the substrate specificity of dienelactone hydrolase are published by Kim et al.. Following structures are available: 1ZI6, 1ZI8, 1ZI9, 1ZIC, 1ZIX, 1ZIY, 1ZJ4, 1ZJ5.

  • June 05, 2005:

    Two new families introduced: Bacillus_lip described by Siew et al. and Avian-virus_vlip by Kamil et al.

  • May 18, 2005:

    Structures of Burkholderia cepacia lipase complexed with hexylphosphonic acid are available 1YS1, 1YS2 (Mezzetti et al.)

  • May 11, 2005:

    The crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) complex with diprotin A by Hiramatsu et al. (1WCY) is available. Structure of yeast FSH1/YHR049W (1YCD) published by Quevillon-Cheruel et al. is available

  • May 04, 2005:

    Structure of Acetylcholinesterase Complexed with a Tacrine-Based Bivalent Ligand is available 1UT6 and soon published by Wong et al. Many mutants of Lucilia cuprina luccu-E3aest7 and Drosophila melanogaster carboxylesterase3drome-EST23aes07 analysed for hydrolysis of OP and pyrethroids by Heidari 2004 et al.Heidari 2005 et al.

  • May 03, 2005:

    Natural Mutations of human butyrylcholinesterase have been updated after the paper of Souza et al. E90D I99M G75R. Some mutations were missing in the database. Other mutations were reported by On-Kei Chan et al. F474L and by Levano et al. E432stop. Plutalla xylostella ace1 mutations likely responsible for resistance to OP (G227A A201S A441G) are described by Baek et al.

  • April 06, 2005:

    Crystal Structure Of Human Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha is published by Aertgeerts et al and is available (1Z68)

  • March 30, 2005:

    Acetylcholinesterase Complexed with a Tacrine-Based Bivalent Ligand: X-Ray Evidence for a Double-Stacking Sandwich with Tryptophan at the Peripheral Anionic Site (1ODC by Wong et al. available). Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in Complex with a Decapeptide (1R9N) available (Aertgeerts et al.). A Series of Crystal Structures of a Meta-Cleavage Product Hydrolase (Cumd) Complexed with Various Cleavage Products is published (Fushinobu et al. 1UKB, 1UK6, 1UK7, 1UK8, 1UK9, 1UKA) A new subfamily of cholinesterase is created for short sequence fragments used in studies of evolution (this family was eliminated on April 2nd 2014, Gene_locus_frgt tag created instead for all families)

  • March 21, 2005:

    Acetylcholinesterase of Dictyostelium discoideum is available (dicdi-ACHE). Structural and mechanistic analysis of two prolyl endopeptidases is published by Shan et al. (1YR2, 2BKL). Structure of the complex of the anticancer prodrug CPT-11 with Torpedo acetylcholinesterase is published by Harel et al. and soon available (1U65)

  • March 07, 2005:

    Crystal structure of carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor complexed with the cognate proteinase (1WPX) is published by Mima et al. Acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase Y206A mutant (1RYY) by Barends et al is available.C-C bond hydrolase MhpC E.Coli (1U2E) by Dunn et al.Dunn et al. is available

  • February 07, 2005:

    A new subfamily of alpha/beta hydrolases has been described by Zheng et al.: Duf_1023. New structures of feruloyl esterase module of xylanase 10B from Clostridium thermocellum have been published by Tarbouriech et al. and will soon be available (1WB4,1WB5,1WB6)

  • February 03, 2005:

    We are deeply sorry to bring the bad news that Dr. Bert N. La Du, Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology at the University of Michigan, died January 30, 2005. 1XLV 1XLW 1XLU 1WOM 1WPR are available. See news in January. Structure of HIV-1 Tat protein derived N-terminal nonapeptide Trp2-Tat(1-9) bound to the active site of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) are available (2BGN, 2BGR) by Weihofen et al.

  • January 26, 2005:

    Structure of Salicylic Acid-Binding Protein 2 (Sabp2) From Nicotiana Tabacum, A Methylsalicylate Esterase is published and available (Forouhar et al. 1XKL,1Y7H,1Y7I).Structure of Human Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Echothiophate(nonaged and aged) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (aged) are published by Nachon et al. and soon avalable (1XLV 1XLW 1XLU)

  • January 25, 2005:

    The Structure of the C-C Bond Hydrolase MhpC is published by Dunn et al. (1U2E soon available). An accompanying paper describes catalytic mechanism. Li et al. The Arabidopsis WAVY GROWTH 2 Protein Modulates Root Bending in Response to Environmental Stimuli (Mochizuki et al.)

  • January 19, 2005:

    Structure of the tetramerization domain of acetylcholinesterase is available (1VZJ Dvir et al.). Human dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with a beta amino acid inhibitor is available (1X70 Kim et al.). A carboxylesterase mimvi-cxes close to AChE found in the genome of Mimivirus (Raoult et al.)

  • January 17, 2005:

    The crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) complex with diprotin A is published by Hiramatsu et al. (1WCY soon available) Crystal structure of TT1662 from Thermus thermophilus HB8 is published by Murayama et al. (1UFO). Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis RsbQ native and inhibited by PMSF are published by Kaneko et al. (1WOM and 1WPR soon available) AChE of Carassius auratus (goldfish)carau-ACHE and Canis familiaris canfa-ACHE are available

  • January 11, 2005:

    Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV In Complex With 5-Aminomethyl-6-(2,4-Dichloro-Phenyl)-2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-Phenyl)-Pyrimidin- 4-amine is published (Peters et al. and available (1RWQ). Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis RsbQ is published by Kaneko et al.(1WOM and 1WPR soon available) Crystal structure of an alpha/beta serine hydrolase (YDR428C) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is published by Arndt et al (1VKH).Structures of Human Liver Carboxylesterase in complex with different inhibitors are being processed Fleming et al. (1YAH 1YA4 1YAJ 1YA8)

  • December 06, 2004:

    Structure of a thermostable mutants of Bacillus subtilis lipase obtained through directed evolution are published Acharya et al. (1T2N,1T4M).Structural Genomics target NYSGRC-T920 related to A/B hydrolase fold is available (Gorman J, Shapiro L, 1R3D) Orthorhombic form of Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase native and complexed with bis-acting galanthamine derivative are published Greenblatt et al. (1W75,1W76). Structure of the tetramerization domain published Dvir et al.

  • November 09, 2004:

    Crystal Structure of an Acylpeptide Hydrolase/Esterase from Aeropyrum pernix K1 has been released 1VE6 1VE7 Bartlam et al.

  • January 16, 2019:

    Crystal structures of chloramphenicol-metabolizing enzyme EstDL136 from a metagenome is published by Kim et al. and will be available soon (6IEY, 6AAE) A chemical-genetic screen identifies ABHD12 as an oxidized-phosphatidylserine lipase as published by Kelkar et al. NOTUM inhibition increases endocortical bone formation and bone strength as published by Brommage et al. Seto et al. show that DWARF14 is a dual-functional receptor, responsible for first the perception and secondly deactivation of bioactive strigolactones.

  • October 29, 2004:

    Human Fatty Acid Synthase: Structure and Substrate Selectivity of the Thioesterase Domain has been published Chakravarty et al. (1XKT). Crystallographic structure of a feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus niger is now available (1UZA) McAuley et al. Structure of a Human A-Type Potassium Channel Interacting Protein Dppx, a Member of the Dipeptidyl Aminopeptidase Family Strop et al. (1XFD)

  • October 21, 2004:

    1R4Z 1R50 Bacillus subtilis lipase A with covalently bound Rc and Sc-IPG-phosphonate-inhibitors are now available Droege, M.J., Van Pouderoyen, G., Vrenken, T.E., Rueggeberg, C.J., Reetz, M.T., Dijkstra, B.W., Quax, W.J. soon published. Few human-BCHE mutations described in Yen et al. had been omitted. They are now included. Hasin et al. described some new mutations in human-ACHE from single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (H322N_human-ACHE, P561R_human-ACHE, R3Q_human-ACHE, G26R_human-ACHE, E313G_human-ACHE, R424X_human-BCHE, F28I_human-BCHE, R386C_human-BCHE, E460K_human-BCHE, N96Y_human-BCHE)

  • October 04, 2004:

    1TQH The crystal structure of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus carboxylesterase Est30 is now availabe (Liu et al.). 1UXO The crystal structure of the Yden gene product from B. Subtilis is the first structure of the Duf_1234 Hydrolase_RBBP9_YdeN family (Janda et al.) 1U4N Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius thermophilic carboxylesterase Est2 M211S/R215L mutant published (De Simone et al)

  • September 23, 2004:

    New mutations in OP resistant Aphis gossypii published A302S/S431F_aphgo-ACHE1, A302S_aphgo-ACHE1, S431F_aphgo-ACHE1, (by Andrews et al and Toda et al.) Rv1399c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a nonlipolytic and lipolytic hydrolase (Canaan et al). Mutations S247G_ratno-Ces1d S247 in rat carboxylesterase pI6.1(ES10) confirms the importance of this serine (Torpedo 226) for the proper orientation of active site Glu. (Stok et al)

  • September 15, 2004:

    A Series of Crystal Structures of a Meta-Cleavage Product Hydrolase (Cumd) Complexed with Various Cleavage Products are available (1UKA, 1UKB, 1UK6, 1UK7, 1UK8, 1UK9) Fushinobu et al. to be published. Two new acetylcholinesterases from aphids by Chen,M. and Han,Z.: sitav-ACHE2, rhopd-ACHE2

  • September 09, 2004:

    1VLQ Structure of Acetyl xylan esterase (TM0077) from Thermotoga maritima from Joint Center for Structural Genomics is available. 1W1I Structure of Human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV or CD26) in complex with adenosine deaminase is available (Weihofen et al). 1VA5 1SFR Structure of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Antigen 85C and Antigen 85A are available (Ronning et al.). Crystal Structure of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus Carboxylesterase Est30 by Liu et al. (1TQH soon available).

  • August 20, 2004:

    Crystal Structure of an Acylpeptide Hydrolase/Esterase from Aeropyrum pernix K1 has been published by Bartlam et al. 1VE6 1VE7 soon available. Crystal Structure of Aspergillus niger EstA available 1UKC , Bourne et al.

  • July 24, 2004:

    1TO7 (now 1U8E) available human dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 Mutant Y547F Bjelke_2004_J.Biol.Chem_279_34691

  • July 12, 2004:

    1VA4 1TK3 1TKR 1VZ3 1VZ2 available. See June 25 news(Szeltner_2004_J.Mol.Biol_340_627, Cheeseman_2004_Acta.Crystallogr.D.Biol.Crystallogr_60_1237, Bjelke_2004_J.Biol.Chem_279_34691). A novel missense mutation (T441A) of the COLQ gene responsible of Synaptic Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome. Muller et al.

  • June 30, 2004:

    structure of Hydroxynitrile lyase available see news March 09, 1SCI 1SCK 1SCQ 1SC9, Gruber_2004_J.Biol.Chem_279_20501

  • June 25, 2004:

    Structure of an aryl esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens is published by Cheeseman et al. (1VA4 soon available). Crystal structure of CD26/DPPIV in complex with adenosine deaminase reveals a highly amphiphilic interface published by Weihofen et al. (1W1I soon available) and by Bjelke et al.: Tyrosine 547 constitutes an essential part of the catalytic mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (1TK3, 1TO7(now 1U8E) and 1TKR soon available). As a reminder dipeptidyl peptidase IV in complex with a decapeptide had been published Aertgeerts et al . (1R9M available 1R9N soon available)

  • June 11, 2004:

    A third gene of AChE in Boophilus microplus (boomi-ACHE3) described by Temeyer et al. New mutants of zebrafish AChE (Y139X_danre-ACHE, G198R_danre-ACHE by Downes et al. Joint Center for Structural Genomics: Crystal Structure of Putative Serine Hydrolase (Ydr428C yeast-YDR428C) from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae at 1.85 A Resolution: 1VKH

  • April 22, 2004:

    Structure of human epoxide hydrolase 1S8O 1VJ5 has been published by Gomez et al. and coordinates soon released. Results on transgenic mice expressing the G117H mutant of human butyrylcholinesterase have been published by Wang et al.

  • April 15, 2004:

    The Crystal Structure of a (-) gamma-Lactamase from an Aureobacterium Species has been published by Line et al. (1HKH, 1HL71HL7) and The Crystal Structure of Feruloyl Esterase A from Aspergillus niger Hermoso et al. (1USW) and McAuley et al.(1UWC, 1UZA)

  • April 06, 2004:

    Crystal Structure of Aspergillus niger EstA has been published by Bourne et al. (1UKC). Structure of Gamma Lactamase from Aureobacterium revealed by K. Line, M. N. Isupov, J. A. Littlechild (1HKH 1HL7)

  • March 26, 2004:

    Structure 1QZ3 is now available (De Simone et al.): Alicyclobacillus Acidocaldarius Thermophilic Carboxylesterase Est2 mutant M211S/R215L. Mutations in OP-resistant Aphis gossypii AChE genes (F139L_aphgo-ACHE2, A302S_aphgo-ACHE1)are described in Li et al. Some structure of Prolyl Oligopeptidase had been missed 1UOO1UOO 1UOP 1UOQ and are now included (Szeltner et al.)

  • March 09, 2004:

    Crucial role of Lys236 in reaction mechanism of hydroxynitrile lyases by Gruber et al. published structure soon available (1SCI, 1SCK, 1SCQ, 1SC9). New AChE introduced in database Bemisia tabaci bemta-ACHE2 Trialeurodes vaporariorum triva-ACHE by Javed et al.

  • February 11, 2004:

    A new family was created for Plant Carboxylesterase following the paper Marshall et al. The Structures of mouse acetylcholinesterase-TZ2PA6 anti and syn complex are published Bourne et al. 1Q84 1Q83. Park et al. showed that the acetylcholinesterase-homology region is essential for normal conformational maturation and secretion of thyroglobulin

  • January 9, 2004:

    New AChE sequences :Culex tritaeniorhynchus Ace2 and Ace1 by Nabeshima et al. A mutation (F455W_cultr-ACHE1) in Ace 2 gives resistance to fenitrothion. Acetylcholinesterase from American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (derva-ACHE) and the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (rhisa-ACHE) by Xu et al. Another mutation (R184X_human-ABHD5)in CGI-58 protein NCIE2 locus causes Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome (Akiyama et al.)

  • January 6, 2004:

    Three new structures: 1R88 (Wilson et al.) Mycobacterium tuberculosis MPT51 (FbpC1), 1J2E (Hiramatsu et al) Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV(DPP-IV), 1KU6 (Bourne et al.) Fasciculin2 - Mouse Acetylcholinesterase Complex. The last update of ESTHER is available in Nucleic Acids Research (Hotelier et al.)

  • December 16, 2003:

    The Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MPT51 (FbpC1) (1R88) Defines a New Family of Non-catalytic alpha/beta Hydrolases (Wilson et al) . High-affinity salicylic acid-binding protein 2 SABP2 (nicta-SABP2) is required for plant innate immunity (Kumar and Klessig). Amino acids defining the acyl pocket of an invertebrate cholinesterase (F312I_brafl-ACHE2 F422L_brafl-ACHE2 F422V_brafl-ACHE2 Y352A_brafl-ACHE2).(Pezzementi et al)

  • December 01, 2003:

    Crystal structures of aclacinomycin methylesterase (RdmC) (1Q0Z and 1Q0R) are available (Jansson et al.)

  • October 22, 2003:

    Maspardin-ACP33-SPG21 gene (human-SPG21) is mutated in Mast Syndrome, a Complicated Form of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Associated with Dementia see Simpson et al., See also the new page on Disease related to Alpha beta hydrolase fold proteins

  • September 16, 2003:

    A new AChE sequence has been published: The 2nd Meloidogyne incognita acetylcholinesterase (melin-ACHE2) by Laffaire et al. New structures of Linb from sphingomonas paucimobilis 1MJ5 by Oakley et al:Oakley, A.J., Damborsky, J., Wilce, M.C.J., and of palmitoyl protein thioesterase-2 (1PJA) by Calero et al: Calero, G., Gupta, P., Nonato, M. C., Tandel, S., Biehl, E. R., Hofmann, S. L., Clardy, J are available

  • August 30, 2003:

    Crystal structures of human dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (1NU6 1NU8) have been published by Thoma et al. Crystal structures of aclacinomycin methylesterase (RdmC) (1Q0Z and 1Q0R) have been published by Jansson et al. Crystal structures of Haloalkane Dehalogenase Linb From Sphingomonas Paucimobilis Ut26 are available (1K5P, 1K63, 1K6E (Streltsov et al.)V. A. Streltsov, Z. Prokop, J. Damborsky, Y. Nagata, A. Oakley, M. C. J. Wilce)

  • July 21, 2003:

    Crystal structure of human butyryl cholinesterase and of its complexes with substrate and products (1P0I 1P0M 1P0Q 1P0P)have been published by Nicolet, Y., Lockridge, O., Masson, P., Fontecilla-Camps, J.C., Nachon, F. (Nicolet et al)Authors propose alternative substrate and product binding that may be related to the high catalytic efficiency of the choline esterases

  • July 11, 2003:

    New mutation in myzpe-ACHEm (S431F_myzpe-ACHEm) linked to insecticide resitance by Nabeshima et al. New structures of Multifunctional Xylooligosaccharide/Cephalosporin C deacetylase bacsu-CAH (1ODS 1ODT)by Vincent et al.

  • July 09, 2003:

    Some changes in the families: A new family was separated from the AlphaBeta_hydrolase sub family abh_upf0017 corresponding to interpro IPR000952. New levels were built Cholinesterase groups AChE and BChE, Non-catalytic_C groups Gliotectin Glutactin Neuroligin Neurotactin Thyroglobulin and others. Cutinase_like groups Acetylxyla_esterase and Cutinase. See the Overall table and the tables pages

  • June 17, 2003:

    Due to hardware failure in the company LDCOM-Kaptech which is operating our internet connection, ESTHER was not reachable for more than two days, we apologize for inconvenience

  • June 16, 2003:

    Alignments and trees are available for each family. These alignements are built automatically using the program -Multiple sequence alignment with hierarchical clustering - Corpet F. (1988) and F. Corpet, J. Gouzy and D. Kahn (1999) - Browsing protein families via the -Rich Family Description- data structure., Bioinformatics, 15:12, 1020-1027. You will find trees, pruned trees and subtrees, summarised coloured alignments and subalignments ex: BCHE. These may not be very accurate for very distant sequences or very big families.

  • May 13, 2003:

    New mutation in mosquitoes AChE (G119S_culpi-ACHE1 G119S_anoga-ACHE1)leading to insecticide resistance by Weill et al.

  • May 12, 2003:

    New Crystal Structure of Porcine Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (CD26)1ORV, and in Complex with a Peptidomimetic Inhibitor 1ORW by Engel et al. Two old structures that had not been introduced are now included 1IMJ Crystal Structure Of The Human Ccg1/TafII250-Interacting Factor B (Cib) and 1JT2 The Feruloyl Esterase Domain Of The Cellulosomal Xylanase Z Of Clostridium Thermocellum S172A mutant

  • April 29, 2003:

    Three new Acetylcholinesterase : Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite acetylcholinesterase tetur-ACHE by Anazawa et al., Dictyocaulus viviparus secretory acetylcholinesterase variant 2 dicvi-ACHE2 by Lazari,O. and Matthews,J.B. and Schistosoma haematobium acetylcholinesterase schha-ACHE by Jones et al. 1MPX (Xanthomonas citri alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase) is available as well as Crystal Structure of Human Liver Carboxylesterase in complex with tacrine 1MX1 by Bencharit et al.

  • April 14, 2003:

    The family ACP_33 (Maspardin-ACP33-SPG21_like) has finally been introduced in ESTHER after a suggestion of Dr. Andrew Crosby. It is not yet associated with a PFAM entry, but it had been recognized as alpha/beta hydrolase by Zeitlmann et al. A new structure E coli Bioh At 1.7 A has been introduced (1M33) as well as new structures of human carboxylesterase complexed with homatropine (1MX5) and naloxone methiodide (1MX9) by Bencharit et al.. And structure of Xanthomonas citri alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase has been published by Barends et al. but not released yet (1MPX) alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase Acetobacter turbidans (1NX9) not released yet

  • February 26, 2003:

    The new server replaced the old one. Please send us bug reports

  • February 19, 2003:

    New structures (Mutants of Bacterial Cocaine Esterase 1L7Q 1L7R by Turner et al., Candida rugosa cholesterol esterase 1LLF by Pletnev et al.) in the new structure page and more awaiting release (human DPP IV).

  • February 5, 2003:

    Many new structures (1J06 1J07 1N5R 1N5M 1H22 1H23 1LZL 1LZK in the new structure page . See in particular Zhu et al. Wong et al. and Bourne et al.

  • September 12, 2002:

    New structures available: Acetylcholinesterase complexed with (+)-Huperzine A and with Huperzine B 1GPK 1GPN, by Dvir et al.

  • August 26, 2002:

    New acetylcholinesterases: Existence of two acetylcholinesterase genes in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii aphgo-ACHE1 aphgo-ACHE2 by Li,F. and Han,Z.J.

  • August 12, 2002:

    New structure available 1JJB Specific binding of PEG-SH to Acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo by Koellner et al. and new acetylcholinesterases: Myzus persicae (Peach-potato aphid) myzpe-ACHE ( by Nabeshima T., Kono Y., Tomita T.) ,Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) helam-ACHE (by Ren,X., Han,Z. and Wang,Y)

  • June 24, 2002:

    A first Plant Carboxylesterase-B (Block C with the SEDCLYLN signature) has been introduced as an incomplete EST from Sorghum bicolor sorbi-cxest . More of these are detected in the rice genome in Scaffold 38809 39082 49834 100590 100116 38809 https://btn.genomics.org.cn/rice/download.php, They will soon be introduced in ESTHER ( WARNING correction these sequences are probably contaminent of libraries No plant sequences possess SEDCLYLN)

  • June 1, 2002:

    Two Acetylcholinesterase in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae anoga-ACHE1 and anoga-ACHE2 The first is very close to Anopheles stephensi AChE the second close to tick AChE.

  • May 1, 2002:

    A new family has been introduced. The new structure (09-JAN-2002!!? Tsai et al. 2001) is 1KEZ An interesting feature is a substrate channel that passes through the entire protein. Thioesterase domains often occur integrated in or associated with peptide synthetases which are involved in the non-ribosomal synthesis of peptide antibiotics. Thioesterases are required for the addition of the last amino acid to the peptide antibiotic, thereby forming a cyclic antibiotic.Only the last domain TE thioesterase of the acv synthetase (acvs) is included in ESTHER

  • April 1, 2002:

    New family Ndr_family separated from the AlphaBeta Hydrolase family PF00560. RTP/Drg1/Ndr1 genes are repressed by the proto-oncogenes N-myc and c-myc. Members of this family are found in wide variety of multicellular eukaryotes, including plants (ndr nothing to do with nodal-related genes) Ndr1 included in alpha/beta hydolase PF00561 now have a Pfam family PF03096. Shaw et al. identified this family as alpha/beta hydrolase

  • March 30, 2002:

    New structures: Acetylcholinesterase Complexed With Rivastigmine1GQS 1GQR

  • March 1, 2002:

    The pfam family PFOO135 contains few entries that are not COesterase but Hormone sensitive lipase like proteines.

  • October 1, 2001:

    New mutations in fly acetylcholinesterase (Walsh et al. and Kozaki et al.) and human acetylcholinesterase Kaplan et al. were entered.

  • August 30, 2001:

    the name of Family Fungal_triacylglycerol_lipase was replace by Family Lipase_3 to be consistent with other databases as InterPro Lipase_3 of interpro also contains Insect_lipase of ESTHER database.

  • August 1, 2001:

    New structure AChE complexed with (-)-Huprine X at 2.1A resolution (1E66), new links to ProDom, MIM, SNP's, and Ensembl

  • July 1, 2001:

    A number of structure some of which have been mentionned here as being part of the family, indeed have another fold: the Serine esterase from Streptomyces scabies (1esc), the platelet-activaing-factor acetylhydrolase from Bos taurus (1wab) and rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase from Aspergillus aculeatus (1deo),the haemagluttinin esterase fusion glycoprotein from Influenza virus C (1flc). Our mistake was brought to our attention by Dr. Derewenda and Dr. Mlgaard (see reference Molgaard, Kauppinen & Larsen (2000) Structure, 8:373-383) Molgaard et al. A name for this family was proposed SGNH-hydrolase The family Zn-dependent_exopeptidase had been mentionned as having some similarities with alpha/beta hydrolase fold family in the paper Ollis et al. 1992. Now it seems they should not be included in the alpha/beta hydrolase fold family. This Zn-dependent_exopeptidase family might be mentionned as "in-laws" together with the SGNH-hydrolase family and the chemotaxis protein CheB. We acknowledge and would like to follow the classifications of experts in the field Heikinheimo et al.

  • April 1, 2001:

    A new synthese Overall table is available. It combines links to ESTHER, Interpro, Prints, Scop and Pfam databases

  • February 1, 2001:

    Many changes have been made as the database moves progressively to Perlace.A new mailing list has been created please visit mailing liste esther mailist

  • November 1, 2000:

    The page on "mouse without AChE" has moved . A new mailing list has been created please visit mailing liste esther mailist



Send your questions or comments to :
Mail to: Nicolas Lenfant, Thierry Hotelier, Yves Bourne, Pascale Marchot and Arnaud Chatonnet.
Please cite: Lenfant 2013 Nucleic.Acids.Res. or Marchot Chatonnet 2012 Prot.Pept Lett.
For technical information about these pages see:
ESTHER Home Page and ACEDB Home Page
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