(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Ecdysozoa: NE > Panarthropoda: NE > Arthropoda: NE > Chelicerata: NE > Arachnida: NE > Acari: NE > Parasitiformes: NE > Ixodida: NE > Ixodoidea: NE > Ixodidae: NE > Rhipicephalinae: NE > Rhipicephalus [genus]: NE > Rhipicephalus [subgenus]: NE > Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MRMTGSFIFKYIYGPRLYRIHKTADREGRSYEPNGVEGYSDNIIRSLSLA WSIGVYTSPIIAAVLYRRGYVTFEGVYALTRLAGVICVVMVGTICLRGIG RIASSDYGQFLRALQAAQQNLSKESKAELAKYDSEFYAWPIDFRWNDPLV DKSKPRVEVERQPSNQGSFFASLRALPCEILSYIAVHTFGRRMMYPGTVQ LLQAAVAPMLVQGRARLIEEHNAMRHKLLTRDGNEIDSVFVDRRNSTVYA NGNILVVCCEGNAGFYEYGIATTPIEAGYSVLGWNHPGFAGSTGVPFPDQ EKNAVDVVMQFAIHRLGFAPENIIVYAWSIGAYCATWAAMNYPDIKGLIL DATFDDVLPLAASKMPPSWEPIVRRTIRGYLNLNNLEQLNRYGGPVLMYR RTRDEIISTQESAQIVSNRGNDLLIGFLKHRFPKLVTEETLWALRDWLSG DRGHQMVLWNEGGVDEDACMEKLATYIRDNGPSFPMLIGDGLNVDVKIQL ILFLARKHMVDFNSTHCTPLPSGLFQAPWDLIQAADPNGRGADGFCRVSA DMCGPPPSGDAP
References
Title: De novo assembly and annotation of the salivary gland transcriptome of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus male and female ticks during blood feeding de Castro MH, de Klerk D, Pienaar R, Latif AA, Rees DJ, Mans BJ Ref: Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 7:536, 2016 : PubMed
Tick secretory proteins modulate haemostasis, inflammation and immune responses of the host and are attractive recombinant anti-tick vaccine candidates. Yet, many of the proteins have not been characterised due to the limited sequence availability for ticks and other arthropods for homology-based annotation. To address this limitation, we sequenced the salivary glands of the economically important adult male and female Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks during feeding. The quality-filtered Illumina sequencing reads were de novo assembled to generate a R. appendiculatus sialotranscriptome of 21,410 transcripts. A non-redundant set of 12,761 R. appendiculatus proteins was predicted from the transcripts, including 2134 putative secretory and 8237 putative housekeeping proteins. Secretory proteins accounted for most of the expression in the salivary gland transcriptome (63%). Of the secretory protein class, the Glycine-rich superfamily contributed 66% and the Lipocalin family 12% of the transcriptome expression. Differential expression analysis identified 1758 female and 2346 male up-regulated transcripts, suggesting varying blood-feeding mechanisms employed between female and male ticks. The sialotranscriptome assembled in this work, greatly improves on the sequence information available for R. appendiculatus and is a valuable resource for potential future vaccine candidate selection.
UNLABELLED: Ticks rely exclusively on vertebrate blood for their survival. During feeding ticks inject into their hosts a sophisticated salivary potion that overcomes host hemostasis and adverse inflammatory responses. These mediators may also enhance pathogen transmission. Knowledge of the tick salivary protein repertoire may lead to vaccine targets to disrupt feeding and/or parasite transmission as well as to the discovery of novel pharmacological agents. Male saliva may also assist reproduction because males use their mouthparts to lubricate and introduce their spermatophores into the females' genital pore. The analyses of the sialomes of male and female ticks independently allow us to understand the strategy used by each gender to feed successfully. We sequenced cDNA libraries from pools of salivary glands from adult male and female Rhipicephalus pulchellus feeding at different time points, using the Illumina HiSeq protocol. De novo assembly of a total of 241,229,128 paired-end reads lead to extraction of 50,460 coding sequences (CDS), 11,277 of which had more than 75% coverage to known transcripts, or represented novel sequences, and were submitted to GenBank. Additionally, we generated the proteome, from the salivary gland extracts of male and female R. pulchellus, yielding a total of 454 and 2063 proteins respectively which were identified by one or more peptides with at least 95% confidence. The data set is presented as an annotated hyperlinked Excel spreadsheet, describing 121 putative secreted protein families. Female and male specific transcripts were identified. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This annotated R. pulchellus database represents a mining field for future experiments involving the resolution of time-dependent transcript expression in this tick species, as well as to define novel vaccine targets and discover novel pharmaceuticals. Gender specific proteins may represent different repertoires of pharmacological reagents to assist feeding by each sex, and in males may represent proteins that assist reproduction similarly to seminal proteins in other animals.
