(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Ecdysozoa: NE > Nematoda: NE > Chromadorea: NE > Tylenchida: NE > Tylenchina: NE > Tylenchoidea: NE > Heteroderidae: NE > Heteroderinae: NE > Heterodera: NE > Heterodera glycines: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MPRKRQHQSIFLFDGRRQFVANHHHHLLLLVVLFILLCFCSPSVRAIPSA SSTQQRHHQQRLTAPMLNGDEPPLVVTKLGKIRGFNQKFNGKTVRTFLGV PYAQRPIGGLRFAIPKMIDRWEGELEATSSARTCFYPIDTMFPDFPGAEM WNPPNELDEDCLAMNIWVPEDHDGTVMVWIYGGGFYSGSPSLDLYDGRVL ASHERTIVVNINYRLGAFGFLYLGDGSAAPGNMGLLDQQLALRWINDNIA QFGGNPNKVTLFGESAGGASAAAHLFAPDSHRLFRSLIAKSGAIVNNWAT KPKVAIRDISMRLAHRLNCSMSTMVDWKRRRRHRHRPRRQRHDRRRRSGP SPDNNSDDEEGTVAVANQVIACMSRVPAQIIQRESDHISATLLLPMNFAF VPIDEDANFFKGNLFEKLQRKEFKKDVSIMLGTVRDEGTYWLPYYLHKYG FGFNHTISPEDQYNQALVTEAEYTKAFDAFLPYFGNSQLVRHALMHAYAR ITPDHNHAKAVERWRDGVARFLGDYFFTCALIEFADIVSENIFGSVFMYY FVKRSSANPWPRWMGIMHGYEIEYVFGMPFRHPQAYDQKELDMERAFSAK IMDFWGRFARTGEPIEFWPKYNRITRKSLVLSDEIARGNSHRIYVDVHGK LCRLLEEAQALARLAPDQRQVRLSARGPISTEADLVAVAGHRMAPGIDMA SLNTWHRASSPSLNSATADQRNLHRPITFLTFGTLLTVSMASPLIIIPPN KFYLFISISHFL
Reference
Title: Functional characterisation of a cyst nematode acetylcholinesterase gene using Caenorhabditis elegans as a heterologous system Costa JC, Lilley CJ, Atkinson HJ, Urwin PE Ref: International Journal for Parasitology, 39:849, 2009 : PubMed
Migration of plant-parasitic nematode infective larval stages through soil and invasion of roots requires perception and integration of sensory cues culminating in particular responses that lead to root penetration and parasite establishment. Components of the chemoreceptive neuronal circuitry involved in these responses are targets for control measures aimed at preventing infection. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first isolation of cyst nematode ace-2 genes encoding acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The ace-2 genes from Globodera pallida (Gp-ace-2) and Heterodera glycines (Hg-ace-2) show homology to ace-2 of Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce-ace-2). Gp-ace-2 is expressed most highly in the infective J2 stage with lowest expression in the early parasitic stages. Expression and functional analysis of the Globodera gene were carried out using the free-living nematode C. elegans in order to overcome the refractory nature of the obligate parasite G. pallida to many biological studies. Caenorhabditis elegans transformed with a GFP reporter construct under the control of the Gp-ace-2 promoter exhibited specific and restricted GFP expression in neuronal cells in the head ganglia. Gp-ACE-2 protein can functionally complement its C. elegans homologue. A chimeric construct containing the Ce-ace-2 promoter region and the Gp-ace-2 coding region and 3' untranslated region was able to restore a normal phenotype to the uncoordinated C. elegans double mutant ace-1;ace-2. This study demonstrates conservation of AChE function and expression between free-living and plant-parasitic nematode species, and highlights the utility of C. elegans as a heterologous system to study neuronal aspects of plant-parasitic nematode biology.
