(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Ecdysozoa: NE > Panarthropoda: NE > Arthropoda: NE > Mandibulata: NE > Pancrustacea: NE > Hexapoda: NE > Insecta: NE > Dicondylia: NE > Pterygota: NE > Neoptera: NE > Holometabola: NE > Amphiesmenoptera: NE > Lepidoptera: NE > Glossata: NE > Neolepidoptera: NE > Heteroneura: NE > Ditrysia: NE > Obtectomera: NE > Noctuoidea: NE > Noctuidae: NE > Heliothinae: NE > Helicoverpa: NE > Helicoverpa armigera: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MPVRTTTFEMISNTKIVFTKLLLCCFVSGAVARSWANHHDTTTSTTQTTP TTSPVPKNFHNDPLIVETKSGLVKGYAKTVMGREVHIFTGIPFAKPPLGP LRFRKPVPIDPWHGVLEATAMPNSCYQERYEYFPGFEGEEMWNPNTNISE DCLYLNIWVPQHLRVRHHQDKPLAERPKVPILVWIYGGGYMSGTATLNLY KADIMASSSDVIVASMQYRVGAFGFLYLNKYFSPGSEEAPGNMGLWDQQL AIRWIKDNARAFGGDPELITLFGESAGGGSVSLHMLSPEMKGLFKRGILQ SGTLNAPWSWMTGERAQDIGKVLVDDCNCNSSLLAADPSLVMDCMRGVDA KTISVQQWNSYTGILGFPSAPTVDGVFLPKDPDTMMKEGNFHNTEVLLGS NQDEGTYFLLYDFLDYFEKDGPSFLQREKFLEIVDTIFKDFSKIKREAIV FQYTDWEEITDGYLNQKMIADVVGDYFFVCPTNYFAEVLADSGVDVYYYY FTHRTSTSLWGEWMGVMHGDEMEYVFGHPLNMSLQYHTRERDLAAHIMQS FTRFALTGKPHKPDEKWPLYSRTSPHYYTYTADGASGPAGPRGPRASACA FWNDFLNKLNELEHMPCDGAVTGLYSSVAGTTLPIVLLTTLATTVAL
Reference
Title: Mechanisms of monocrotophos resistance in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Ren X, Han Z, Wang Y Ref: Archives of Insect Biochemistry & Physiology, 51:103, 2002 : PubMed
Insensitive acetylcholinesterase was identified as a resistance mechanism by comparing biochemical analysis with a laboratory selected monocrotophos resistant cotton bollworm (RR: 200) and the susceptible strain. The cDNA encoding AChE was cloned by the method of RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The complete AChE gene deduced from the cDNA consisted of a putative signal peptide of 32 amino acid residues, a mature protein of 615 residues, 5' untranslated regions (UTR) of 315 bp and 3' UTR of 324 bp. The coding sequence had a high degree of homology to the AChE from other insect species reported in the GenBank. After comparing analysis of the entire AChE gene sequence from 5 resistant and 6 susceptible cotton bollworm individuals, nine mutations were identified. One of them, the Ala/Thr mutation, is likely to be responsible for the AChE insensitivity to monocrotophos.