Gene_locus Report for: drome-CG13772 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Neuroligin 2 CG13772 Nlg2 dnl2, DNlg2, dnlg2 homologous to neuroligins rh63339p
Comment
Nucleotide sequence from Celera only n-term Pfam A COesterase 157 729 Relationship
(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) cellular organisms: N E > Eukaryota: N E > Opisthokonta: N E > Metazoa: N E > Eumetazoa: N E > Bilateria: N E > Protostomia: N E > Ecdysozoa: N E > Panarthropoda: N E > Arthropoda: N E > Mandibulata: N E > Pancrustacea: N E > Hexapoda: N E > Insecta: N E > Dicondylia: N E > Pterygota: N E > Neoptera: N E > Holometabola: N E > Diptera: N E > Brachycera: N E > Muscomorpha: N E > Eremoneura: N E > Cyclorrhapha: N E > Schizophora: N E > Acalyptratae: N E > Ephydroidea: N E > Drosophilidae: N E > Drosophilinae: N E > Drosophilini: N E > Drosophila [fruit fly, genus]: N E > Sophophora: N E > melanogaster group: N E > melanogaster subgroup: N E > Drosophila melanogaster: N E 6_AlphaBeta_hydrolase :
drome-CG14717 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg14717 protein .
A85-EsteraseD-FGH :
drome-CG4390 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg4390 protein .
ABHD11-Acetyl_transferase :
drome-CG2059 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2059 protein .
ABHD12-PHARC :
drome-CG15111 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg15111 protein re26090p .
ABHD13-BEM46 :
drome-BEM46 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly); Drosophila ficusphila bem46 CG18642 protein .
ABHD16 :
drome-CG1309 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg1309 protein (gh07444p) .
ABHD17-depalmitoylase :
drome-CG11935 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11935 protein or CG33096 .
ABHD18 :
drome-CG10982 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) rh36554p CG32112, isoform A isoform B isoform C .
abh_upf0017 :
drome-abhd2 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG3488 Abhydrolase domain-containing protein 2, Hydr2,anon-23D, anon-23Da ,
drome-CG8058 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg8058 protein gm08242p .
ACHE :
drome-ACHE .
Acidic_Lipase :
drome-CG2772 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2772 protein ,
drome-CG5932 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg5932 protein ,
drome-CG6113 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg6113 protein Lip4 (dLip4, dlip4, DmelCG6113, lip4) ,
drome-CG6753 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) rh07667p cg6753 protein ,
drome-CG7329 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg7329 protein ,
drome-CG8093 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg8093 protein ,
drome-CG11406 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11406 lp23252p protein ,
drome-CG11598 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) male accessory gland protein. cg11598 protein ,
drome-CG11600 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11600 protein ,
drome-CG11608 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11608 protein ,
drome-CG17097 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) male accessory gland protein. cg17097 ip15216p protein ,
drome-CG17099 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg17099 protein ,
drome-CG17101 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg17101 protein ,
drome-CG18284 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) GH10507p cg18284 protein ,
drome-CG18301 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg18301 protein ,
drome-CG18302 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg18302 protein ,
drome-CG18530 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg12294 protein ,
drome-CG31089 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg31089 protein ,
drome-CG31091 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg31089 protein ,
drome-lip1 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) lipase 1. LIP1 ,
drome-LIP2 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg17116 protein ,
drome-lip3 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) lipase 3. LIP3 .
Carboxypeptidase_S10 :
drome-CG3344 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3344 protein ,
drome-CG4572 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg4572 protein ,
drome-CG32483 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) lp20617p cg32483-pa ,
drome-Q9VJN0 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) bg:ds00365.3 protein ,
drome-Q8IP31 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) bg:ds00365.3 protein .
Carb_B_Arthropoda :
drome-aes01 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE1) ,
drome-aes02 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE2),CG2505 gh15053p ,
drome-aes03 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) AT03093p alpha esterase (aE3) ,
drome-aes04 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE4) ,
drome-aes05 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gh12017p alpha esterase (aE5) CG1089-PA GH12017p ,
drome-aes06 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE6) gene GH20431p CG1108 ,
drome-aes08 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE8) gene, partial cds ,
drome-aes09 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE9) gene cdna GH04929 CG1128 ,
drome-aes10 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE10) gene, partial cds ,
drome-CG3841 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG3841 AT14896p carboxylesterase homologous to este4 contigous to CG4382 ,
drome-CG6018 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG6018 carboxylesterase homologous to aes01 ,
drome-CG6414 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG6414 gene for a carboxylesterase ,
drome-CG7529 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG7529 carboxylesterase gene ,
drome-CG9858 Drosophila melanogaster CG9858 clt cricklet. related juvenile hormone esterase ,
drome-CG10175 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG10175 carboxylesterase RE03380p ,
drome-est6p Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene for carboxylesterase P lp12708p ,
drome-EST23aes07 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) alpha esterase (aE7) gene CG1112, partial cds ,
drome-este4 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) esterase este4 CG4757 clone GH05741 BcDNA ,
drome-este6 .
CGI-58_ABHD5_ABHD4 :
drome-CG1882 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Pummelig (Puml) phospholipase .
DPP4N_Peptidase_S9 :
drome-CG3744 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3744 protein ,
drome-CG9059 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg9059 protein ,
drome-CG11034 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11034 protein ,
drome-CG11319 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11319 protein ,
drome-OME Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) putative omega protein (cg9370 protein) lp13067p .
Duf_676 :
drome-CG32333 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg32333 protein .
Duf_829 :
drome-a1z6g9 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG8245-RA ,
drome-q7k274 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) LD15586p (CG3082-PA, isoform A) (CG3082-PC, isoform C) CG3082-PD, isoform D (RH35959p) .
Epoxide_hydrolase :
drome-CG15101 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gh06241p JHEH1 epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) ,
drome-CG15102 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) JHEH2 epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) ,
drome-CG15106 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) epoxide hydrolase JHEH3 (EC 3.3.2.3) .
FSH1 :
drome-CG5412 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly); Drosophila ficusphila cg5412 protein (gh07367p) .
Gliotactin :
drome-glita Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG3903 mRNA for gliotactin .
Glutactin :
drome-CG9287 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG9287 homologous to glutactin gene ,
drome-CG9289 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG9289 homologous to glutactin gene MIP25834p ,
drome-gluta Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) glutactin GLT .
Hormone-sensitive_lipase_like :
drome-CG11055 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) ld36294p .
Insect_lipase :
drome-CG1986 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG4267 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG4582 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG4979 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG5162 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase rh13728p CG5162 ,
drome-CG5665 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase close to vitellogenine and yolk proteines? ,
drome-CG6271 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6283 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6295 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6296 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6431 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG6472 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Lipase domain-containing protein ,
drome-CG6675 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase at29263p ,
drome-CG7367 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) drome-CG7367 gene lipase ,
drome-CG9966 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG9966 CG31684 gene lipase ,
drome-CG10116 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene close to Vitellogenine and yolk protein gh07181p ,
drome-CG10163 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg10163 protein ,
drome-CG10357 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG13282 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG13562 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg13562 protein ,
drome-CG14034 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase male accessory gland protein ,
drome-CG17191 Drosophila melanogaster gene lipase ,
drome-CG17192 Drosophila melanogaster gene lipase ,
drome-CG17292 Drosophila melanogaster gene lipase ,
drome-CG18258 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase ,
drome-CG18641 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gene lipase .
Juvenile_hormone_esterase :
drome-CG8424 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG8424 gene for a carboxylesterase duplicated gene of juvenile hormone esterase ,
drome-CG8425 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG8425 juvenile hormone esterase .
Kynurenine-formamidase :
drome-CG9542 .
LIDHydrolase :
drome-CG9186 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg9186 protein .
Lipase_3 :
drome-CG33174 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11102 CG33174 protein .
LYsophospholipase_carboxylesterase :
drome-CG6567 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg6567 protein ,
drome-CG18815 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg18815 protein APT1 .
Ndr_family :
drome-GH02439 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly); D. ananassae; D. virilis; Drosophila willistoni; Drosophila yakuba D. pseudoobscura; D. persimilis gh19206p gh02439 ,
drome-MESK2 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) D. simulans; D. ficusphila; D. erecta; D. yakuba; D. sechellia; D. ananassae; D.virilis; D. willistoni; D. mojavensis; D. pseudoobscura, misexpression suppressor of ksr cg15668 protein .
Neuroligin :
drome-b6idz4 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) neuroligin 4 (Fruit fly) GH07829p ,
drome-nlg3 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG14597 gene ,
drome-dnlg1 Drosophila melanogaste (Fruit fly) Neuroligin .
Neurotactin :
drome-nrtac Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) mRNA for neurotactin .
NLS3-Tex30 :
drome-CG8233 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) ld22513p (cg8233-pb) Reduction in Cnn dots 1, isoform ABC, IP01785p1 .
OtherNon-catalytic_C :
drome-CG4382 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG4382 Non-catalytic protein homologous to este4 contigous to CG3841 ,
drome-CG5397 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5397 carboxylesterase may be not active ,
drome-CG10339 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG13564 carboxylesterase without Active Ser ,
drome-CG12869 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG12869 gene for a carboxylesterase may be inactive .
Palmitoyl-protein_thioesterase :
drome-CG4851 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) gh17076p cg4851 protein PPT2 ,
drome-CG12108 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg12108 protein re03479p PPT1 .
Pancreatic_lipase :
drome-CG5966 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5966 gene lipase ,
drome-CG6847 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG6847 gene lipase rh14406p .
PC-sterol_acyltransferase :
drome-GH02384 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) bcdna.gh02384 CG31683 CG18858 .
Pectinacetylesterase-Notum :
drome-q9vux3 .
PGAP1 :
drome-CG3160 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3160 sd04405p protein .
PPase_methylesterase_euk :
drome-CG5068 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) .
Prolylcarboxypeptidase :
drome-CG2493 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2493 IP19978p protein ,
drome-CG3734 Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans (Fruit fly) re36938p cg3734 protein ,
drome-CG3739 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg3739 protein ,
drome-CG9953 Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila sechellia (Fruit fly) cg9953 protein rh04336p ,
drome-CG11626 Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila sechellia Drosophila simulans Drosophila yakuba Drosophila erecta (Fruit fly) cg11626 protein ,
drome-CG18493 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) re11624p cg18493-pa .
S9N_PPCE_Peptidase_S9 :
drome-CG2528 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg2528 protein ,
drome-CG5355 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg5355 protein .
SERHL :
drome-CG5707 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5707 protein ,
drome-CG5704 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CG5704 protein ,
drome-CG7632 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg7632 protein (sd17025p) ,
drome-CG11309 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg11309 protein GH24315p ,
drome-CG15820 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) sd08776p cg15820 protein ,
drome-CG15821 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) CR15821 pseudogene! ip09622p ,
drome-CG15879 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg15879 protein ,
drome-KRAKEN Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) probable serine hydrolase (EC 3.1.-.-) (kraken protein) .
Thioesterase :
drome-CG3523 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly)CG3523 bcdna:gh07626 protein ,
drome-CG3524 Drosophila melanogaster V(2)K05816(Fruit fly) cg3524 protein only C-term domain ,
drome-CG17374 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) ld12605p cg17374-pa.3 .
Valacyclovir-hydrolase :
drome-CG5377 Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) cg5377 protein .
Yolk-Protein_dipter :
drome-1vite Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Vitellogenin I Precursor (yolk protein) YP1 ,
drome-2vite Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Vitellogenin II precursor (yolk protein). YP2 ,
drome-3vite Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) Vitellogenin III precursor Molecular evidence
Database
No mutation No structure No kinetic No Substrate No inhibitor
> 3 Genbank links1 more : AE003615 , AAF68455 , AF251479 < 4 Genbank links1 less : AE003615 , AAF68455 , AF251479 , BT010207 2 Ncbi-pid :
7297184 ,
7716610 2 UniProt :
Q9NGK5 ,
Q6NR70 2 Interpro :
Q9NGK5 ,
Q6NR70 2 Pfam :
Q9NGK5 ,
Q6NR70 2 PIRSF :
Q9NGK5 ,
Q6NR70 2 SUPERFAM :
Q9NGK5 ,
Q6NR70 1 FlyBase :
0031866
Sequence
Graphical view for this peptide sequence: drome-CG13772 Colored MSA for Neuroligin (raw)
MPPITPSTWKTVRSADRFSPVCPQNIPIPPNGPEALLEVPRARLAQLRRL
LPLLKNQSEDCLYLNIYVPYETRRQRRNTDDTTGEPKTKLSTVVFIHGES
YDWNSGNPYDGSELAAHGNVIVVTINFRLGIFGFLKTGGKESAQGNFGLM
DLVAGLHWLKENLPAFGGDPQSITLLGYGTGAVLANILVVSPVASDLIQR
TVLVSGSALSPWAIQKNPLFVKRRVAEQTGCHGDMLYDDLAPCLRTKSVA
ELLAVKVDHPRFLVGFAPFVDGTVISPGANPLGSTTLPLGSAIVSTSGIE
YANFPKRDLIFCLTSVESYLDLSAQDLEFGFNETRRDRILRTFVRNNFHY
HLNEIFAVLKNEYTDWEKAIRNPLSSRDATLQFLSDGHTASPLIKLGYMH
SLRGGRAYFLHFKHKTIEEEYPQRSGSVRGEDVPFWLGLPMSPLFPHNYT
TQERQIGRLINPNQSTAKSVLPNPNEVLETALHQQKKRSTSLTHPNLSEA
LNLAVLYNQRRSNAMHEKRSYIRRRLRSNDAAFTQLGISSERDVGSYDGD
ELPFWDAYDVVNQLYVELGNKANIQSHYRGHKLSMWLNLIPQLHRHFNIN
DQSMRHHQFQDDMNNRDLYEGVVRPQLQTKPAEDDNIIIMQRSRTTTPPP
PSKNPSTNATQALNPLGTGTPTTTECGIDGAMSVSELTTTQSPKDNRTGI
VRVETQKDLATASTGIIGNLELLRRLGGKQFQSYTTALIATVAVGCFLLI
LNVLIFAGIYHQR
Legend
This sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA
M P P I T P S T W K T V R S A D R F S P V C P Q N I P I P P N G P E A L L E V P R A R L A Q L R R L L P L L K N Q S E D C L Y L N I Y V P Y E T R R Q R R N T D D T T G E P K T K L S T V V F I H G E S Y D W N S G N P Y D G S E L A A H G N V I V V T I N F R L G I F G F L K T G G K E S A Q G N F G L M D L V A G L H W L K E N L P A F G G D P Q S I T L L G Y G T G A V L A N I L V V S P V A S D L I Q R T V L V S G S A L S P W A I Q K N P L F V K R R V A E Q T G C H G D M L Y D D L A P C L R T K S V A E L L A V K V D H P R F L V G F A P F V D G T V I S P G A N P L G S T T L P L G S A I V S T S G I E Y A N F P K R D L I F C L T S V E S Y L D L S A Q D L E F G F N E T R R D R I L R T F V R N N F H Y H L N E I F A V L K N E Y T D W E K A I R N P L S S R D A T L Q F L S D G H T A S P L I K L G Y M H S L R G G R A Y F L H F K H K T I E E E Y P Q R S G S V R G E D V P F W L G L P M S P L F P H N Y T T Q E R Q I G R L I N P N Q S T A K S V L P N P N E V L E T A L H Q Q K K R S T S L T H P N L S E A L N L A V L Y N Q R R S N A M H E K R S Y I R R R L R S N D A A F T Q L G I S S E R D V G S Y D G D E L P F W D A Y D V V N Q L Y V E L G N K A N I Q S H Y R G H K L S M W L N L I P Q L H R H F N I N D Q S M R H H Q F Q D D M N N R D L Y E G V V R P Q L Q T K P A E D D N I I I M Q R S R T T T P P P P S K N P S T N A T Q A L N P L G T G T P T T T E C G I D G A M S V S E L T T T Q S P K D N R T G I V R V E T Q K D L A T A S T G I I G N L E L L R R L G G K Q F Q S Y T T A L I A T V A V G C F L L I L N V L I F A G I Y H Q R
References
Title: Drosophila Neuroligin 2 is Required Presynaptically and Postsynaptically for Proper Synaptic Differentiation and Synaptic TransmissionChen YC , Lin YQ , Banerjee S , Venken K , Li J , Ismat A , Chen K , Duraine L , Bellen HJ , Bhat MA Ref: Journal of Neuroscience, 32 :16018, 2012 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Chen_2012_J.Neurosci_32_16018 PubMedSearch: Chen 2012 J.Neurosci 32 16018 PubMedID: 23136438 Gene_locus related to this paper: drome-CG13772 Abstract
Trans-synaptic adhesion between Neurexins (Nrxs) and Neuroligins (Nlgs) is thought to be required for proper synapse organization and modulation, and mutations in several human Nlgs have shown association with autism spectrum disorders. Here we report the generation and phenotypic characterization of Drosophila neuroligin 2 (dnlg2) mutants. Loss of dnlg2 results in reduced bouton numbers, aberrant presynaptic and postsynaptic development at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and impaired synaptic transmission. In dnlg2 mutants, the evoked responses are decreased in amplitude, whereas the total active zone (AZ) numbers at the NMJ are comparable to wild type, suggesting a decrease in the release probability. Ultrastructurally, the presynaptic AZ number per bouton area and the postsynaptic density area are both increased in dnlg2 mutants, whereas the subsynaptic reticulum is reduced in volume. We show that both presynaptic and postsynaptic expression of Dnlg2 is required to restore synaptic growth and function in dnlg2 mutants. Postsynaptic expression of Dnlg2 in dnlg2 mutants and wild type leads to reduced bouton growth whereas presynaptic and postsynaptic overexpression in wild-type animals results in synaptic overgrowth. Since Nlgs have been shown to bind to Nrxs, we created double mutants. These mutants are viable and display phenotypes that closely resemble those of dnlg2 and dnrx single mutants. Our results provide compelling evidence that Dnlg2 functions both presynaptically and postsynaptically together with Neurexin to determine the proper number of boutons as well as the number of AZs and size of synaptic densities during the development of NMJs.
Title: Neuroligin 2 is required for synapse development and function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junctionSun M , Xing G , Yuan L , Gan G , Knight D , With SI , He C , Han J , Zeng X and Xie W <2 more author(s)> Sun M , Xing G , Yuan L , Gan G , Knight D , With SI , He C , Han J , Zeng X , Fang M , Boulianne GL , Xie W (- 2) Ref: Journal of Neuroscience, 31 :687, 2011 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Sun_2011_J.Neurosci_31_687 PubMedSearch: Sun 2011 J.Neurosci 31 687 PubMedID: 21228178 Gene_locus related to this paper: drome-CG13772 Abstract
Neuroligins belong to a highly conserved family of cell adhesion molecules that have been implicated in synapse formation and function. However, the precise in vivo roles of Neuroligins remain unclear. In the present study, we have analyzed the function of Drosophila neuroligin 2 (dnl2) in synaptic development and function. We show that dnl2 is strongly expressed in the embryonic and larval CNS and at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). dnl2 null mutants are viable but display numerous structural defects at the NMJ, including reduced axonal branching and fewer synaptic boutons. dnl2 mutants also show an increase in the number of active zones per bouton but a decrease in the thickness of the subsynaptic reticulum and length of postsynaptic densities. dnl2 mutants also exhibit a decrease in the total glutamate receptor density and a shift in the subunit composition of glutamate receptors in favor of GluRIIA complexes. In addition to the observed defects in synaptic morphology, we also find that dnl2 mutants show increased transmitter release and altered kinetics of stimulus-evoked transmitter release. Importantly, the defects in presynaptic structure, receptor density, and synaptic transmission can be rescued by postsynaptic expression of dnl2. Finally, we show that dnl2 colocalizes and binds to Drosophila neurexin (dnrx) in vivo. However, whereas homozygous mutants for either dnl2 or dnrx are viable, double mutants are lethal and display more severe defects in synaptic morphology. Altogether, our data show that, although dnl2 is not absolutely required for synaptogenesis, it is required postsynaptically for synapse maturation and function.
Title: The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogasterAdams MD , Celniker SE , Holt RA , Evans CA , Gocayne JD , Amanatides PG , Scherer SE , Li PW , Hoskins RA and Venter JC <185 more author(s)> Adams MD , Celniker SE , Holt RA , Evans CA , Gocayne JD , Amanatides PG , Scherer SE , Li PW , Hoskins RA , Galle RF , George RA , Lewis SE , Richards S , Ashburner M , Henderson SN , Sutton GG , Wortman JR , Yandell MD , Zhang Q , Chen LX , Brandon RC , Rogers YH , Blazej RG , Champe M , Pfeiffer BD , Wan KH , Doyle C , Baxter EG , Helt G , Nelson CR , Gabor GL , Abril JF , Agbayani A , An HJ , Andrews-Pfannkoch C , Baldwin D , Ballew RM , Basu A , Baxendale J , Bayraktaroglu L , Beasley EM , Beeson KY , Benos PV , Berman BP , Bhandari D , Bolshakov S , Borkova D , Botchan MR , Bouck J , Brokstein P , Brottier P , Burtis KC , Busam DA , Butler H , Cadieu E , Center A , Chandra I , Cherry JM , Cawley S , Dahlke C , Davenport LB , Davies P , de Pablos B , Delcher A , Deng Z , Mays AD , Dew I , Dietz SM , Dodson K , Doup LE , Downes M , Dugan-Rocha S , Dunkov BC , Dunn P , Durbin KJ , Evangelista CC , Ferraz C , Ferriera S , Fleischmann W , Fosler C , Gabrielian AE , Garg NS , Gelbart WM , Glasser K , Glodek A , Gong F , Gorrell JH , Gu Z , Guan P , Harris M , Harris NL , Harvey D , Heiman TJ , Hernandez JR , Houck J , Hostin D , Houston KA , Howland TJ , Wei MH , Ibegwam C , Jalali M , Kalush F , Karpen GH , Ke Z , Kennison JA , Ketchum KA , Kimmel BE , Kodira CD , Kraft C , Kravitz S , Kulp D , Lai Z , Lasko P , Lei Y , Levitsky AA , Li J , Li Z , Liang Y , Lin X , Liu X , Mattei B , McIntosh TC , McLeod MP , McPherson D , Merkulov G , Milshina NV , Mobarry C , Morris J , Moshrefi A , Mount SM , Moy M , Murphy B , Murphy L , Muzny DM , Nelson DL , Nelson DR , Nelson KA , Nixon K , Nusskern DR , Pacleb JM , Palazzolo M , Pittman GS , Pan S , Pollard J , Puri V , Reese MG , Reinert K , Remington K , Saunders RD , Scheeler F , Shen H , Shue BC , Siden-Kiamos I , Simpson M , Skupski MP , Smith T , Spier E , Spradling AC , Stapleton M , Strong R , Sun E , Svirskas R , Tector C , Turner R , Venter E , Wang AH , Wang X , Wang ZY , Wassarman DA , Weinstock GM , Weissenbach J , Williams SM , WoodageT , Worley KC , Wu D , Yang S , Yao QA , Ye J , Yeh RF , Zaveri JS , Zhan M , Zhang G , Zhao Q , Zheng L , Zheng XH , Zhong FN , Zhong W , Zhou X , Zhu S , Zhu X , Smith HO , Gibbs RA , Myers EW , Rubin GM , Venter JC (- 185) Ref: Science, 287 :2185, 2000 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Adams_2000_Science_287_2185 PubMedSearch: Adams 2000 Science 287 2185 PubMedID: 10731132 Gene_locus related to this paper: drome-1vite ,
drome-2vite ,
drome-3vite ,
drome-a1z6g9 ,
drome-abhd2 ,
drome-ACHE ,
drome-b6idz4 ,
drome-BEM46 ,
drome-CG5707 ,
drome-CG5704 ,
drome-CG1309 ,
drome-CG1882 ,
drome-CG1986 ,
drome-CG2059 ,
drome-CG2493 ,
drome-CG2528 ,
drome-CG2772 ,
drome-CG3160 ,
drome-CG3344 ,
drome-CG3523 ,
drome-CG3524 ,
drome-CG3734 ,
drome-CG3739 ,
drome-CG3744 ,
drome-CG3841 ,
drome-CG4267 ,
drome-CG4382 ,
drome-CG4390 ,
drome-CG4572 ,
drome-CG4582 ,
drome-CG4851 ,
drome-CG4979 ,
drome-CG5068 ,
drome-CG5162 ,
drome-CG5355 ,
drome-CG5377 ,
drome-CG5397 ,
drome-CG5412 ,
drome-CG5665 ,
drome-CG5932 ,
drome-CG5966 ,
drome-CG6018 ,
drome-CG6113 ,
drome-CG6271 ,
drome-CG6283 ,
drome-CG6295 ,
drome-CG6296 ,
drome-CG6414 ,
drome-CG6431 ,
drome-CG6472 ,
drome-CG6567 ,
drome-CG6675 ,
drome-CG6753 ,
drome-CG6847 ,
drome-CG7329 ,
drome-CG7367 ,
drome-CG7529 ,
drome-CG7632 ,
drome-CG8058 ,
drome-CG8093 ,
drome-CG8233 ,
drome-CG8424 ,
drome-CG8425 ,
drome-CG9059 ,
drome-CG9186 ,
drome-CG9287 ,
drome-CG9289 ,
drome-CG9542 ,
drome-CG9858 ,
drome-CG9953 ,
drome-CG9966 ,
drome-CG10116 ,
drome-CG10163 ,
drome-CG10175 ,
drome-CG10339 ,
drome-CG10357 ,
drome-CG10982 ,
drome-CG11034 ,
drome-CG11055 ,
drome-CG11309 ,
drome-CG11319 ,
drome-CG11406 ,
drome-CG11598 ,
drome-CG11600 ,
drome-CG11608 ,
drome-CG11626 ,
drome-CG11935 ,
drome-CG12108 ,
drome-CG12869 ,
drome-CG13282 ,
drome-CG13562 ,
drome-CG13772 ,
drome-CG14034 ,
drome-nlg3 ,
drome-CG14717 ,
drome-CG15101 ,
drome-CG15102 ,
drome-CG15106 ,
drome-CG15111 ,
drome-CG15820 ,
drome-CG15821 ,
drome-CG15879 ,
drome-CG17097 ,
drome-CG17099 ,
drome-CG17101 ,
drome-CG17191 ,
drome-CG17192 ,
drome-CG17292 ,
drome-CG18258 ,
drome-CG18284 ,
drome-CG18301 ,
drome-CG18302 ,
drome-CG18493 ,
drome-CG18530 ,
drome-CG18641 ,
drome-CG18815 ,
drome-CG31089 ,
drome-CG31091 ,
drome-CG32333 ,
drome-CG32483 ,
drome-CG33174 ,
drome-dnlg1 ,
drome-este4 ,
drome-este6 ,
drome-GH02384 ,
drome-GH02439 ,
drome-glita ,
drome-KRAKEN ,
drome-lip1 ,
drome-LIP2 ,
drome-lip3 ,
drome-MESK2 ,
drome-nrtac ,
drome-OME ,
drome-q7k274 ,
drome-Q9VJN0 ,
drome-Q8IP31 ,
drome-q9vux3 Abstract
The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the approximately 120-megabase euchromatic portion of the Drosophila genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes approximately 13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller Caenorhabditis elegans genome, but with comparable functional diversity.
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