Gene_locus Report for: anoga-ACHE2

Other strains: Anopheles merus; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles melas

(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.)
> cellular organisms: N E > Eukaryota: N E > Opisthokonta: N E > Metazoa: N E > Eumetazoa: N E > Bilateria: N E > Protostomia: N E > Ecdysozoa: N E > Panarthropoda: N E > Arthropoda: N E > Mandibulata: N E > Pancrustacea: N E > Hexapoda: N E > Insecta: N E > Dicondylia: N E > Pterygota: N E > Neoptera: N E > Holometabola: N E > Diptera: N E > Nematocera: N E > Culicomorpha: N E > Culicoidea: N E > Culicidae: N E > Anophelinae: N E > Anopheles [genus]: N E > Cellia: N E > Pyretophorus: N E > gambiae species complex: N E > Anopheles gambiae: N E

A85-EsteraseD-FGH : anoga-q7qch6Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000010587 (fragment).
ABHD11-Acetyl_transferase : anoga-Q7PVF9Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); A. stephensi (Indo-Pakistan malaria mosquito); A. christyi; A. quadriannulatus; A. epiroticus; A. funestus (African malaria mosquito); A. arabiensis; A. coluzzii; A farauti; A sinensis; A darlingi AGAP009289-PA ABHD11.
ABHD12-PHARC : anoga-a0ngj1Anopheles gambiae str. PEST (A. quadriannulatus; A. melas; A. merus; A. arabiensis agap012189-pa.
ABHD13-BEM46 : anoga-q7q887Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; A. sinensis; A. funestus; A. coluzzii; A. melas; A. stephensi (Indo-Pakistan malaria mosquito); A. minimus; A. farauti; A. culicifacies; A. albimanus (New world malaria mosquito); A. merus; A. dirus; A. epiroticus; A. darlingi; A. atroparvus; A. quadriannulatus. Protein bem46.
ABHD16 : anoga-AGCG53639Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp6346 (fragment).
ABHD17-depalmitoylase : anoga-q7qds9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000010159 (fragment).
ABHD18 : anoga-q7ppw9Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP003371-PA.
abh_upf0017 : anoga-q7q8m4Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles quadriannulatus (Mosquito); A. arabiensis; A. merus; A. melas; A.funestus; A.epiroticus; A.coluzzii; A.culicifacies; A.stephensi; A.sinensis; A.atroparvus; A.farauti; A.dirus; A.albimanus AGAP008542-PA, anoga-q7qif5Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000013379 (fragment).
ACHE : anoga-ACHE1 Anopheles gambiae; A. funestus; A. minimus; A. moucheti; A. nili; A. pseudopunctipennis; A. sacharovi; A. stephensi; A. sundaicus; A. albimanus; Anopheles sinensis; A. vagus; A. melas; A. arabiensis; A. christyi; A. coluzzii; A. epiroticus; A. funestus; A. merus; A. quadriannulatus; A. stephensi A. atroparvu; A. farauti A. maculatus; A. pseudopunctipennis; A. vestitipennis; A. culicifacies; A. minimus; A. dirus acetylchlolinesterase 1.
Acidic_Lipase : anoga-AGCG48314Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp1384, anoga-AGCG49362Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) str. PEST agcp12224 (fragment), anoga-AGCG51133Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp9455 (fragment), anoga-AGCG55021Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) agcp1513 (fragment), anoga-EBIG3683Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ebip3683 (fragment), anoga-EBIG6562Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) ebip6562 (fragment), anoga-F5HKY3Anopheles gambiae str. PEST AGAP003082 (fragment), anoga-Q5TVS6Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) Lipase, anoga-Q7PQR2Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000003158 (fragment), anoga-Q7PQT0Anopheles gambiae ensangp00000020416 ensangp00000013780 (fragment), anoga-Q7QH37Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) Lipase.
Carboxypeptidase_S10 : anoga-q7pmz0Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000004895 (fragment), anoga-q7qjg6Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000009426 (fragment).
Carb_B_Arthropoda : anoga-a0nbp6Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles quadriannulatus; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus carboxylesterase, alpha esterase (agap006725-pa), anoga-a0neb7Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles quadriannulatus carboxylesterase, beta esterase (agap005373-pa), anoga-agCG44620Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles melas; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x9P1GAV59G9, agCG44620 gene, anoga-agCG44666Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV5BT8 ensangp00000027200,agCG44666 gene, anoga-agCG45273Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x54KRFTDC6T agCG45273 gene, anoga-agCG45279Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus, agCG45279 gene, anoga-agCG45511Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV5CFH, agCG45511 gene ensangp00000025800, anoga-agCG47651Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x9P1GAV59CY, agCG47651 gene, anoga-agCG47655Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x9P1GAV59CY, agCG47655 gene, anoga-agCG47661Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles merus; Anopheles melas; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x9P1GAV59CY, agCG47661 gene (African malaria mosquito) AGAP010916-PA, anoga-agCG47690Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV59CY, agCG47690 gene, anoga-agCG49870Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis, agCG49870 gene, anoga-agCG49872Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles merus CRA_x9P1GAV591D, agCG49872 gene, anoga-agCG49876Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles merus CRA_x9P1GAV591D, agCG49876 gene, anoga-agCG50851Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles christyi; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x54KRFTDC6T, agCG50851 gene, anoga-agCG51879Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles quadriannulatus; Anopheles merus CRA_x9P1GAV5AFD, agCG51879 gene, anoga-agCG52383Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV5CJS agCG52383 gene, anoga-agCG54954Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles culicifacies; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles minimus; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x9P1GAV5AFD, agCG54954 gene, anoga-agCG55401Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV5CJS, agCG55401 gene(agap005757-pa), anoga-agCG55408Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus, agCG55408 gene ensangp00000026452, anoga-ebiG2660Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus, ebiG2660 gene, anoga-ebiG5718Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV591D,ebiG5718 gene, anoga-ebiG5974Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus; Anopheles melas CRA_x9P1GAV5CJS,ebiG5974 gene, anoga-ebiG8504Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x54KRFTDC6T, ebiG8504 gene, anoga-ENSANGG21137Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus ensangp00000024911 (fragment), anoga-q5tpv9Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles stephensi (Indo-Pakistan malaria mosquito) ensangp00000026426 (fragment), anoga-q5trf4Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus ensangp00000025545 (fragment).
CGI-58_ABHD5_ABHD4 : anoga-AGCG51454Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp7312 (fragment), anoga-AGCG53245Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp11171 (fragment).
DPP4N_Peptidase_S9 : anoga-q7pnc7Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000010468 (fragment), anoga-q7pni1Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000010213, anoga-q7ppp3Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000012322 (fragment), anoga-q7pq17Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000021835 (fragment), anoga-q7psf9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000015082 (fragment), anoga-q7qbk1Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000016526 ensangp00000029249 ensangp00000015447 ensangp00000026132 (fragment).
Duf_676 : anoga-q7q725Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000021198.
Duf_829 : anoga-q5tpv0Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP011464-PA, anoga-q7pm39Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP009586-PA.
Epoxide_hydrolase : anoga-AGCG49488Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp7752 (fragment), anoga-AGCG54454Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp9370 (fragment), anoga-q5ts54Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000026826, anoga-q7pv09Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000008689 (fragment), anoga-q7q8d4Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000014385 juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase.
FSH1 : anoga-q7qbj0Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus ensangp00000016674 (fragment).
Gliotactin : anoga-glitaAnopheles gambiae; A. coluzzii; A. arabiensis; A. christyi; A. coluzzii; A. culicifacies; A. epiroticus; A. funestus; A. maculatus; A. melas; A. merus; A. minimus; A. quadriannulatus; A. stephensi, CRA_x9P1GAV5CRW, gliotactin.
Hormone-sensitive_lipase_like : anoga-q7qcc9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000012172 (fragment).
Insect_lipase : anoga-q5tmj8Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000028377, anoga-q5tnf6Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000027022 (fragment), anoga-q7pft8Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000023853, anoga-q7pvc0Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000017875 (fragment), anoga-q7pw35Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000024444 ensangp00000025831 ensangp00000016498 (fragment), anoga-q7pw37Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000005241 (fragment), anoga-q7py64Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000008468 (fragment), anoga-q7pz17Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000017945, anoga-q7pz18Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000017991, anoga-q7pz19Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000017989, anoga-q7q2h9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000017060 (fragment), anoga-q7q2s9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000010825 (fragment), anoga-q7q3r2Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000012348 (fragment), anoga-q7q9q5Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000009935 (fragment), anoga-q7qa39Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000003833 (fragment), anoga-q7qgx4Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000012614, anoga-q7qhc0Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000012504, anoga-q7qj95Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000018475 (fragment), anoga-q380n7Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000025781.
Juvenile_hormone_esterase : anoga-a0nei9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST carboxylesterase, juvenile hormone esterase (agap005835-pa), anoga-a0nej0Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles merus; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles quadriannulatus; Anopheles arabiensis, agap005837-pa, anoga-agCG48797Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus CRA_x9P1GAV5CJS agCG48797 gene close to JHE agap005834-pa.
Kynurenine-formamidase : anoga-q7qkh2Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus. N-formylkynurenine formamidase.
LIDHydrolase : anoga-q7qa52Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP004435-PA.
Lipase_3 : anoga-q7pzz9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000014014 (fragment), anoga-q7qi26Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000018691.
LYsophospholipase_carboxylesterase : anoga-q7pzw9Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000016910 (fragment) ensangp00000028801, anoga-q7qaz5Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000013967 (fragment).
Ndr_family : anoga-q7q837Anopheles gambiae; A. albimanus; A. christyi; A. culicifacies; A. maculatus; A. minimus; A. arabiensis; A. atroparvus A. coluzzii; A epiroticus; A. funestus; A. melas; A quadriannulatus; A. merus; A. stephensi (New world malaria mosquito, Mosquito) ensangp00000019326 (fragment) ensangp00000024516 (fragment) ensangp00000022640 (fragment), anoga-f5hl20Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) A. arabiensis; A. coluzzii; A. dirus; A. farauti; A. funestus; A. minimus; A. quadriannulatus; A. stephensi; A. atroparvus; A. christyi; A. culicifacies; A. epiroticus; A. melas (Mosquito, African malaria mosquito, Indo-Pakistan malaria mosquito) AGAP003238-PC -PD ensangp00000014705 ensangp00000012956.
Neuroligin : anoga-agCG49462Anopheles gambiae; A. christyi; A. dirus; A. epiroticus; A. farauti; A. funestus; A. minimus; A culicifacies; A stephensi CRA_x9P1GAV5AYP, gene agCG49462 homologous to neuroligins and Drosophila CG13772, anoga-ebiG8742Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x54KRFTDC0W, ebiG8742 gene homologous to neuroligins ENSANGG00000006582 ensangp00000026776 (fragment), anoga-ENSANGG2580Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ENSANGG00000002580 ensangp00000003191 (fragment) ensangp00000026441 (fragment).
Neurotactin : anoga-nrtacAnopheles gambiae; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles quadriannulatus; CRA_x9P1GAV5CJS neurotactin.
NLS3-Tex30 : anoga-q7qa14Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP004479-PA.
OtherNon-catalytic_C : anoga-agCG46741Anopheles gambiae str. PEST CRA_x9P1GAV5A63 agCG46741 gene, anoga-agCG56978Anopheles gambiae; A. arabiensis; A. culicifacies; A. funestus; A. maculatus; A. melas; A. merus; A. minimus; A. quadriannulatus; A. stephensis, CRA_x9P1GAV591D, agCG56978 gene, anoga-ebiG239Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles coluzzii; Anopheles melas; Anopheles merus; Anopheles quadriannulatus AGAP013509-PA gene may be non catalytic.
Palmitoyl-protein_thioesterase : anoga-q7q1p3Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000016617 (fragment), anoga-q7qdd6Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000021449 (fragment).
Pancreatic_lipase : anoga-q7qey5Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000012761.
Pectinacetylesterase-Notum : anoga-q7q626Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP006073-PA.
PGAP1 : anoga-q7psq5Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000014894 (fragment).
PPase_methylesterase_euk : anoga-AGCG52253Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp10902 ensangp00000028687 (fragment).
Prolylcarboxypeptidase : anoga-a7ut12Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP003640-PA, anoga-a7uuz9Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) AGAP004013-PA, anoga-q7pjn6Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000023762 (fragment), anoga-q7px68Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000013861 (fragment), anoga-q7q6d1Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000014133 ensangp00000026816 (fragment), anoga-q7q263Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000014195 (fragment), anoga-q7qal4Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000011387, anoga-q7qal7Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000011396 (fragment), anoga-q7qhz3Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000018571 ENSANGG00000016082.
S9N_PPCE_Peptidase_S9 : anoga-q7pvv8Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000016749 (fragment).
SERHL : anoga-a0nb77Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agap009437-pa, anoga-AGCG45046Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp13043 (fragment), anoga-AGCG45064Anopheles gambiae str. PEST; Anopheles melas agcp13061 (fragment), anoga-a0a1s4h1y7Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito); Anopheles merus; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles quadriannulatus. Uncharacterized protein.
Thioesterase : anoga-q7pvv2Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000016695 (fragment), anoga-q7q4l2Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ensangp00000006538 (fragment).
Valacyclovir-hydrolase : anoga-AGCG47202Anopheles gambiae str. PEST agcp10097 (fragment)

Title: Biochemical properties, expression profiles, and tissue localization of orthologous acetylcholinesterase-2 in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae
Zhao P, Wang Y, Jiang H
Ref: Insect Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 43:260, 2013 : PubMed
Abstract


ESTHER: Zhao_2013_Insect.Biochem.Mol.Biol_43_260
PubMedSearch: Zhao 2013 Insect.Biochem.Mol.Biol 43 260
PubMedID: 23267863
Gene_locus related to this paper: anoga-ACHE2

Abstract

Acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter for cholinergic neurotransmission in animals. Most insects studied so far possess two AChE genes: ace-1 paralogous and ace-2 orthologous to Drosophila melanogaster ace. We characterized the catalytic domain of Anopheles gambiae AChE1 in a previous study (Jiang et al., 2009) and report here biochemical properties of A. gambiae AChE2 expressed in Sf9 cells. An unknown protease in the expression system cleaved the recombinant AChE2 next to Arg(110), yielding two non-covalently associated polypeptides. A mixture of the intact and cleaved AChE2 had a specific activity of 72.3 U/mg, much lower than that of A. gambiae AChE1 (523 U/mg). The order of V(max)/K(M) values for the model substrates was acetylthiocholine > propionylthiocholine approximately acetyl-(beta-methyl)thiocholine > butyrylthiocholine. The IC(50)'s for eserine, carbaryl, BW284C51, paraoxon and malaoxon were 1.32, 13.6, 26.8, 192 and 294 nM, respectively. A. gambiae AChE2 bound eserine and carbaryl stronger than paraoxon and malaoxon, whereas eserine and malaoxon modified the active site Ser(232) faster than carbaryl or paraoxon did. Consequently, the k(i)'s were 1.173, 0.245, 0.029 and 0.018 muM(-1)min(-1) for eserine, carbaryl, paraoxon and malaoxon, respectively. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions showed a similar pattern of ace-1 and ace-2 expression. Their mRNAs were abundant in early embryos, greatly decreased in late embryos, larvae, pupae, and pharate adult, and became abundant again in adults. Both transcripts were higher in head and abdomen than thorax of adults and higher in male than female mosquitoes. Transcript levels of ace-1 were 1.9- to 361.8-fold higher than those of ace-2, depending on developmental stages and body parts. Cross-reacting polyclonal antibodies detected AChEs in adult brains, thoracic ganglia, and genital/rectal area. Activity assays, immunoblotting, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis indicated that A. gambiae AChE1 is responsible for most of acetylthiocholine hydrolysis in the head extracts. Taken together, these data indicate that A. gambiae AChE2 may play a less significant role than AChE1 does in the mosquito nervous system.



        

Title: The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, Sutton GG, Charlab R, Nusskern DR, Wincker P, Clark AG, Ribeiro JM and Hoffman SL <113 more author(s)> Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, Sutton GG, Charlab R, Nusskern DR, Wincker P, Clark AG, Ribeiro JM, Wides R, Salzberg SL, Loftus B, Yandell M, Majoros WH, Rusch DB, Lai Z, Kraft CL, Abril JF, Anthouard V, Arensburger P, Atkinson PW, Baden H, de Berardinis V, Baldwin D, Benes V, Biedler J, Blass C, Bolanos R, Boscus D, Barnstead M, Cai S, Center A, Chaturverdi K, Christophides GK, Chrystal MA, Clamp M, Cravchik A, Curwen V, Dana A, Delcher A, Dew I, Evans CA, Flanigan M, Grundschober-Freimoser A, Friedli L, Gu Z, Guan P, Guigo R, Hillenmeyer ME, Hladun SL, Hogan JR, Hong YS, Hoover J, Jaillon O, Ke Z, Kodira C, Kokoza E, Koutsos A, Letunic I, Levitsky A, Liang Y, Lin JJ, Lobo NF, Lopez JR, Malek JA, McIntosh TC, Meister S, Miller J, Mobarry C, Mongin E, Murphy SD, O'Brochta DA, Pfannkoch C, Qi R, Regier MA, Remington K, Shao H, Sharakhova MV, Sitter CD, Shetty J, Smith TJ, Strong R, Sun J, Thomasova D, Ton LQ, Topalis P, Tu Z, Unger MF, Walenz B, Wang A, Wang J, Wang M, Wang X, Woodford KJ, Wortman JR, Wu M, Yao A, Zdobnov EM, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zhao S, Zhu SC, Zhimulev I, Coluzzi M, della Torre A, Roth CW, Louis C, Kalush F, Mural RJ, Myers EW, Adams MD, Smith HO, Broder S, Gardner MJ, Fraser CM, Birney E, Bork P, Brey PT, Venter JC, Weissenbach J, Kafatos FC, Collins FH, Hoffman SL (- 113)
Ref: Science, 298:129, 2002 : PubMed
Abstract


ESTHER: Holt_2002_Science_298_129
PubMedSearch: Holt 2002 Science 298 129
PubMedID: 12364791
Gene_locus related to this paper: anoga-a0nb77, anoga-a0nbp6, anoga-a0neb7, anoga-a0nei9, anoga-a0nej0, anoga-a0ngj1, anoga-a7ut12, anoga-a7uuz9, anoga-ACHE1, anoga-ACHE2, anoga-agCG44620, anoga-agCG44666, anoga-agCG45273, anoga-agCG45279, anoga-agCG45511, anoga-agCG46741, anoga-agCG47651, anoga-agCG47655, anoga-agCG47661, anoga-agCG47690, anoga-agCG48797, anoga-AGCG49362, anoga-agCG49462, anoga-agCG49870, anoga-agCG49872, anoga-agCG49876, anoga-agCG50851, anoga-agCG51879, anoga-agCG52383, anoga-agCG54954, anoga-AGCG55021, anoga-agCG55401, anoga-agCG55408, anoga-agCG56978, anoga-ebiG239, anoga-ebiG2660, anoga-ebiG5718, anoga-ebiG5974, anoga-ebiG8504, anoga-ebiG8742, anoga-glita, anoga-nrtac, anoga-q5tpv0, anoga-Q5TVS6, anoga-q7pm39, anoga-q7ppw9, anoga-q7pq17, anoga-Q7PQT0, anoga-q7q8m4, anoga-q7q626, anoga-q7qa14, anoga-q7qa52, anoga-q7qal7, anoga-q7qbj0, anoga-f5hl20, anoga-q7qkh2, anoga-a0a1s4h1y7, anoga-q7q887

Abstract

Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency ("dual haplotypes") in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.



        

Title: A novel acetylcholinesterase gene in mosquitoes codes for the insecticide target and is non-homologous to the ace gene Drosophila
Weill M, Fort P, Berthomieu A, Dubois MP, Pasteur N, Raymond M
Ref: Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 269:2007, 2002 : PubMed
Abstract


ESTHER: Weill_2002_Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B.Biol.Sci_269_2007
PubMedSearch: Weill 2002 Proc.R.Soc.Lond.B.Biol.Sci 269 2007
PubMedID: 12396499
Gene_locus related to this paper: aedae-ACHE1, anoga-ACHE1, anoga-ACHE2, cioin-ACHE1, ciosa-ACHE, culpi-ACHE1

Abstract

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target of two major insecticide families, organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates. AChE insensitivity is a frequent resistance mechanism in insects and responsible mutations in the ace gene were identified in two Diptera, Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica. However, for other insects, the ace gene cloned by homology with Drosophila does not code for the insensitive AChE in resistant individuals, indicating the existence of a second ace locus. We identified two AChE loci in the genome of Anopheles gambiae, one (ace-1) being a new locus and the other (ace-2) being homologous to the gene previously described in Drosophila. The gene ace-1 has no obvious homologue in the Drosophila genome and was found in 15 mosquito species investigated. In An. gambiae, ace-1 and ace-2 display 53% similarity at the amino acid level and an overall phylogeny indicates that they probably diverged before the differentiation of insects. Thus, both genes are likely to be present in the majority of insects and the absence of ace-1 in Drosophila is probably due to a secondary loss. In one mosquito (Culex pipiens), ace-1 was found to be tightly linked with insecticide resistance and probably encodes the AChE OP target. These results have important implications for the design of new insecticides, as the target AChE is thus encoded by distinct genes in different insect groups, even within the Diptera: ace-2 in at least the Drosophilidae and Muscidae and ace-1 in at least the Culicidae. Evolutionary scenarios leading to such a peculiar situation are discussed.