Other strains: Aphelenchoides besseyi isolate (Rl; HSF). Sequences of the two strains differ only at position 420 I/V which is Torpedo_number 391 (a position not yet seen in resistant AChEs) and at the end of sequence WISMFISFVLLRWTVVDNFL / WITVFISFVFLRWTVVGGFL
(Below N is a link to NCBI taxonomic web page and E link to ESTHER at designed phylum.) > cellular organisms: NE > Eukaryota: NE > Opisthokonta: NE > Metazoa: NE > Eumetazoa: NE > Bilateria: NE > Protostomia: NE > Ecdysozoa: NE > Nematoda: NE > Chromadorea: NE > Rhabditida: NE > Tylenchida: NE > Tylenchina: NE > Aphelenchoidea: NE > Aphelenchoididae: NE > Aphelenchoides: NE > Aphelenchoides besseyi: NE
LegendThis sequence has been compared to family alignement (MSA) red => minority aminoacid blue => majority aminoacid color intensity => conservation rate title => sequence position(MSA position)aminoacid rate Catalytic site Catalytic site in the MSA MLFDHRLGFIVGVLAQIGSAMGFSHQSNIPVFVQTKNGQIQGFESIFLNS RVRSFLGVPFAQPPVGKLRFRPPIAKQPWNGTYDATVLAPACAQPRDTYN ETFWGSEMWNANTPTSEDCLYMNIWSPAEAPHNLTVMLWVFGGGFYYGSP SLALYDGRALALKGNVIVVNINYRVGPFGYLYMNHPDAPGNVGMIDQQLA LHWVRENIEAFGGNPNSISLFGESAGASSIVAHLIAPGSRNLFNNGILQS GSLDNPWSIDTPERALDKAQQLARLVNCNQTETTEIIECLRDKPASDLIA QIWNLNLKFLEFPFAIVSRDPNFFREYDAFVALHEKKFRQDVNLMIGINH DEGNFWNIYNLPKYFDVPEQPLLTLDQFNECVQTAFGRLPEMVREAASYV YLGEKCDHINGKSKFLAEQINQMTGDNFFTCDSIWLADQMSDGPGKVYIY YFDQPSSANVWPRWTGVMHGYEIEFVFGVPTYNLTAGYTNREKALSHKMM QFWSSFASTGTPVLRINKETEDWPAYHALNNRRWMHLKGGSHVRSMLAIK ERECKVWRTGREIEYHQYLLPLLSKSTSQYALVNWISMFISFVLLRWTVV DNFL
Reference
Title: The ACE genes in Aphelenchoides besseyi isolates and their expression correlation to the fenamiphos treatment Hsu JK, Weng CW, Chen JJW, Chen PJ Ref: Sci Rep, 12:1975, 2022 : PubMed
Aphelenchoides besseyi could cause great yield losses of rice and many economically important crops. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors were commonly used to manage plant-parasitic nematodes. However, nematodes resistant to AChE inhibitors have been increasingly reported due to the extensive use of these chemicals. The current study was aimed to establish the correlation between fenamiphos (an AChE-inhibitor) sensitivities and acetylcholinesterase genes (ace) by analyzing two isolates of A. besseyi (designated Rl and HSF), which displayed differential sensitivities to fenamiphos. The concentrations of fenamiphos that led to the death of 50% (LD(50)) of Rl and HSF were 572.2 ppm and 129.4 ppm, respectively. Three ace genes were cloned from A. besseyi and sequenced. Sequence searching and phylogenic analyses revealed that AChEs of R1 and HSF shared strong similarities with those of various vertebrate and invertebrate species. Molecular docking analysis indicated that AChEs-HSF had much higher affinities to fenamiphos than AChEs-R1. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses revealed that expression of three ace genes were downregulated in HSF but were upregulated in Rl after exposure to 100 ppm fenamiphos for 12 h. The results indicated that the expression of the ace genes was modulated in response to fenamiphos in different nematode strains. An increased expression of the ace genes might contribute to fenamiphos-insensitivity as seen in the Rl isolate.
