This family has the N-terminal region of bacterial virulence factor lipase. The N-terminal region contains a potential signalling sequence. Most proteins with this N-terminal sequence have a typical alpha/beta hydrolase following in c-term. The N-terminal region is found also in proteins without lipase or alpha/beta hydrolases. The N-term domain is used to populate the family but is excluded here. Chuang et al. on aerhy-LIP found hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters (optimum C10-C12) and triacylglycerols (optimum C8- C10)
Two different representative recombinant clones encoding Aeromonas hydrophila lipases were found upon screening on tributyrin (phospholipase A1) and egg yolk agar (lecithinase-phospholipase C) plates of a cosmid-based genomic library of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3 (serogroup O34) introduced into Escherichia coli DH5alpha. Subcloning, nucleotide sequencing, and in vitro-coupled transcription-translation experiments showed that the phospholipase A1 (pla) and C (plc) genes code for an 83-kDa putative lipoprotein and a 65-kDa protein, respectively. Defined insertion mutants of A. hydrophila AH-3 defective in either pla or plc genes were defective in phospholipase A1 and C activities, respectively. Lecithinase (phospholipase C) was shown to be cytotoxic but nonhemolytic or poorly hemolytic. A. hydrophila AH-3 plc mutants showed a more than 10-fold increase in their 50% lethal dose on fish and mice, and complementation of the plc single gene on these mutants abolished this effect, suggesting that Plc protein is a virulence factor in the mesophilic Aeromonas sp. serogroup O:34 infection process.
        
Title: Molecular analysis and expression of the extracellular lipase of Aeromonas hydrophila MCC-2 Chuang YC, Chiou SF, Su JH, Wu ML, Chang MC Ref: Microbiology, 143 ( Pt 3):803, 1997 : PubMed
The structural gene encoding the extracellular lipase of Aeromonas hydrophila MCC-2 was cloned and found to be expressed in Escherichia coli using its own promoter. When the cloned gene (lip) was expressed in E. coli minicells, an 80 kDa protein was identified. Subcellular fractionation of E. coli carrying the lip gene indicated that the Lip protein was mainly associated with the membrane fraction. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the gene is 2253 bp long, coding for a 79-9 kDa protein with an estimated pl of 10.36. The deduced protein contains two putative signal peptide cleavage sites: one is a typical signal peptidase cleavage site and the other bears a strong resemblance to known lipoprotein leader sequences. Radioactivity from [3H]palmitate was incorporated into the Lip protein when expressed in E. coli. The deduced protein contains a sequence of VHFLGHSLGA which is very well conserved among lipases. It shows 67% and 65% overall identity to the amino acid sequences of lipase from A. hydrophila strains H3 and JMP636, respectively, but shows little homology to those of other lipases. The Lip protein was purified to homogeneity from both A. hydrophila and recombinant E. coli. In hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters and triacylglycerols, using purified enzyme, the optimum chain lengths for the acyl moiety on the substrate were C10 to C12 for ester hydrolysis and C8 to C10 for triacylglycerol hydrolysis.
        
Title: Purification, gene cloning, amino acid sequence analysis, and expression of an extracellular lipase from an Aeromonas hydrophila human isolate Anguita J, Rodriguez Aparicio LB, Naharro G Ref: Applied Environmental Microbiology, 59:2411, 1993 : PubMed
A structural gene which codes for an extracellular lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in Aeromonas hydrophila H3, which was isolated from a female hospitalized patient, was cloned in Escherichia coli by using pBR322 as a vector. Lipase purified from both A. hydrophila culture supernatant and the periplasmic fluids of E. coli containing the lip determinant in the original clone (plasmid pLA2) showed an M(r) of 67,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which agrees with the M(r) determined by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. Regarding substrate specificity, the optimum chain lengths for the acyl moiety were C6 for ester hydrolysis and C6 and C8 for triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Sequence analysis showed a major open reading frame of 2,052 bp, which predicts a polypeptide with an M(r) of 71,804. The polypeptide was found to contain an amino acid sequence (V-H-F-L-G-H-S-L-G-A) which is highly preserved among lipases.
Two different representative recombinant clones encoding Aeromonas hydrophila lipases were found upon screening on tributyrin (phospholipase A1) and egg yolk agar (lecithinase-phospholipase C) plates of a cosmid-based genomic library of Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3 (serogroup O34) introduced into Escherichia coli DH5alpha. Subcloning, nucleotide sequencing, and in vitro-coupled transcription-translation experiments showed that the phospholipase A1 (pla) and C (plc) genes code for an 83-kDa putative lipoprotein and a 65-kDa protein, respectively. Defined insertion mutants of A. hydrophila AH-3 defective in either pla or plc genes were defective in phospholipase A1 and C activities, respectively. Lecithinase (phospholipase C) was shown to be cytotoxic but nonhemolytic or poorly hemolytic. A. hydrophila AH-3 plc mutants showed a more than 10-fold increase in their 50% lethal dose on fish and mice, and complementation of the plc single gene on these mutants abolished this effect, suggesting that Plc protein is a virulence factor in the mesophilic Aeromonas sp. serogroup O:34 infection process.
        
Title: Molecular analysis and expression of the extracellular lipase of Aeromonas hydrophila MCC-2 Chuang YC, Chiou SF, Su JH, Wu ML, Chang MC Ref: Microbiology, 143 ( Pt 3):803, 1997 : PubMed
The structural gene encoding the extracellular lipase of Aeromonas hydrophila MCC-2 was cloned and found to be expressed in Escherichia coli using its own promoter. When the cloned gene (lip) was expressed in E. coli minicells, an 80 kDa protein was identified. Subcellular fractionation of E. coli carrying the lip gene indicated that the Lip protein was mainly associated with the membrane fraction. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the gene is 2253 bp long, coding for a 79-9 kDa protein with an estimated pl of 10.36. The deduced protein contains two putative signal peptide cleavage sites: one is a typical signal peptidase cleavage site and the other bears a strong resemblance to known lipoprotein leader sequences. Radioactivity from [3H]palmitate was incorporated into the Lip protein when expressed in E. coli. The deduced protein contains a sequence of VHFLGHSLGA which is very well conserved among lipases. It shows 67% and 65% overall identity to the amino acid sequences of lipase from A. hydrophila strains H3 and JMP636, respectively, but shows little homology to those of other lipases. The Lip protein was purified to homogeneity from both A. hydrophila and recombinant E. coli. In hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters and triacylglycerols, using purified enzyme, the optimum chain lengths for the acyl moiety on the substrate were C10 to C12 for ester hydrolysis and C8 to C10 for triacylglycerol hydrolysis.
The halophilic bacterium Vibrio hollisae, isolated from patients with diarrhea, produces an extracellular toxin which elongates Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We purified this toxin to homogeneity by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200, hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and affinity chromatography. The toxin is heat labile and sensitive to proteases, with an isoelectric point of about 6.5 and molecular weights of about 83,000 and 80,000, as estimated by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The toxin did not react with immunoaffinity-purified antibodies to cholera toxin in a plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in a Western blot, and its activity could not be neutralized by anti-cholrea toxin serum. Mixed gangliosides and gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, Gq1b, GT1b, GD2, GD3, GM2, and GM3 failed to block its activity. Elongation of CHO cells induced by the toxin was not accompanied by an increase in the levels of cyclic AMP. The toxin induced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice. These results and the lack of homology between V. hollisae DNA and DNA coding for cholera toxin or the heat-labile toxin of Escherichia coli suggest that the V. hollisae toxin is structurally and functionally different from other CHO cell-elongating toxins.
        
Title: Purification, gene cloning, amino acid sequence analysis, and expression of an extracellular lipase from an Aeromonas hydrophila human isolate Anguita J, Rodriguez Aparicio LB, Naharro G Ref: Applied Environmental Microbiology, 59:2411, 1993 : PubMed
A structural gene which codes for an extracellular lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in Aeromonas hydrophila H3, which was isolated from a female hospitalized patient, was cloned in Escherichia coli by using pBR322 as a vector. Lipase purified from both A. hydrophila culture supernatant and the periplasmic fluids of E. coli containing the lip determinant in the original clone (plasmid pLA2) showed an M(r) of 67,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which agrees with the M(r) determined by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. Regarding substrate specificity, the optimum chain lengths for the acyl moiety were C6 for ester hydrolysis and C6 and C8 for triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Sequence analysis showed a major open reading frame of 2,052 bp, which predicts a polypeptide with an M(r) of 71,804. The polypeptide was found to contain an amino acid sequence (V-H-F-L-G-H-S-L-G-A) which is highly preserved among lipases.
        
Other Papers
No structure scheme yet for this family
No Structure yet in this family
Genes Proteins in Lipase_bact_N_lipase family (10)
No fragments
Substrates of some enzymes in the Lipase_bact_N_lipase family (3)