Author Report for: Ma DNo contact information in database for Ma D
Ma D, Xin Y, Guo Z, Shi Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Gu Z, Ding Z, Shi G Ref: Enzyme Microb Technol, 156:109989, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2022_Enzyme.Microb.Technol_156_109989 PubMedSearch: Ma 2022 Enzyme.Microb.Technol 156 109989 PubMedID: 35134708 Gene_locus related to this paper: therp-b9l0x7 Abstract Thermomicrobium roseum DSM 5159 lipase (TrLip) is an enzyme with marked thermostability and excellent solvent resistance. However, TrLip reveals relatively high catalytic efficiency on short-chain substrates but poor activity against mid-long or long-chain fatty acids, which would limit its industrial application. In this study, ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR), a common engineering tool for the evolutionary history of protein families, was employed to identify the natural evolutionary trends within 5 A around the catalytic center. Two mutation libraries were constructed, one for the catalytic center and the other for the pocket flexibility. A total of 69 mutants were expressed and purified in the Escherichia coli expression system to determine the kinetic parameters, and W219G could significantly enhance the catalytic efficiency against substrates with 12-, 16- and 18-carbon side chains. In addition, the double mutant W219G/F265M could further catalyze the breakdown of the above three substrates up to 6.34-, 4.21- and 4.86-folds compared to the wild-type TrLip, while the initial pH and thermostability were maintained. Through bioinformatics analysis, the significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency against longer-side chain substrates should be associated with the reduction of steric hindrance. With the outstanding stability and the promoted activity, TrLip should be of great potential in chemical and food industry. Title: Increased Neuroligin 2 Levels in the Postsynaptic Membrane in Spinal Dorsal Horn may Contribute to Postoperative Pain Guo R, Li H, Li X, Sun Y, Miao H, Ma D, Hong F, Zhang Y, Guan Y and Wang Y <2 more author(s)> Guo R, Li H, Li X, Sun Y, Miao H, Ma D, Hong F, Zhang Y, Guan Y, Li J, Tian M, Wang Y (- 2) Ref: Neuroscience, 382:14, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Guo_2018_Neurosci_382_14 PubMedSearch: Guo 2018 Neurosci 382 14 PubMedID: 29715511 Abstract Neuroligin 2 is a synaptic cell adhesion molecule that is mainly located in inhibitory synapses and is crucial in the regulation of synapse function through protein-protein interactions. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether neuroligin 2 is involved in the development of postoperative pain. In the current study, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation were used to examine the critical role of neuroligin 2 in postoperative pain hypersensitivity. A small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-targeting neuroligin 2 was used to inhibit neuroligin 2 expression. Our data found that plantar incision induced postoperative pain hypersensitivity, which was characterized by paw withdrawal threshold and cumulative pain score. The upregulation of neuroligin 2 and GluR1 expression in the postsynaptic membranes of ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was observed at 3h and 1day after plantar incision. Additionally, at 3h after plantar incision, the amount of PSD-95 that was co-immunoprecipitated with neuroligin 2 antibody was significantly increased in the ipsilateral dorsal horn, as compared to that of the control group. Intrathecal pretreatment of siRNA-targeting neuroligin 2 to reduce the neuroligin 2 expression in the spinal cord significantly inhibited the pain hypersensitivity and reduced the synaptic targeting of GluR1 in ipsilateral dorsal horns. Our study indicates that the incision-induced interaction between neuroligin 2 and PSD-95 and subsequent synaptic targeting of GluR1 in ipsilateral dorsal horns contribute to postoperative pain hypersensitivity. Title: The impact of surgery and anesthesia on post-operative cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease development: biomarkers and preventive strategies Kapila AK, Watts HR, Wang T, Ma D Ref: J Alzheimers Dis, 41:1, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Kapila_2014_J.Alzheimers.Dis_41_1 PubMedSearch: Kapila 2014 J.Alzheimers.Dis 41 1 PubMedID: 24577482 Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major social and clinical burden in the elderly, affecting 5% of people aged over 65 and 20% aged over 80. Despite improved management, a cure has not been found and hence analysis of predisposing factors to identify preventive strategies has become increasingly important. Surgery and anesthesia have been proposed to increase the incidence of post-operative cognitive decline (POCD) and AD. This is hypothesized to be the result of a malignant neuroinflammatory response and subsequent synaptic impairment in the elderly and susceptible individuals. As a result, strategies are being explored to prevent surgery and anesthesia induced cognitive impairment. Whereas previously the diagnosis of AD was primarily dependent on clinical examination, biomarkers such as inflammatory cytokines, amyloid-beta, and tau deposition in the cerebrospinal fluid have received increased attention. Nonetheless, AD is currently still treated symptomatically with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonists to improve cholinergic transmission and prevent glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Therapeutic success is, however, often not achieved, since these treatment methods do not address the ongoing neuroinflammatory processes and hence novel therapeutic and protective strategies are urgently needed. This review provides an insight into the current understanding of age-related cognitive impairment post-surgery and reflects on novel markers of AD pathogeneses exploring their use as targets for treatment. It gives a summary of recent efforts in preventing and treating POCD or AD with regards to the choice and depth of anesthesia, surgical strategy, and peri-operative medication, and discusses the mechanism of action and therapeutic prospects of novel agents. Title: The Vampirome: Transcriptome and proteome analysis of the principal and accessory submaxillary glands of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus, a vector of human rabies Francischetti IM, Assumpcao TC, Ma D, Li Y, Vicente EC, Uieda W, Ribeiro JM Ref: J Proteomics, 82:288, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Francischetti_2013_J.Proteomics_82_288 PubMedSearch: Francischetti 2013 J.Proteomics 82 288 PubMedID: 23411029 Abstract UNLABELLED: Vampire bats are notorious for being the sole mammals that strictly feed on fresh blood for their survival. While their saliva has been historically associated with anticoagulants, only one antihemostatic (plasminogen activator) has been molecularly and functionally characterized. Here, RNAs from both principal and accessory submaxillary (submandibular) salivary glands of Desmodus rotundus were extracted, and ~200 million reads were sequenced by Illumina. The principal gland was enriched with plasminogen activators with fibrinolytic properties, members of lipocalin and secretoglobin families, which bind prohemostatic prostaglandins, and endonucleases, which cleave neutrophil-derived procoagulant NETs. Anticoagulant (tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI), vasodilators (PACAP and C-natriuretic peptide), and metalloproteases (ADAMTS-1) were also abundantly expressed. Members of the TSG-6 (anti-inflammatory), antigen 5/CRISP, and CCL28-like (antimicrobial) protein families were also sequenced. Apyrases (which remove platelet agonist ADP), phosphatases (which degrade procoagulant polyphosphates), and sphingomyelinase were found at lower transcriptional levels. Accessory glands were enriched with antimicrobials (lysozyme, defensin, lactotransferrin) and protease inhibitors (TIL-domain, cystatin, Kazal). Mucins, heme-oxygenase, and IgG chains were present in both glands. Proteome analysis by nano LC-MS/MS confirmed that several transcripts are expressed in the glands. The database presented herein is accessible online at http://exon.niaid.nih.gov/transcriptome/D_rotundus/Supplemental-web.xlsx. These results reveal that bat saliva emerges as a novel source of modulators of vascular biology. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Vampire bat saliva emerges as a novel source of antihemostatics which modulate several aspects of vascular biology. Title: An insight into the sialotranscriptome of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis Ribeiro JM, Assumpcao TC, Ma D, Alvarenga PH, Pham VM, Andersen JF, Francischetti IM, Macaluso KR Ref: PLoS ONE, 7:e44612, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Ribeiro_2012_PLoS.ONE_7_e44612 PubMedSearch: Ribeiro 2012 PLoS.ONE 7 e44612 PubMedID: 23049752 Abstract BACKGROUND: Saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a diverse mixture of compounds that counteracts host hemostasis. Immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory components are also found in these organisms' saliva. Blood feeding evolved at least ten times within arthropods, providing a scenario of convergent evolution for the solution of the salivary potion. Perhaps because of immune pressure from hosts, the salivary proteins of related organisms have considerable divergence, and new protein families are often found within different genera of the same family or even among subgenera. Fleas radiated with their vertebrate hosts, including within the mammal expansion initiated 65 million years ago. Currently, only one flea species-the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis-has been investigated by means of salivary transcriptome analysis to reveal salivary constituents, or sialome. We present the analysis of the sialome of cat flea Ctenocephaides felis. METHODOLOGY AND CRITICAL FINDINGS: A salivary gland cDNA library from adult fleas was randomly sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Sialomes of cat and rat fleas have in common the enzyme families of phosphatases (inactive), CD-39-type apyrase, adenosine deaminases, and esterases. Antigen-5 members are also common to both sialomes, as are defensins. FS-I/Cys7 and the 8-Cys families of peptides are also shared by both fleas and are unique to these organisms. The Gly-His-rich peptide similar to holotricin was found only in the cat flea, as were the abundantly expressed Cys-less peptide and a novel short peptide family. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Fleas, in contrast to bloodsucking Nematocera (mosquitoes, sand flies, and black flies), appear to concentrate a good portion of their sialome in small polypeptides, none of which have a known function but could act as inhibitors of hemostasis or inflammation. They are also unique in expansion of a phosphatase family that appears to be deficient of enzyme activity and has an unknown function. Title: Cleavage-resistant fusion proteins of the M(2) muscarinic receptor and Galpha(i1). Homotropic and heterotropic effects in the binding of ligands Ma AW, Dong JY, Ma D, Wells JW Ref: Biochimica & Biophysica Acta, 1810:592, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2011_Biochim.Biophys.Acta_1810_592 PubMedSearch: Ma 2011 Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1810 592 PubMedID: 21397664 Abstract BACKGROUND: G protein-coupled receptors fused to a Galpha-subunit are functionally similar to their unfused counterparts. They offer an intriguing view into the nature of the receptor-G protein complex, but their usefulness depends upon the stability of the fusion. Title: Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase-catalyzed regioselective acylation of nucleosides: Enzyme substrate recognition Li N, Zong MH, Ma D Ref: J Biotechnol, 140:250, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2009_J.Biotechnol_140_250 PubMedSearch: Li 2009 J.Biotechnol 140 250 PubMedID: 19428721 Gene_locus related to this paper: humla-1lipa Abstract Substrate recognition of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase in the acylation of nucleosides was revealed through rational substrate engineering for the first time. T. lanuginosus lipase displayed higher catalytic activities and excellent 5'-regioselectivities (94->99%) in the acylation of ribonucleosides 1f-1j as compared to those in the acylation of 2'-deoxynucleosides 1a-1e. The higher reaction rates and excellent 5'-regioselectivities might derive from a favorable hydrogen bonding between the 2'-hydroxyl group of 1f-1j and phenolic hydroxyl group of Tyr21 present in the hydrophilic region of the lipase. Title: Unexpected reversal of the regioselectivity in Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase-catalyzed acylation of floxuridine Li N, Zong MH, Ma D Ref: Biotechnol Lett, 31:1241, 2009 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2009_Biotechnol.Lett_31_1241 PubMedSearch: Li 2009 Biotechnol.Lett 31 1241 PubMedID: 19360390 Abstract Unexpected inversion of the 3':5'-regioselectivity was observed in the enzymatic methacryloylation, crotonylation and cinnamoylation of floxuridine (1.5:1, 2.3:1 and 4.4:1, respectively), where Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase preferentially catalyzed the acylation of 3'-hydroxyl rather than that of 5'-hydroxyl group. The possible reason might be the presence of a remote interaction between the unsaturated bond in the acyl group and the aromatic ring of amino acid residue Trp89 in the lid of the lipase. Title: A phospholipase A1 platelet activator from the wasp venom of Vespa magnifica (Smith) Yang H, Xu X, Ma D, Zhang K, Lai R Ref: Toxicon, 51:289, 2008 : PubMed ESTHER: Yang_2008_Toxicon_51_289 PubMedSearch: Yang 2008 Toxicon 51 289 PubMedID: 18023835 Gene_locus related to this paper: vesmg-pa1 Abstract Wasp is an important venomous animal that can induce human fatalities. Aortic thrombosis and cerebral infarction are major clinical symptoms after massive wasp stings but the reason leading to the envenomation manifestation is still not known. In this paper, a toxin protein is purified and characterized by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, CM-Sephadex C-25 cationic exchange and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) from the venom of the wasp, Vespa magnifica (Smith). This protein, named magnifin, contains phospholipase-like activity and induces platelet aggregation. The cDNA encoding magnifin is cloned from the venom sac cDNA library of the wasp. The predicted protein was deduced from the cDNA with a sequence composed of 337 amino acid residues. Magnifin is very similar to other phospholipase A(1) (PLA(1)), especially to other wasp allergen PLA(1). Magnifin can activate platelet aggregation and induce thrombosis in vivo. The current results proved that PLA(1) in wasp venom could be contributable to aortic thrombosis after massive wasp stings. Title: Draft genome of the filarial nematode parasite Brugia malayi Ghedin E, Wang S, Spiro D, Caler E, Zhao Q, Crabtree J, Allen JE, Delcher AL, Guiliano DB and Scott AL <61 more author(s)> Ghedin E, Wang S, Spiro D, Caler E, Zhao Q, Crabtree J, Allen JE, Delcher AL, Guiliano DB, Miranda-Saavedra D, Angiuoli SV, Creasy T, Amedeo P, Haas B, El-Sayed NM, Wortman JR, Feldblyum T, Tallon L, Schatz M, Shumway M, Koo H, Salzberg SL, Schobel S, Pertea M, Pop M, White O, Barton GJ, Carlow CK, Crawford MJ, Daub J, Dimmic MW, Estes CF, Foster JM, Ganatra M, Gregory WF, Johnson NM, Jin J, Komuniecki R, Korf I, Kumar S, Laney S, Li BW, Li W, Lindblom TH, Lustigman S, Ma D, Maina CV, Martin DM, McCarter JP, McReynolds L, Mitreva M, Nutman TB, Parkinson J, Peregrin-Alvarez JM, Poole C, Ren Q, Saunders L, Sluder AE, Smith K, Stanke M, Unnasch TR, Ware J, Wei AD, Weil G, Williams DJ, Zhang Y, Williams SA, Fraser-Liggett C, Slatko B, Blaxter ML, Scott AL (- 61) Ref: Science, 317:1756, 2007 : PubMed ESTHER: Ghedin_2007_Science_317_1756 PubMedSearch: Ghedin 2007 Science 317 1756 PubMedID: 17885136 Gene_locus related to this paper: bruma-a8ndk6, bruma-a8njt8, bruma-a8nl88, bruma-a8npi4, bruma-a8npi6, bruma-a8p6g9, bruma-a8pah3, bruma-a8pc38, bruma-a8pek5, bruma-a8piq4, bruma-a8pnw8, bruma-a8psu4, bruma-a8pte1, bruma-a8q606, bruma-a8q632, bruma-a8q937, bruma-a8qav5, bruma-a8qbd9, bruma-a8qgj6, bruma-a8qh78, bruma-a8q143, bruma-a0a024mej5, bruma-a0a0k0jju9, bruma-a0a0i9n517 Abstract Parasitic nematodes that cause elephantiasis and river blindness threaten hundreds of millions of people in the developing world. We have sequenced the approximately 90 megabase (Mb) genome of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi and predict approximately 11,500 protein coding genes in 71 Mb of robustly assembled sequence. Comparative analysis with the free-living, model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that, despite these genes having maintained little conservation of local synteny during approximately 350 million years of evolution, they largely remain in linkage on chromosomal units. More than 100 conserved operons were identified. Analysis of the predicted proteome provides evidence for adaptations of B. malayi to niches in its human and vector hosts and insights into the molecular basis of a mutualistic relationship with its Wolbachia endosymbiont. These findings offer a foundation for rational drug design. Title: Mathematical basis for the optimization of single cell-line screening on multi-well plates Ma D, Wells JW Ref: Biotechnol Lett, 26:1441, 2004 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2004_Biotechnol.Lett_26_1441 PubMedSearch: Ma 2004 Biotechnol.Lett 26 1441 PubMedID: 15604778 Abstract Screening of stably transfected cells on multi-well plates is most efficient when a maximum number of wells contain a single colony. The multinomial distribution has been used to derive a novel equation that relates the number of wells containing a specified number of cell-lines and the total number of viable cells loaded on the plate. To test its validity, Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected with a gene coding for the M2 muscarinic cholinergic receptor and screened on 96-well plates. The observed and predicted numbers of wells containing a single cell-line were indistinguishable. This approach therefore can be used to optimize the conditions for screening transfected cells. Title: Genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with genomes of Escherichia coli K12 and O157 Jin Q, Yuan Z, Xu J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Lu W, Wang J, Liu H, Yang J and Yu J <23 more author(s)> Jin Q, Yuan Z, Xu J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Lu W, Wang J, Liu H, Yang J, Yang F, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang G, Wu H, Qu D, Dong J, Sun L, Xue Y, Zhao A, Gao Y, Zhu J, Kan B, Ding K, Chen S, Cheng H, Yao Z, He B, Chen R, Ma D, Qiang B, Wen Y, Hou Y, Yu J (- 23) Ref: Nucleic Acids Research, 30:4432, 2002 : PubMed ESTHER: Jin_2002_Nucleic.Acids.Res_30_4432 PubMedSearch: Jin 2002 Nucleic.Acids.Res 30 4432 PubMedID: 12384590 Gene_locus related to this paper: ecoli-Aes, ecoli-yafa, ecoli-ycfp, ecoli-yqia, ecoli-YfhR, shifl-AES, shifl-BIOH, shifl-entf, shifl-FES, shifl-PLDB, shifl-PTRB, shifl-SF1334, shifl-SF1808, shifl-SF3046, shifl-SF3908, shifl-yafa, shifl-YBFF, shifl-YCDJ, shifl-YCJY, shifl-YFBB, shifl-YHET, shifl-YIEL, shifl-YJFP, shifl-YPFH Abstract We have sequenced the genome of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a, the most prevalent species and serotype that causes bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in man. The whole genome is composed of a 4 607 203 bp chromosome and a 221 618 bp virulence plasmid, designated pCP301. While the plasmid shows minor divergence from that sequenced in serotype 5a, striking characteristics of the chromosome have been revealed. The S.flexneri chromosome has, astonishingly, 314 IS elements, more than 7-fold over those possessed by its close relatives, the non-pathogenic K12 strain and enterohemorrhagic O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli. There are 13 translocations and inversions compared with the E.coli sequences, all involve a segment larger than 5 kb, and most are associated with deletions or acquired DNA sequences, of which several are likely to be bacteriophage-transmitted pathogenicity islands. Furthermore, S.flexneri, resembling another human-restricted enteric pathogen, Salmonella typhi, also has hundreds of pseudogenes compared with the E.coli strains. All of these could be subjected to investigations towards novel preventative and treatment strategies against shigellosis. Title: The sequence of the human genome Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA and Zhu X <264 more author(s)> Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigo R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X (- 264) Ref: Science, 291:1304, 2001 : PubMed ESTHER: Venter_2001_Science_291_1304 PubMedSearch: Venter 2001 Science 291 1304 PubMedID: 11181995 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-AADAC, human-ABHD1, human-ABHD10, human-ABHD11, human-ACHE, human-BCHE, human-LDAH, human-ABHD18, human-CMBL, human-ABHD17A, human-KANSL3, human-LIPA, human-LYPLAL1, human-NDRG2, human-NLGN3, human-NLGN4X, human-NLGN4Y, human-PAFAH2, human-PREPL, human-RBBP9, human-SPG21 Abstract A 2.91-billion base pair (bp) consensus sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome was generated by the whole-genome shotgun sequencing method. The 14.8-billion bp DNA sequence was generated over 9 months from 27,271,853 high-quality sequence reads (5.11-fold coverage of the genome) from both ends of plasmid clones made from the DNA of five individuals. Two assembly strategies-a whole-genome assembly and a regional chromosome assembly-were used, each combining sequence data from Celera and the publicly funded genome effort. The public data were shredded into 550-bp segments to create a 2.9-fold coverage of those genome regions that had been sequenced, without including biases inherent in the cloning and assembly procedure used by the publicly funded group. This brought the effective coverage in the assemblies to eightfold, reducing the number and size of gaps in the final assembly over what would be obtained with 5.11-fold coverage. The two assembly strategies yielded very similar results that largely agree with independent mapping data. The assemblies effectively cover the euchromatic regions of the human chromosomes. More than 90% of the genome is in scaffold assemblies of 100,000 bp or more, and 25% of the genome is in scaffolds of 10 million bp or larger. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed 26,588 protein-encoding transcripts for which there was strong corroborating evidence and an additional approximately 12,000 computationally derived genes with mouse matches or other weak supporting evidence. Although gene-dense clusters are obvious, almost half the genes are dispersed in low G+C sequence separated by large tracts of apparently noncoding sequence. Only 1.1% of the genome is spanned by exons, whereas 24% is in introns, with 75% of the genome being intergenic DNA. Duplications of segmental blocks, ranging in size up to chromosomal lengths, are abundant throughout the genome and reveal a complex evolutionary history. Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems. DNA sequence comparisons between the consensus sequence and publicly funded genome data provided locations of 2.1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A random pair of human haploid genomes differed at a rate of 1 bp per 1250 on average, but there was marked heterogeneity in the level of polymorphism across the genome. Less than 1% of all SNPs resulted in variation in proteins, but the task of determining which SNPs have functional consequences remains an open challenge. Title: Molecular similarity analysis between insect juvenile hormone and N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) analogs may aid design of novel insect repellents Bhattacharjee AK, Gupta RK, Ma D, Karle JM Ref: J Mol Recognit, 13:213, 2000 : PubMed ESTHER: Bhattacharjee_2000_J.Mol.Recognit_13_213 PubMedSearch: Bhattacharjee 2000 J.Mol.Recognit 13 213 PubMedID: 10931558 Abstract Molecular similarity analysis of stereoelectronic properties between natural insect juvenile hormone (JH), -a synthetic insect juvenile hormone mimic (JH-mimic, undecen-2-yl carbamate), and N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and its analogs reveals similarities that may aid the design of more efficacious insect repellents and give a better insight into the mechanism of repellent action. The study involves quantum chemical calculations using the AM1 semi-empirical computational method enabling a conformational search for the lowest and most abundant energy conformers of JH, JH-mimic, and 15 DEET compounds, followed by complete geometry optimization of the conformers. Similarity analyses of stereoelectronic properties such as structural parameters, atomic charges, dipole moments, molecular electrostatic potentials, and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies were performed on JH, JH-mimic and the DEET compounds. The similarity of stereoelectronic attributes of the amide/ester moiety, the negative electrostatic potential regions beyond the van der Waals surface, and the large distribution of hydrophobic regions in the compounds appear to be the three important factors leading to a similar interaction with the JH receptor. The similarity of electrostatic profiles beyond the van der Waals surface is likely to play a crucial role in molecular recognition interaction with the JH receptor from a distance. This also suggests electrostatic bioisosterism of the amide group of the DEET compounds and JH-mimic and, thus, a model for molecular recognition at the JH receptor. The insect repellent property of the DEET analogs may thus be attributed to a conflict of complementarity for the JH receptor binding sites. | |||||||
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