Author Report for: Jiang CNo contact information in database for Jiang C
Jiang C, Wang Z, Huang Y, Wang X, Chang M Ref: J Food Sci, :, 2023 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2023_J.Food.Sci__ PubMedSearch: Jiang 2023 J.Food.Sci PubMedID: 37219384 Abstract n - 3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n - 3 PUFA) have special physiological effect, but their contents in natural oils may not meet the growing demand. Lipase-catalyzed selective methanolysis could be used to produce acylglycerols rich in n - 3 PUFA. To explore the kinetics of enzymatic methanolysis, factors affecting the reaction, including reaction system, water content, substrate molar ratio, temperature, lipase loading, and reaction time, were first investigated in the view of optimizing the reaction. Then the effects of triacylglycerol concentrations and methanol concentrations on initial reaction rate were studied. Finally, the key kinetic parameters of methanolysis were determined subsequently. The results showed that under optimal conditions, the n - 3 PUFA content in acylglycerols increased from 39.88% to 71.41%, and the n - 3 PUFA yield was 73.67%. The reaction followed a Ping-Pong Bi Bi mechanism with inhibition by methanol. The kinetic analysis indicated the lipase could selectively remove saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in acylglycerols. The inhibition constant of methanol to the n - 3 PUFA (K(iM) , 0.30 mmol/L) was lower than that to the SFA and MUFA (219.64 and 79.71 mmol/L). The combined effects of the fatty acid selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase A and methanol inhibition resulted in an enrichment of n - 3 PUFA in acylglycerols. Overall, the methanolysis reaction catalyzed by the lipase A is a prospective enrichment method. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrated that enzymatic selective methanolysis is a prospective enrichment method to produce acylglycerols rich in n - 3 PUFA. This method is highly efficient, environment-friendly, and simple. n - 3 PUFA concentrates have been widely applied in the food, health-care food, and pharmaceutical industries. Title: New insights into the function of plant tannase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity Chen Y, Jiang C, Yin S, Zhuang J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T Ref: Plant J, :, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Chen_2022_Plant.J__ PubMedSearch: Chen 2022 Plant.J PubMedID: 36534122 Gene_locus related to this paper: camsi-CsTA Abstract Plant tannases (TAs) or tannin acyl hydrolases, a class of recently reported carboxylesterase (CXE) in tannin-rich plants, are involved in the degalloylation of two important secondary metabolites: flavan-3-ol gallates and hydrolyzable tannins (HTs). In this paper, we have made a new progress on the function of Camellia sinensis (Cs) TA-it is a hydrolase with promiscuous acyltransferase activity in vitro and in vivo experiments and promotes the synthesis of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan-3-ols gallates in plants. We gained the new understanding to the functions of CsTA through enzyme analysis, protein mass spectrometry identification, metabolic analysis of plants by genetic modification. Firstly, CsTA was proved that it is not only a hydrolase but also an acyltransferase. In the two-step covalent catalytic reaction, when CsTA hydrolyzes the galloylated compounds epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) or 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) into their degalloylated forms, a long-lived Ser159-linked galloyl-enzyme covalent intermediate is also formed. Under nucleophilic attack, the galloyl group on the intermediate is transferred to the nucleophilic acyl acceptors (including water, methanol, flavan-3-ols and simple galloyl glucoses). Then, metabolic analysis suggested that transiently overexpression of TAs in young strawberry fruits, young leaves of tea plants and young leaves of Chinese bayberry actually increased the total content of simple galloyl glucoses and flavan-3-ol gallates. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the promiscuous acyltransferase activity of plant tannase. Title: Integrated bioinformatics and machine learning strategies reveal PRDX6 as the key ferroptosis-associated molecular biosignature of heart failure Jiang C, Jiang W Ref: Gen Physiol Biophys, 41:365, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2022_Gen.Physiol.Biophys_41_365 PubMedSearch: Jiang 2022 Gen.Physiol.Biophys 41 365 PubMedID: 36222336 Abstract Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death and public health problems in the global population. This study aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related biomarkers associated with HF in clinical medicine using bioinformatics and machine learning strategies. Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to screen the module genes and analyze their biological functions and pathways. Ferroptosis-associated genes (FAG) in HF were determined and then machine learning algorithms were used for screening. Next, multiple external independent microarrays were used to verify molecular biosignature. Simultaneously, CIBERSORT was applied to estimate the immune infiltration landscape. Combined with the results of the WGCNA, 25 FAGs were determined and 6 FAMBs were selected by machine learning strategies. In addition, Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) was finally selected as the key ferroptosis-associated molecular biological feature based on multiple verifications of independent data sets. From the results of the infiltration and enrichment analysis, we believed that PRDX6, as a protective biomarker related to ferroptosis in HF, may help provide new ideas in the immunotherapy of HF. Title: Isolation and Identification of Efficient Malathion-Degrading Bacteria from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Sediment Ma L, Dai X, Ai G, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Pan C, Hu M, Jiang C, Wang L, Dong Z Ref: Microorganisms, 10:, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Ma_2022_Microorganisms_10_ PubMedSearch: Ma 2022 Microorganisms 10 PubMedID: 36144399 Abstract The genetic and metabolic diversity of deep-sea microorganisms play important roles in phosphorus and sulfur cycles in the ocean, distinguishing them from terrestrial counterparts. Malathion is a representative organophosphorus component in herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides and is analogues of neurotoxic agent. Malathion has been one of the best-selling generic organophosphate insecticides from 1980 to 2012. Most of the sprayed malathion has migrated by surface runoff to ocean sinks, and it is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Hitherto, there is no report on bacterial cultures capable of degrading malathion isolated from deep-sea sediment. In this study, eight bacterial strains, isolated from sediments from deep-sea hydrothermal regions, were identified as malathion degradators. Two of the tested strains, Pseudidiomarina homiensis strain FG2 and Pseudidiomarina sp. strain CB1, can completely degrade an initial concentration of 500 mg/L malathion within 36 h. Since the two strains have abundant carboxylesterases (CEs) genes, malathion monocarboxylic acid (MMC alpha and MMC beta) and dibasic carboxylic acid were detected as key intermediate metabolites of malathion degradation, and the pathway of malathion degradation between the two strains was identified as a passage from malathion monocarboxylic acid to malathion dicarboxylic acid. Title: Insights into acylation mechanisms: co-expression of serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases and their non-catalytic companion paralogs Yao S, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Zhao Y, Dai X, Jiang C, Wang Z, Jiang X, Zhang S and Xia T <6 more author(s)> Yao S, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Zhao Y, Dai X, Jiang C, Wang Z, Jiang X, Zhang S, Qian Y, Tai Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Xie DY, Gao L, Xia T (- 6) Ref: Plant J, 111:117, 2022 : PubMed ESTHER: Yao_2022_Plant.J_111_117 PubMedSearch: Yao 2022 Plant.J 111 117 PubMedID: 35437852 Gene_locus related to this paper: dioka-dkSCPL1, camsi-SCPL5, camsi-SCPL4 Abstract Serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferases (SCPL-ATs) play a vital role in the diversification of plant metabolites. Galloylated flavan-3-ols highly accumulate in tea (Camellia sinensis), grape (Vitis vinifera), and persimmon (Diospyros kaki). To date, the biosynthetic mechanism of these compounds remains unknown. Herein, we report that two SCPL-AT paralogs are involved in galloylation of flavan-3-ols: CsSCPL4, which contains the conserved catalytic triad S-D-H, and CsSCPL5, which has the alternative triad T-D-Y. Integrated data from transgenic plants, recombinant enzymes, and gene mutations showed that CsSCPL4 is a catalytic acyltransferase, while CsSCPL5 is a non-catalytic companion paralog (NCCP). Co-expression of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5 is likely responsible for the galloylation. Furthermore, pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5 interact, increasing protein stability and promoting post-translational processing. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses revealed that their homologs co-exist in galloylated flavan-3-ol- or hydrolyzable tannin-rich plant species. Enzymatic assays further revealed the necessity of co-expression of those homologs for acyltransferase activity. Evolution analysis revealed that the mutations of the CsSCPL5 catalytic residues may have taken place about 10 million years ago. These findings show that the co-expression of SCPL-ATs and their NCCPs contributes to the acylation of flavan-3-ols in the plant kingdom. Title: Synthesis of highly active enzyme-metal nanohybrids and uncovering the design rules Cheng G, Wu Q, Jiang C Ref: Enzyme Microb Technol, 154:109962, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Cheng_2021_Enzyme.Microb.Technol_154_109962 PubMedSearch: Cheng 2021 Enzyme.Microb.Technol 154 109962 PubMedID: 34915246 Abstract Nanobiohybrid CAL-B/MNPs were synthesized through enzyme in situ reduction of metal ions, including noble and non-noble metals. Lipase CAL-B acted as multifunctional reagents (reducing and supporting agents). The hybrid catalysts were systematically characterized by HRTEM, EDX, MALDI-TOF-MS, and XPS analysis, confirming that highly dispersed 3-5 nm nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on lipase matrix without agglomeration. The mechanism of CAL-B reducing metal ions was investigated, revealing that AGLFFSSKDL in the amino acid sequence of CAL-B from 111 to 128 formed a stable spatial structure through hydrogen bonding, which was the key factor for enzyme in situ reduction of metal ions into highly dispersed nanoparticles. Title: Identification and Antioxidant Abilities of Enzymatic-Transesterification (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate Stearyl Derivatives in Non-Aqueous Systems Jiang C, Wang L, Huang X, Zhu S, Ma C, Wang H Ref: Antioxidants (Basel), 10:, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2021_Antioxidants.(Basel)_10_ PubMedSearch: Jiang 2021 Antioxidants.(Basel) 10 PubMedID: 34439530 Abstract Vinyl stearate was added to enzymatic transesterification of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) to enhance its lipophilicity and antioxidant ability in a non-aqueous system. The lipase DF "Amano" 15 was used as the catalyst. The optimal reaction conditions were: acetonitrile as the solvent, the molar ratio of vinyl stearate: EGCG as 3:1, an enzyme amount of 4.0% (ratio of substrate mass), and a reaction temperature and time of 50 degreesC and 96 h, respectively, achieving 65.2% EGCG conversion. HPLC-MS and NMR were used to determine the structure of EGCG stearyl derivative (3'',5''-2-O-stearyl-EGCG). The lipophilicity of EGCG stearyl derivatives (3.49 +/- 0.34) was higher (5.06 times) than that of the parent EGCG (0.69 +/- 0.08). Furthermore, EGCG stearyl derivatives had excellent lipid oxidation compared with BHT, BHA, and parent EGCG. The POVs of soybean oil with EGCG stearyl derivatives (18.17 +/- 0.92 mEq/kg) were significantly reduced (by 62.5%) at 21 d compared with those of EGCG (48.50 +/- 1.23 mEq/kg). These results indicate that EGCG derivatives have broad antioxidant application prospects in lipophilic environments/high-fat food. Title: Structural characterization and antioxidant property of enzymatic-transesterification derivatives of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and vinyl laurate Jiang C, Wang L, Huang X, Zhu S, Ma C, Wang H Ref: J Food Sci, :, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2021_J.Food.Sci__ PubMedSearch: Jiang 2021 J.Food.Sci PubMedID: 34553787 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Epigallocatechin-gallate Abstract (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate(EGCG) was enzymatically modified to enhance the lipophilicity and the antioxidant property. The determination of optimal reaction conditions are as follows: Lipase DF "Amano" 15 and acetone were used as catalyst and solvent, respectively. Equal molar of EGCG and vinyl laurate (1:1); lipase addition of 6.0% (w/w of total substrates); reaction temperature of 50 degreesC and reaction time of 96 h, which obtained the conversion rate of EGCG at 80.1%. The structure of EGCG lauroyl derivatives were 5''-O-lauroyl-EGCG, 3'',5''-2-O-lauroyl-EGCG, and 5',3'',5''-3-O-lauroyl-EGCG, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Compared with the logP of precursor EGCG (0.69 +/- 0.03), the logP of EGCG lauroyl derivatives was 1.37 +/- 0.19, 2.27 +/- 0.33, and 3.28 +/- 0.37, increasing by 0.98, 2.28, and 3.75 times, respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting the grafted fatty acid chains make EGCG derivatives more lipophilic, and the lipid solubility gradually increased as the number of substituents increased. Furthermore, EGCG lauroyl derivatives had excellent lipid oxidation than that of EGCG. The POVs (peroxide values) of soybean oil with mono-, di-, tri-lauroyl EGCG were significantly reduced by 42%, 47%, and 57% than that of EGCG at 21 days, respectively, indicating the antioxidative inhibition of these derivatives decreased with the increase in substituents. This indicates that these derivatives have broad prospects of the antioxidant application while improving their solubility properties in lipophilic environments/high-fat food. Practical Application: The lipophilic esterification reaction of EGCG catalyzed by new catalytic lipase DF "Amano" 15 was carried out in a non-aqueous solvent.Various reaction factors on a higher conversion rate of EGCG lauroyl derivatives were evaluated. The lipophilicity and antioxidant properties of EGCG lauroyl derivatives were much excellent than that of parent EGCG. Title: Absolute protein assay for the simultaneous quantification of two epoxide hydrolases in rats by mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics Wu T, Xi X, Chen Y, Jiang C, Zhang Q, Dai G, Bai Y, Zhang W, Ni T and Xu M <2 more author(s)> Wu T, Xi X, Chen Y, Jiang C, Zhang Q, Dai G, Bai Y, Zhang W, Ni T, Zou J, Ju W, Xu M (- 2) Ref: J Sep Sci, :, 2021 : PubMed ESTHER: Wu_2021_J.Sep.Sci__ PubMedSearch: Wu 2021 J.Sep.Sci PubMedID: 34008891 Abstract Epoxide hydrolases catalyze the hydrolysis of both exogenous and endogenous epoxides to the corresponding vicinal diols by adding water. Microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase are two main mammalian enzymes that have been intensely characterized. The purpose of this investigation was to develop and validate a proteomics assay allowing the simultaneous quantification of microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase in rats. Protein quantification was realized through targeted proteomics, using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of trypsin-specific surrogate peptides after digestion. Stable isotope-labeled peptides were used as the internal standards. The chromatography of the surrogate peptides was performed on an Agilent SB C(18) column (100 mm x 4.6 mm, 1.8 microm) with gradient elution. Acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution were used as mobile phases. A multiple reaction monitoring method in a positive ionization mode was used for the simultaneous detection of the peptides. The method was validated concerning the specificity, linearity, within-day and between-day accuracy and precision, matrix effect, stability, and digestion efficiency. The developed assay was successfully used to quantify the protein levels of microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase in rat liver, kidney, and heart S9 samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Title: Exosomes Released from Rabies Virus-Infected Cells May be Involved in the Infection Process Wang J, Wu F, Liu C, Dai W, Teng Y, Su W, Kong W, Gao F, Cai L and Jiang C <1 more author(s)> Wang J, Wu F, Liu C, Dai W, Teng Y, Su W, Kong W, Gao F, Cai L, Hou A, Jiang C (- 1) Ref: Virol Sin, 34:59, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2019_Virol.Sin_34_59 PubMedSearch: Wang 2019 Virol.Sin 34 59 PubMedID: 30725320 Abstract Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are secreted by many eukaryotic cells. It has recently attracted attention as vehicles of intercellular communication. Virus-infected cells release exosomes, which contain viral proteins, RNA, and pathogenic molecules. However, the role of exosomes in virus infection process remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of exosomes on rabies virus infection. OptiPrep density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate exosomes from rabies virus-infected cell culture supernatants. A rabies virus G protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and acetylcholinesterase activity assays were performed to verify the centrifugation fractions. Exosomes were then characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Our results showed that rabies virus infection increased the release of exosomes. Treatment with GW4869 and si-Rab27a, two exosomal secretion inhibitors, inhibited exosome release. Furthermore, the inhibitors reduced the levels of extracellular and intracellular viral RNA. These data indicated that exosomes may participate in the viral infection process. Moreover, our results establish a basis for future research into the roles of exosomes in rabies virus infection and as potential targets for developing new antiviral strategies. Title: Self-reduction bimetallic nanoparticles on ultrathin MXene nanosheets as functional platform for pesticide sensing Zhao F, Yao Y, Jiang C, Shao Y, Barcelo D, Ying Y, Ping J Ref: J Hazard Mater, 384:121358, 2019 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhao_2019_J.Hazard.Mater_384_121358 PubMedSearch: Zhao 2019 J.Hazard.Mater 384 121358 PubMedID: 31600694 Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, named MXene, appear promising application prospects in sensor filed. Metal nanoparticles, especially bimetallic nanoparticles, are the superior nanocatalyst, which process excellent features due to the high specific surface area and synergistic catalytic capacity. Using ultrathin MXene nanosheets as the natural reducing agent and support, we prepare the shape-controlled Au-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles via a self-reduction process at room temperature in a short time, which can well enhance the catalytic performance and are benefit for the acetylcholinesterase immobilization. Based on their desired properties, we propose a disposable electrochemical biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide using the multi-dimensional nanocomposites (MXene/Au-Pd) as the functional platform. Under the optimized conditions, our fabricated biosensor exhibits a favorable linear relationship with the concentration of paraoxon from 0.1 to 1000mugL(-1), with a low detection limit of 1.75ng L(-1). Furthermore, the biosensor can be applied for paraoxon detection in pear and cucumber samples, providing an effective and useful avenue for the applicability of novel 2D nanomaterials in biosensing field. Title: Transfection of neurotrophin-3 into neural stem cells using ultrasound with microbubbles to treat denervated muscle atrophy Gong L, Jiang C, Liu L, Wan S, Tan W, Ma S, Jia X, Wang M, Hu A and Chen Y <4 more author(s)> Gong L, Jiang C, Liu L, Wan S, Tan W, Ma S, Jia X, Wang M, Hu A, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang F, Chen Y (- 4) Ref: Exp Ther Med, 15:620, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Gong_2018_Exp.Ther.Med_15_620 PubMedSearch: Gong 2018 Exp.Ther.Med 15 620 PubMedID: 29403547 Abstract Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with denervated muscle atrophy. However, the endogenous secretion of NT-3 is low and exogenous NT-3 lacks sufficient time to accumulate due to its short half-life. The transfection of NT-3 has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on denervated muscle and motor endplates. Neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiate into neurons and form motor endplate nerve-muscle connections. It has been previously demonstrated that local and noninvasive transfection can be performed using ultrasound with microbubbles (MBs). In the current study, hematoxylin and eosin, acetylcholinesterase and gold chloride staining, as well as transmission electron microscopy, were performed to verify the effects of this treatment strategy. The results demonstrated that using ultrasound with MBs for the transfection of NT-3 into NSCs, and their subsequent transplantation in vivo, attenuated the atrophy of denervated muscle and reduced motor endplate degeneration. This noninvasive, efficient and targeted treatment strategy may therefore be a potential treatment for patients with denervated muscle atrophy. Title: Monitoring and biochemical characterization of beta-cypermethrin resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sichuan Province, China Wang X, Xiang X, Yu H, Liu S, Yin Y, Cui P, Wu Y, Yang J, Jiang C, Yang Q Ref: Pestic Biochem Physiol, 146:71, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Wang_2018_Pestic.Biochem.Physiol_146_71 PubMedSearch: Wang 2018 Pestic.Biochem.Physiol 146 71 PubMedID: 29626995 Abstract The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, a major pest affecting numerous cultivated crops in China, has developed a serious resistance to many traditional chemical insecticides. The resistance levels of the field-collected populations from different districts in Sichuan Province, China, to nine insecticides were detected with a diet-incorporation bioassay. Compared to the Lab-ZN strain, five (in 2014) and three (in 2016) field populations displayed either high or extremely high levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin. All the field populations collected in 2014 were susceptible to emamectin benzoate, hexaflumuron, methoxyfenozide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and indoxacarb but exhibited low or moderate levels of resistance to abamectin. The resistances of field populations collected in 2016 were significantly higher than two years earlier, especial for chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole with RRs rising from 173.4- to 582.6-fold and 175.3- to 287.6-fold, respectively, even though the field populations had retained moderate or low levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos and hexaflumuron. The synergism experiment revealed that the resistance of the LS16 population to beta-cypermethrin may be mainly related to cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), which was responsible for the highest increase ratio of 37.97-fold, for piperonyl butoxide, rather than either carboxylesterase (CarE) or glutathione S-transferase (GST). The cytochrome P450 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity of the LS16 population was also the strongest among the treatments (P<0.05). Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native PAGE) indicated that enhanced E11, E13 and E15-E16 bands in the LS16 population likely contribute to the development of resistance to beta-cypermethrin. Title: Draft genome sequence of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis provides insights into the evolution of the tea genome and tea quality Wei C, Yang H, Wang S, Zhao J, Liu C, Gao L, Xia E, Lu Y, Tai Y and Wan X <33 more author(s)> Wei C, Yang H, Wang S, Zhao J, Liu C, Gao L, Xia E, Lu Y, Tai Y, She G, Sun J, Cao H, Tong W, Gao Q, Li Y, Deng W, Jiang X, Wang W, Chen Q, Zhang S, Li H, Wu J, Wang P, Li P, Shi C, Zheng F, Jian J, Huang B, Shan D, Shi M, Fang C, Yue Y, Li F, Li D, Wei S, Han B, Jiang C, Yin Y, Xia T, Zhang Z, Bennetzen JL, Zhao S, Wan X (- 33) Ref: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 115:E4151, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Wei_2018_Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A_115_E4151 PubMedSearch: Wei 2018 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A 115 E4151 PubMedID: 29678829 Gene_locus related to this paper: camsi-a0a4s4dr18, camsi-a0a4s4etg9, camsi-a0a4s4e3j5, camsi-a0a4s4d2s5, camsi-a0a4s4duc4, camsi-a0a4v3wr80 Abstract Tea, one of the world's most important beverage crops, provides numerous secondary metabolites that account for its rich taste and health benefits. Here we present a high-quality sequence of the genome of tea, Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS), using both Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies. At least 64% of the 3.1-Gb genome assembly consists of repetitive sequences, and the rest yields 33,932 high-confidence predictions of encoded proteins. Divergence between two major lineages, CSS and Camellia sinensis var. assamica (CSA), is calculated to approximately 0.38 to 1.54 million years ago (Mya). Analysis of genic collinearity reveals that the tea genome is the product of two rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) that occurred approximately 30 to 40 and approximately 90 to 100 Mya. We provide evidence that these WGD events, and subsequent paralogous duplications, had major impacts on the copy numbers of secondary metabolite genes, particularly genes critical to producing three key quality compounds: catechins, theanine, and caffeine. Analyses of transcriptome and phytochemistry data show that amplification and transcriptional divergence of genes encoding a large acyltransferase family and leucoanthocyanidin reductases are associated with the characteristic young leaf accumulation of monomeric galloylated catechins in tea, while functional divergence of a single member of the glutamine synthetase gene family yielded theanine synthetase. This genome sequence will facilitate understanding of tea genome evolution and tea metabolite pathways, and will promote germplasm utilization for breeding improved tea varieties. Title: Metallic Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets as an Effective and Biocompatible Transducer for Electrochemical Detection of Pesticide Zhao F, Yao Y, Li X, Lan L, Jiang C, Ping J Ref: Analytical Chemistry, 90:11658, 2018 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhao_2018_Anal.Chem_90_11658 PubMedSearch: Zhao 2018 Anal.Chem 90 11658 PubMedID: 30156095 Abstract Owing to their large specific surface, favorable electrical conductivity, and excellent electrocatalytic capabilities, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have received considerable attention in the field of biosensors. On the basis of these properties, we developed a portable and disposable enzyme-based biosensor for paraoxon detection using a metallic MoS2 nanosheets modified screen-printed electrode (SPE). The exfoliated ultrathin metallic MoS2 nanosheets can accelerate the electron transfer on electrode surface and contribute to the immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) via the cross-linking of glutaraldehyde. Electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on SPE were used to immobilize MoS2 nanosheets through the interaction between Au atoms on AuNPs and S atoms on MoS2. Using acetylcholine as the substrate, AChE can catalyze the formation of electroactive thiocholine and further generate the redox current. In the presence of paraoxon, the activity of AChE can be inhibited, making the related electrochemical signals weaken. Under the optimized conditions, this electrochemical biosensor exhibited a favorable linear relationship with the concentration of paraoxon from 1.0 to 1000 mug L(-1), with the detection limit of 0.013 mug L(-1). Furthermore, this developed biosensor was successfully applied to detect paraoxon in pretreated apple and pakchoi samples, which can provide a reliable method for the rapid analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products. Title: Genome of the facultative scuticociliatosis pathogen Pseudocohnilembus persalinus provides insight into its virulence through horizontal gene transfer Xiong J, Wang G, Cheng J, Tian M, Pan X, Warren A, Jiang C, Yuan D, Miao W Ref: Sci Rep, 5:15470, 2015 : PubMed ESTHER: Xiong_2015_Sci.Rep_5_15470 PubMedSearch: Xiong 2015 Sci.Rep 5 15470 PubMedID: 26486372 Gene_locus related to this paper: psepj-a0a0v0q7e6 Abstract Certain ciliates of the subclass Scuticociliatia (scuticociliates) are facultative parasites of fishes in which they cause a suite of diseases collectively termed scuticociliatosis. Hitherto, comparatively little was known about genetics and genomics of scuticociliates or the mechanism of scuticociliatosis. In this study, a laboratory culture of the facultatively pathogenic scuticociliate Pseudocohnilembus persalinus was established and its genome sequenced, giving the first genome of a marine ciliate. Genome-wide horizontal gene transfer (HGT) analysis showed P. persalinus has acquired many unique prokaryote-derived genes that potentially contribute to the virulence of this organism, including cell adhesion, hemolysis and heme utilization genes. These findings give new insights into our understanding of the pathology of scuticociliates. Title: Sequential evolution of bacterial morphology by co-option of a developmental regulator Jiang C, Brown PJ, Ducret A, Brun YV Ref: Nature, 506:489, 2014 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2014_Nature_506_489 PubMedSearch: Jiang 2014 Nature 506 489 PubMedID: 24463524 Gene_locus related to this paper: 9caul-v4pmj2, 9caul-v4n336, 9caul-v4npu7, 9caul-v4p6q0, 9caul-v4qyq1, 9caul-v4rsw2, 9caul-v4pd96, 9caul-v4nlz5, 9caul-v4psh7, 9caul-v4n532, 9caul-f4qqc0, 9caul-v4pg94, 9caul-v4q119 Abstract What mechanisms underlie the transitions responsible for the diverse shapes observed in the living world? Although bacteria exhibit a myriad of morphologies, the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of bacterial cell shape are not understood. We investigated morphological diversity in a group of bacteria that synthesize an appendage-like extension of the cell envelope called the stalk. The location and number of stalks varies among species, as exemplified by three distinct subcellular positions of stalks within a rod-shaped cell body: polar in the genus Caulobacter and subpolar or bilateral in the genus Asticcacaulis. Here we show that a developmental regulator of Caulobacter crescentus, SpmX, is co-opted in the genus Asticcacaulis to specify stalk synthesis either at the subpolar or bilateral positions. We also show that stepwise evolution of a specific region of SpmX led to the gain of a new function and localization of this protein, which drove the sequential transition in stalk positioning. Our results indicate that changes in protein function, co-option and modularity are key elements in the evolution of bacterial morphology. Therefore, similar evolutionary principles of morphological transitions apply to both single-celled prokaryotes and multicellular eukaryotes. Title: Distinct loci in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with onset of regular smoking Stephens SH, Hartz SM, Hoft NR, Saccone NL, Corley RC, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Breslau N, Coon H and Ehringer MA <116 more author(s)> Stephens SH, Hartz SM, Hoft NR, Saccone NL, Corley RC, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Breslau N, Coon H, Chen X, Ducci F, Dueker N, Franceschini N, Frank J, Han Y, Hansel NN, Jiang C, Korhonen T, Lind PA, Liu J, Lyytikainen LP, Michel M, Shaffer JR, Short SE, Sun J, Teumer A, Thompson JR, Vogelzangs N, Vink JM, Wenzlaff A, Wheeler W, Yang BZ, Aggen SH, Balmforth AJ, Baumeister SE, Beaty TH, Benjamin DJ, Bergen AW, Broms U, Cesarini D, Chatterjee N, Chen J, Cheng YC, Cichon S, Couper D, Cucca F, Dick D, Foroud T, Furberg H, Giegling I, Gillespie NA, Gu F, Hall AS, Hallfors J, Han S, Hartmann AM, Heikkila K, Hickie IB, Hottenga JJ, Jousilahti P, Kaakinen M, Kahonen M, Koellinger PD, Kittner S, Konte B, Landi MT, Laatikainen T, Leppert M, Levy SM, Mathias RA, McNeil DW, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Murray T, Nauck M, North KE, Pare PD, Pergadia M, Ruczinski I, Salomaa V, Viikari J, Willemsen G, Barnes KC, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Caporaso N, Edenberg HJ, Francks C, Gelernter J, Grabe HJ, Hops H, Jarvelin MR, Johannesson M, Kendler KS, Lehtimaki T, Magnusson PK, Marazita ML, Marchini J, Mitchell BD, Nothen MM, Penninx BW, Raitakari O, Rietschel M, Rujescu D, Samani NJ, Schwartz AG, Shete S, Spitz M, Swan GE, Volzke H, Veijola J, Wei Q, Amos C, Cannon DS, Grucza R, Hatsukami D, Heath A, Johnson EO, Kaprio J, Madden P, Martin NG, Stevens VL, Weiss RB, Kraft P, Bierut LJ, Ehringer MA (- 116) Ref: Genet Epidemiol, 37:846, 2013 : PubMed ESTHER: Stephens_2013_Genet.Epidemiol_37_846 PubMedSearch: Stephens 2013 Genet.Epidemiol 37 846 PubMedID: 24186853 Abstract Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes (CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4) have been reproducibly associated with nicotine dependence, smoking behaviors, and lung cancer risk. Of the few reports that have focused on early smoking behaviors, association results have been mixed. This meta-analysis examines early smoking phenotypes and SNPs in the gene cluster to determine: (1) whether the most robust association signal in this region (rs16969968) for other smoking behaviors is also associated with early behaviors, and/or (2) if additional statistically independent signals are important in early smoking. We focused on two phenotypes: age of tobacco initiation (AOI) and age of first regular tobacco use (AOS). This study included 56,034 subjects (41 groups) spanning nine countries and evaluated five SNPs including rs1948, rs16969968, rs578776, rs588765, and rs684513. Each dataset was analyzed using a centrally generated script. Meta-analyses were conducted from summary statistics. AOS yielded significant associations with SNPs rs578776 (beta = 0.02, P = 0.004), rs1948 (beta = 0.023, P = 0.018), and rs684513 (beta = 0.032, P = 0.017), indicating protective effects. There were no significant associations for the AOI phenotype. Importantly, rs16969968, the most replicated signal in this region for nicotine dependence, cigarettes per day, and cotinine levels, was not associated with AOI (P = 0.59) or AOS (P = 0.92). These results provide important insight into the complexity of smoking behavior phenotypes, and suggest that association signals in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster affecting early smoking behaviors may be different from those affecting the mature nicotine dependence phenotype. Title: Increased genetic vulnerability to smoking at CHRNA5 in early-onset smokers Hartz SM, Short SE, Saccone NL, Culverhouse R, Chen L, Schwantes-An TH, Coon H, Han Y, Stephens SH and Bierut LJ <142 more author(s)> Hartz SM, Short SE, Saccone NL, Culverhouse R, Chen L, Schwantes-An TH, Coon H, Han Y, Stephens SH, Sun J, Chen X, Ducci F, Dueker N, Franceschini N, Frank J, Geller F, Gubjartsson D, Hansel NN, Jiang C, Keskitalo-Vuokko K, Liu Z, Lyytikainen LP, Michel M, Rawal R, Rosenberger A, Scheet P, Shaffer JR, Teumer A, Thompson JR, Vink JM, Vogelzangs N, Wenzlaff AS, Wheeler W, Xiao X, Yang BZ, Aggen SH, Balmforth AJ, Baumeister SE, Beaty T, Bennett S, Bergen AW, Boyd HA, Broms U, Campbell H, Chatterjee N, Chen J, Cheng YC, Cichon S, Couper D, Cucca F, Dick DM, Foroud T, Furberg H, Giegling I, Gu F, Hall AS, Hallfors J, Han S, Hartmann AM, Hayward C, Heikkila K, Hewitt JK, Hottenga JJ, Jensen MK, Jousilahti P, Kaakinen M, Kittner SJ, Konte B, Korhonen T, Landi MT, Laatikainen T, Leppert M, Levy SM, Mathias RA, McNeil DW, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Muley T, Murray T, Nauck M, North K, Pergadia M, Polasek O, Ramos EM, Ripatti S, Risch A, Ruczinski I, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Schlessinger D, Styrkarsdottir U, Terracciano A, Uda M, Willemsen G, Wu X, Abecasis G, Barnes K, Bickeboller H, Boerwinkle E, Boomsma DI, Caporaso N, Duan J, Edenberg HJ, Francks C, Gejman PV, Gelernter J, Grabe HJ, Hops H, Jarvelin MR, Viikari J, Kahonen M, Kendler KS, Lehtimaki T, Levinson DF, Marazita ML, Marchini J, Melbye M, Mitchell BD, Murray JC, Nothen MM, Penninx BW, Raitakari O, Rietschel M, Rujescu D, Samani NJ, Sanders AR, Schwartz AG, Shete S, Shi J, Spitz M, Stefansson K, Swan GE, Thorgeirsson T, Volzke H, Wei Q, Wichmann HE, Amos CI, Breslau N, Cannon DS, Ehringer M, Grucza R, Hatsukami D, Heath A, Johnson EO, Kaprio J, Madden P, Martin NG, Stevens VL, Stitzel JA, Weiss RB, Kraft P, Bierut LJ (- 142) Ref: Arch Gen Psychiatry, 69:854, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Hartz_2012_Arch.Gen.Psychiatry_69_854 PubMedSearch: Hartz 2012 Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 69 854 PubMedID: 22868939 Abstract CONTEXT: Recent studies have shown an association between cigarettes per day (CPD) and a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in CHRNA5, rs16969968. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the association between rs16969968 and smoking is modified by age at onset of regular smoking. DATA SOURCES: Primary data. STUDY SELECTION: Available genetic studies containing measures of CPD and the genotype of rs16969968 or its proxy. DATA EXTRACTION: Uniform statistical analysis scripts were run locally. Starting with 94,050 ever-smokers from 43 studies, we extracted the heavy smokers (CPD >20) and light smokers (CPD </=10) with age-at-onset information, reducing the sample size to 33,348. Each study was stratified into early-onset smokers (age at onset </=16 years) and late-onset smokers (age at onset >16 years), and a logistic regression of heavy vs light smoking with the rs16969968 genotype was computed for each stratum. Meta-analysis was performed within each age-at-onset stratum. DATA SYNTHESIS: Individuals with 1 risk allele at rs16969968 who were early-onset smokers were significantly more likely to be heavy smokers in adulthood (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.36-1.55; n = 13,843) than were carriers of the risk allele who were late-onset smokers (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.21-1.33, n = 19,505) (P = .01). CONCLUSION: These results highlight an increased genetic vulnerability to smoking in early-onset smokers. Title: Sequencing the genome of Marssonina brunnea reveals fungus-poplar co-evolution Zhu S, Cao YZ, Jiang C, Tan BY, Wang Z, Feng S, Zhang L, Su XH, Brejova B and Zhou Y <6 more author(s)> Zhu S, Cao YZ, Jiang C, Tan BY, Wang Z, Feng S, Zhang L, Su XH, Brejova B, Vinar T, Xu M, Wang MX, Zhang SG, Huang MR, Wu R, Zhou Y (- 6) Ref: BMC Genomics, 13:382, 2012 : PubMed ESTHER: Zhu_2012_BMC.Genomics_13_382 PubMedSearch: Zhu 2012 BMC.Genomics 13 382 PubMedID: 22876864 Gene_locus related to this paper: marbu-k1wj37, marbu-k1xt94, marbu-k1wdc0, marbu-k1wht2, marbu-k1wj82, marbu-k1wkk6, marbu-k1wnk8, marbu-k1wpc4, marbu-k1wrg1, marbu-k1wsf4, marbu-k1wtx1, marbu-k1x087, marbu-k1x383, marbu-k1x3g3, marbu-k1x464, marbu-k1x8c9, marbu-k1xi08, marbu-k1xzh8, marbu-k1y283, marbu-k1x918, marbu-k1wzc0, marbu-k1xu92, marbu-k1xws5 Abstract BACKGROUND: The fungus Marssonina brunnea is a causal pathogen of Marssonina leaf spot that devastates poplar plantations by defoliating susceptible trees before normal fall leaf drop. Title: A novel porcine gene, LIPC, differentially expressed in the liver tissues from Meishan and Large White pigs Jiang C, Liu Y Ref: J Appl Genet, 52:219, 2011 : PubMed ESTHER: Jiang_2011_J.Appl.Genet_52_219 PubMedSearch: Jiang 2011 J.Appl.Genet 52 219 PubMedID: 21327595 Gene_locus related to this paper: pig-b8xsi5 Abstract The mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences in gene expression in the liver tissues from Meishan and Large White pigs. One novel gene that was differentially expressed was identified through semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the cDNA complete sequence was then obtained using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The nucleotide sequence of the gene is not homologous to any of the known porcine genes. The sequence prediction analysis revealed that the open reading frame of this gene encoding a protein of 501 amino acids has high homology with the lipase, hepatic (LIPC) of seven species--cattle (82%), rhesus monkey (79%), chimpanzee (78%), rabbit (77%), human (78%), mouse (73%) and rat (72%)--so that it can be defined as the swine LIPC gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the swine LIPC gene has a closer genetic relationship with the LIPC of cattle. Tissue expression profile analysis indicated that the swine LIPC gene is also differentially expressed in other detected tissues from Meishan and Large White pigs. Our experiment suggested that the swine LIPC gene might play an important role in the superabundant fat deposition of Chinese pigs. Title: Neuronal differentiation of NTE-deficient embryonic stem cells Li Z, Szurek PF, Jiang C, Pao A, Bundy B, Le WD, Bradley A, Yu YE Ref: Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications, 330:1103, 2005 : PubMed ESTHER: Li_2005_Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun_330_1103 PubMedSearch: Li 2005 Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun 330 1103 PubMedID: 15823557 Abstract Organophosphates induce neurological disorders. One of the enzymes inhibited by these compounds is neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In vitro, inhibition of NTE activity by organophosphates is correlated with inhibition of neurite initiation and reduction of neurite length, supporting the hypothesis that organophosphate-induced neurological disorders are caused by inhibition of NTE activity. However, there is no direct evidence for the involvement of NTE in organophosphate-induced impairment of neurites in vitro. To examine the role of NTE, we have generated NTE-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. These cells can differentiate into neuron-like cells. Although NTE-deficient cells exhibited a delay in neurite initiation in vitro, both the proportion of neuron-like cells which initiated neurites and the elongation of these neurites occurred at the normal rate. These results demonstrate that NTE activity is not required for neurite initiation or elongation per se, but is essential for the optimal rate of neurite initiation. Title: [Insecticide resistance of different populations of white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera:Delphacidae)] Yao H, Jiang C, Ye G, Cheng J Ref: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao, 13:101, 2002 : PubMed ESTHER: Yao_2002_Ying.Yong.Sheng.Tai.Xue.Bao_13_101 PubMedSearch: Yao 2002 Ying.Yong.Sheng.Tai.Xue.Bao 13 101 PubMedID: 11962304 Inhibitor(s) related to this paper: Isoprocarb Abstract Resistance to some insecticides used commonly in different populations of the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera collected from Zhejiang, Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan Province in China was measured. The specific activities of some resistance-associated enzymes, i.e. esterase, carboxylesterase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase from these populations were also measured. The resistant levels to malathion, methamidophos, isoprocarb and buprofezin were markedly higher in Yunnan and Hainan populations than in other populations, but considerably more heterogeneity in response to insecticides was found in Zhejiang and Guangxi populations. The specific activities of the enzymes were obviously higher in Zhejiang and Guangxi populations than in Yunnan and Hainan populations, and the distribution range of the enzyme activity was the widest in Zhejiang population, and the narrowest in Guangxi population. Finally, The relationship between the long-distance migration and the territorial difference in insecticide resistant level and activities of the enzymes in the populations of this planthopper was discussed. | |||||||
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