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Title: Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogenyClark AG , Eisen MB , Smith DR , Bergman CM , Oliver B , Markow TA , Kaufman TC , Kellis M , Gelbart W and MacCallum I <405 more author(s)> Clark AG , Eisen MB , Smith DR , Bergman CM , Oliver B , Markow TA , Kaufman TC , Kellis M , Gelbart W , Iyer VN , Pollard DA , Sackton TB , Larracuente AM , Singh ND , Abad JP , Abt DN , Adryan B , Aguade M , Akashi H , Anderson WW , Aquadro CF , Ardell DH , Arguello R , Artieri CG , Barbash DA , Barker D , Barsanti P , Batterham P , Batzoglou S , Begun D , Bhutkar A , Blanco E , Bosak SA , Bradley RK , Brand AD , Brent MR , Brooks AN , Brown RH , Butlin RK , Caggese C , Calvi BR , Bernardo de Carvalho A , Caspi A , Castrezana S , Celniker SE , Chang JL , Chapple C , Chatterji S , Chinwalla A , Civetta A , Clifton SW , Comeron JM , Costello JC , Coyne JA , Daub J , David RG , Delcher AL , Delehaunty K , Do CB , Ebling H , Edwards K , Eickbush T , Evans JD , Filipski A , Findeiss S , Freyhult E , Fulton L , Fulton R , Garcia AC , Gardiner A , Garfield DA , Garvin BE , Gibson G , Gilbert D , Gnerre S , Godfrey J , Good R , Gotea V , Gravely B , Greenberg AJ , Griffiths-Jones S , Gross S , Guigo R , Gustafson EA , Haerty W , Hahn MW , Halligan DL , Halpern AL , Halter GM , Han MV , Heger A , Hillier L , Hinrichs AS , Holmes I , Hoskins RA , Hubisz MJ , Hultmark D , Huntley MA , Jaffe DB , Jagadeeshan S , Jeck WR , Johnson J , Jones CD , Jordan WC , Karpen GH , Kataoka E , Keightley PD , Kheradpour P , Kirkness EF , Koerich LB , Kristiansen K , Kudrna D , Kulathinal RJ , Kumar S , Kwok R , Lander E , Langley CH , Lapoint R , Lazzaro BP , Lee SJ , Levesque L , Li R , Lin CF , Lin MF , Lindblad-Toh K , Llopart A , Long M , Low L , Lozovsky E , Lu J , Luo M , Machado CA , Makalowski W , Marzo M , Matsuda M , Matzkin L , McAllister B , McBride CS , McKernan B , McKernan K , Mendez-Lago M , Minx P , Mollenhauer MU , Montooth K , Mount SM , Mu X , Myers E , Negre B , Newfeld S , Nielsen R , Noor MA , O'Grady P , Pachter L , Papaceit M , Parisi MJ , Parisi M , Parts L , Pedersen JS , Pesole G , Phillippy AM , Ponting CP , Pop M , Porcelli D , Powell JR , Prohaska S , Pruitt K , Puig M , Quesneville H , Ram KR , Rand D , Rasmussen MD , Reed LK , Reenan R , Reily A , Remington KA , Rieger TT , Ritchie MG , Robin C , Rogers YH , Rohde C , Rozas J , Rubenfield MJ , Ruiz A , Russo S , Salzberg SL , Sanchez-Gracia A , Saranga DJ , Sato H , Schaeffer SW , Schatz MC , Schlenke T , Schwartz R , Segarra C , Singh RS , Sirot L , Sirota M , Sisneros NB , Smith CD , Smith TF , Spieth J , Stage DE , Stark A , Stephan W , Strausberg RL , Strempel S , Sturgill D , Sutton G , Sutton GG , Tao W , Teichmann S , Tobari YN , Tomimura Y , Tsolas JM , Valente VL , Venter E , Venter JC , Vicario S , Vieira FG , Vilella AJ , Villasante A , Walenz B , Wang J , Wasserman M , Watts T , Wilson D , Wilson RK , Wing RA , Wolfner MF , Wong A , Wong GK , Wu CI , Wu G , Yamamoto D , Yang HP , Yang SP , Yorke JA , Yoshida K , Zdobnov E , Zhang P , Zhang Y , Zimin AV , Baldwin J , Abdouelleil A , Abdulkadir J , Abebe A , Abera B , Abreu J , Acer SC , Aftuck L , Alexander A , An P , Anderson E , Anderson S , Arachi H , Azer M , Bachantsang P , Barry A , Bayul T , Berlin A , Bessette D , Bloom T , Blye J , Boguslavskiy L , Bonnet C , Boukhgalter B , Bourzgui I , Brown A , Cahill P , Channer S , Cheshatsang Y , Chuda L , Citroen M , Collymore A , Cooke P , Costello M , D'Aco K , Daza R , De Haan G , DeGray S , DeMaso C , Dhargay N , Dooley K , Dooley E , Doricent M , Dorje P , Dorjee K , Dupes A , Elong R , Falk J , Farina A , Faro S , Ferguson D , Fisher S , Foley CD , Franke A , Friedrich D , Gadbois L , Gearin G , Gearin CR , Giannoukos G , Goode T , Graham J , Grandbois E , Grewal S , Gyaltsen K , Hafez N , Hagos B , Hall J , Henson C , Hollinger A , Honan T , Huard MD , Hughes L , Hurhula B , Husby ME , Kamat A , Kanga B , Kashin S , Khazanovich D , Kisner P , Lance K , Lara M , Lee W , Lennon N , Letendre F , LeVine R , Lipovsky A , Liu X , Liu J , Liu S , Lokyitsang T , Lokyitsang Y , Lubonja R , Lui A , Macdonald P , Magnisalis V , Maru K , Matthews C , McCusker W , McDonough S , Mehta T , Meldrim J , Meneus L , Mihai O , Mihalev A , Mihova T , Mittelman R , Mlenga V , Montmayeur A , Mulrain L , Navidi A , Naylor J , Negash T , Nguyen T , Nguyen N , Nicol R , Norbu C , Norbu N , Novod N , O'Neill B , Osman S , Markiewicz E , Oyono OL , Patti C , Phunkhang P , Pierre F , Priest M , Raghuraman S , Rege F , Reyes R , Rise C , Rogov P , Ross K , Ryan E , Settipalli S , Shea T , Sherpa N , Shi L , Shih D , Sparrow T , Spaulding J , Stalker J , Stange-Thomann N , Stavropoulos S , Stone C , Strader C , Tesfaye S , Thomson T , Thoulutsang Y , Thoulutsang D , Topham K , Topping I , Tsamla T , Vassiliev H , Vo A , Wangchuk T , Wangdi T , Weiand M , Wilkinson J , Wilson A , Yadav S , Young G , Yu Q , Zembek L , Zhong D , Zimmer A , Zwirko Z , Alvarez P , Brockman W , Butler J , Chin C , Grabherr M , Kleber M , Mauceli E , MacCallum I (- 405) Ref: Nature, 450 :203, 2007 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Clark_2007_Nature_450_203 PubMedSearch: Clark 2007 Nature 450 203 PubMedID: 17994087 Gene_locus related to this paper: droan-ACHE ,
droan-b3lx10 ,
droan-b3lx75 ,
droan-b3lxv7 ,
droan-b3ly87 ,
droan-b3lyh4 ,
droan-b3lyh5 ,
droan-b3lyh7 ,
droan-b3lyh9 ,
droan-b3lyi0 ,
droan-b3lyi2 ,
droan-b3lyi3 ,
droan-b3lyi4 ,
droan-b3lyj8 ,
droan-b3lyj9 ,
droan-b3lyx4 ,
droan-b3lyx5 ,
droan-b3lyx6 ,
droan-b3lyx7 ,
droan-b3lyx9 ,
droan-b3lz72 ,
droan-b3m1x3 ,
droan-b3m2d4 ,
droan-b3m3d9 ,
droan-b3m4e3 ,
droan-b3m5w1 ,
droan-b3m6i7 ,
droan-b3m7v2 ,
droan-b3m9a5 ,
droan-b3m9f4 ,
droan-b3m9p3 ,
droan-b3m254 ,
droan-b3m259 ,
droan-b3m260 ,
droan-b3m262 ,
droan-b3m524 ,
droan-b3m635 ,
droan-b3m845 ,
droan-b3m846 ,
droan-b3md01 ,
droan-b3mdh7 ,
droan-b3mdm6 ,
droan-b3mdw8 ,
droan-b3mee1 ,
droan-b3mf47 ,
droan-b3mf48 ,
droan-b3mg94 ,
droan-b3mgk2 ,
droan-b3mgn6 ,
droan-b3mii3 ,
droan-b3mjk2 ,
droan-b3mjk3 ,
droan-b3mjk4 ,
droan-b3mjk5 ,
droan-b3mjl2 ,
droan-b3mjl4 ,
droan-b3mjl7 ,
droan-b3mjl9 ,
droan-b3mjm8 ,
droan-b3mjm9 ,
droan-b3mjs6 ,
droan-b3mkr0 ,
droan-b3ml20 ,
droan-b3mly4 ,
droan-b3mly5 ,
droan-b3mly6 ,
droan-b3mmm8 ,
droan-b3mnb5 ,
droan-b3mny9 ,
droan-b3mtj5 ,
droan-b3muw4 ,
droan-b3muw8 ,
droan-b3n0e7 ,
droan-b3n2j7 ,
droan-b3n247 ,
droan-c5idb2 ,
droer-ACHE ,
droer-b3n5c7 ,
droer-b3n5d0 ,
droer-b3n5d8 ,
droer-b3n5d9 ,
droer-b3n5t7 ,
droer-b3n5y4 ,
droer-b3n7d2 ,
droer-b3n7d3 ,
droer-b3n7d4 ,
droer-b3n7k8 ,
droer-b3n8e4 ,
droer-b3n8f7 ,
droer-b3n8f8 ,
droer-b3n9e1 ,
droer-b3n319 ,
droer-b3n547 ,
droer-b3n549 ,
droer-b3n558 ,
droer-b3n560 ,
droer-b3n577 ,
droer-b3n612 ,
droer-b3nar5 ,
droer-b3nb91 ,
droer-b3nct9 ,
droer-b3nd53 ,
droer-b3ndh9 ,
droer-b3ndq8 ,
droer-b3ne66 ,
droer-b3ne67 ,
droer-b3ne97 ,
droer-b3nfk3 ,
droer-b3nfq9 ,
droer-b3nim7 ,
droer-b3nkn2 ,
droer-b3nm11 ,
droer-b3nmh4 ,
droer-b3nmy2 ,
droer-b3npx2 ,
droer-b3npx3 ,
droer-b3nq76 ,
droer-b3nqg9 ,
droer-b3nqm8 ,
droer-b3nr28 ,
droer-b3nrd3 ,
droer-b3nst4 ,
droer-b3nwa7 ,
droer-b3nyp5.1 ,
droer-b3nyp5.2 ,
droer-b3nyp6 ,
droer-b3nyp7 ,
droer-b3nyp8 ,
droer-b3nyp9 ,
droer-b3nyq3 ,
droer-b3nz06 ,
droer-b3nz14 ,
droer-b3nzj0 ,
droer-b3p0c0 ,
droer-b3p0c1 ,
droer-b3p0c2 ,
droer-b3p2x6 ,
droer-b3p2x7 ,
droer-b3p2x9 ,
droer-b3p2y1 ,
droer-b3p2y2 ,
droer-b3p6d4 ,
droer-b3p6d5 ,
droer-b3p6w3 ,
droer-b3p7b4 ,
droer-b3p7h9 ,
droer-b3p152 ,
droer-b3p486 ,
droer-b3p487 ,
droer-b3p488 ,
droer-b3p489 ,
droer-EST6 ,
droer-q670j5 ,
drogr-ACHE ,
drogr-b4iwp3 ,
drogr-b4iww3 ,
drogr-b4iwy3 ,
drogr-b4ixf7 ,
drogr-b4ixh4 ,
drogr-b4iyz5 ,
drogr-b4j2s2 ,
drogr-b4j2u8 ,
drogr-b4j3u1 ,
drogr-b4j3v3 ,
drogr-b4j4g7 ,
drogr-b4j4x9 ,
drogr-b4j6e6 ,
drogr-b4j9c9 ,
drogr-b4j9y4 ,
drogr-b4j156 ,
drogr-b4j384 ,
drogr-b4j605 ,
drogr-b4j685 ,
drogr-b4ja76 ,
drogr-b4jay5 ,
drogr-b4jcf0 ,
drogr-b4jcf1 ,
drogr-b4jdg6 ,
drogr-b4jdg7 ,
drogr-b4jdh6 ,
drogr-b4jdz1 ,
drogr-b4jdz2 ,
drogr-b4jdz4 ,
drogr-b4je66 ,
drogr-b4je79 ,
drogr-b4je82 ,
drogr-b4je88 ,
drogr-b4je89 ,
drogr-b4je90 ,
drogr-b4je91 ,
drogr-b4jf76 ,
drogr-b4jf79 ,
drogr-b4jf80 ,
drogr-b4jf81 ,
drogr-b4jf82 ,
drogr-b4jf83 ,
drogr-b4jf84 ,
drogr-b4jf85 ,
drogr-b4jf87 ,
drogr-b4jf91 ,
drogr-b4jf92 ,
drogr-b4jg66 ,
drogr-b4jgh0 ,
drogr-b4jgh1 ,
drogr-b4jgr9 ,
drogr-b4ji67 ,
drogr-b4jls2 ,
drogr-b4jnh9 ,
drogr-b4jpc6 ,
drogr-b4jpq3 ,
drogr-b4jpx9 ,
drogr-b4jql2 ,
drogr-b4jrh5 ,
drogr-b4jsb2 ,
drogr-b4jth3 ,
drogr-b4jti1 ,
drogr-b4jul5 ,
drogr-b4jur4 ,
drogr-b4jvh3 ,
drogr-b4jz00 ,
drogr-b4jz03 ,
drogr-b4jz04 ,
drogr-b4jz05 ,
drogr-b4jzh2 ,
drogr-b4k0u2 ,
drogr-b4k2r1 ,
drogr-b4k234 ,
drogr-b4k235 ,
drome-BEM46 ,
drome-CG3734 ,
drome-CG9953 ,
drome-CG11626 ,
drome-GH02439 ,
dromo-ACHE ,
dromo-b4k6a7 ,
dromo-b4k6a8 ,
dromo-b4k6q8 ,
dromo-b4k6q9 ,
dromo-b4k6r1 ,
dromo-b4k6r3 ,
dromo-b4k6r4 ,
dromo-b4k6r5 ,
dromo-b4k6r6 ,
dromo-b4k6r7 ,
dromo-b4k6r8 ,
dromo-b4k6r9 ,
dromo-b4k6s0 ,
dromo-b4k6s1 ,
dromo-b4k6s2 ,
dromo-b4k9c7 ,
dromo-b4k9d3 ,
dromo-b4k571 ,
dromo-b4k721 ,
dromo-b4ka74 ,
dromo-b4ka89 ,
dromo-b4kaj4 ,
dromo-b4kc20 ,
dromo-b4kcl2 ,
dromo-b4kcl3 ,
dromo-b4kd55.1 ,
dromo-b4kd55.2 ,
dromo-b4kd56 ,
dromo-b4kd57 ,
dromo-b4kde1 ,
dromo-b4kdg2 ,
dromo-b4kdh4 ,
dromo-b4kdh5 ,
dromo-b4kdh6 ,
dromo-A0A0Q9XDF2 ,
dromo-b4kdh8.1 ,
dromo-b4kdh8.2 ,
dromo-b4kg04 ,
dromo-b4kg05 ,
dromo-b4kg06 ,
dromo-b4kg16 ,
dromo-b4kg44 ,
dromo-b4kg90 ,
dromo-b4kh20 ,
dromo-b4kh21 ,
dromo-b4kht7 ,
dromo-b4kid3 ,
dromo-b4kik0 ,
dromo-b4kjx0 ,
dromo-b4kki1 ,
dromo-b4kkp6 ,
dromo-b4kkp8 ,
dromo-b4kkq8 ,
dromo-b4kkr0 ,
dromo-b4kkr3 ,
dromo-b4kkr4 ,
dromo-b4kks0 ,
dromo-b4kks1 ,
dromo-b4kks2 ,
dromo-b4kla1 ,
dromo-b4klv8 ,
dromo-b4knt4 ,
dromo-b4kp08 ,
dromo-b4kp16 ,
dromo-b4kqa6 ,
dromo-b4kqa7 ,
dromo-b4kqa8 ,
dromo-b4kqh1 ,
dromo-b4kst4 ,
dromo-b4ksy6 ,
dromo-b4kt84 ,
dromo-b4ktf5 ,
dromo-b4ktf6 ,
dromo-b4kvl3 ,
dromo-b4kvw2 ,
dromo-b4kwv4 ,
dromo-b4kwv5 ,
dromo-b4kxz6 ,
dromo-b4ky12 ,
dromo-b4ky36 ,
dromo-b4ky44 ,
dromo-b4kzu7 ,
dromo-b4l0n8 ,
dromo-b4l4u5 ,
dromo-b4l6l9 ,
dromo-b4l084 ,
drope-ACHE ,
drope-b4g3s6 ,
drope-b4g4p7 ,
drope-b4g6v4 ,
drope-b4g8m0 ,
drope-b4g8n6 ,
drope-b4g8n7 ,
drope-b4g9p2 ,
drope-b4g815 ,
drope-b4g816 ,
drope-b4gat7 ,
drope-b4gav5 ,
drope-b4gb05 ,
drope-b4gc08 ,
drope-b4gcr3 ,
drope-b4gdk2 ,
drope-b4gdl9 ,
drope-b4gdv9 ,
drope-b4gei8 ,
drope-b4gei9 ,
drope-b4gej0 ,
drope-b4ghz9 ,
drope-b4gj62 ,
drope-b4gj64 ,
drope-b4gj74 ,
drope-b4gkf4 ,
drope-b4gkv2 ,
drope-b4gky9 ,
drope-b4gl76 ,
drope-b4glf3 ,
drope-b4gmt3 ,
drope-b4gmt7 ,
drope-b4gmt9 ,
drope-b4gmu2 ,
drope-b4gmu3 ,
drope-b4gmu4 ,
drope-b4gmu5 ,
drope-b4gmu6 ,
drope-b4gmu7 ,
drope-b4gmv1 ,
drope-b4gn08 ,
drope-b4gpa7 ,
drope-b4gq13 ,
drope-b4grh7 ,
drope-b4gsf9 ,
drope-b4gsw4 ,
drope-b4gsw5 ,
drope-b4gsx2 ,
drope-b4gsx7 ,
drope-b4gsy6 ,
drope-b4gsy7 ,
drope-b4guj8 ,
drope-b4gw36 ,
drope-b4gzc2 ,
drope-b4gzc6 ,
drope-b4gzc7 ,
drope-b4h4p9 ,
drope-b4h5l3 ,
drope-b4h6a0 ,
drope-b4h6a8 ,
drope-b4h6a9 ,
drope-b4h6b0 ,
drope-b4h7m7 ,
drope-b4h462 ,
drope-b4h601 ,
drope-b4h602 ,
drope-b4hay1 ,
drope-b4hb18 ,
drope-est5a ,
drope-est5b ,
drope-est5c ,
drops-ACHE ,
drops-b5dhd2 ,
drops-b5dk96 ,
drops-b5dpe3 ,
drops-b5drp9 ,
drops-b5dwa7 ,
drops-b5dwa8 ,
drops-b5dz85 ,
drops-b5dz86 ,
drops-est5a ,
drops-est5b ,
drops-q29bq2 ,
drops-q29dd7 ,
drops-q29ew0 ,
drops-q291d5 ,
drops-q291e8 ,
drops-q293n1 ,
drops-q293n4 ,
drops-q293n5 ,
drops-q293n6 ,
drops-q294n6 ,
drops-q294n7 ,
drops-q294n9 ,
drops-q294p4 ,
drose-b4he97 ,
drose-b4hfu2 ,
drose-b4hg54 ,
drose-b4hga0 ,
drose-b4hgu9 ,
drose-b4hgv0 ,
drose-b4hgv3 ,
drose-b4hgv4 ,
drose-b4hhm8 ,
drose-b4hhs6 ,
drose-b4hie4 ,
drose-b4him9 ,
drose-b4hk63 ,
drose-b4hkj5 ,
drose-b4hr07 ,
drose-b4hr81 ,
drose-b4hre7 ,
drose-b4hs13 ,
drose-b4hsj9 ,
drose-b4hsk0 ,
drose-b4hsm8 ,
drose-b4hvr5 ,
drose-b4hwr7 ,
drose-b4hwr8 ,
drose-b4hwr9 ,
drose-b4hws6 ,
drose-b4hws7 ,
drose-b4hwt0 ,
drose-b4hwt2 ,
drose-b4hwu1 ,
drose-b4hwu2 ,
drose-b4hxs9 ,
drose-b4hxu4 ,
drose-b4hxz1 ,
drose-b4hyp8 ,
drose-b4hyp9 ,
drose-b4hyq0 ,
drose-b4hyz4 ,
drose-b4hyz5 ,
drose-b4i1k8 ,
drose-b4i2f3 ,
drose-b4i2w5 ,
drose-b4i4u3 ,
drose-b4i4u7 ,
drose-b4i4u9 ,
drose-b4i4v0 ,
drose-b4i4v1 ,
drose-b4i4v4 ,
drose-b4i4v5 ,
drose-b4i4v6 ,
drose-b4i4v7 ,
drose-b4i4v8 ,
drose-b4i4w0 ,
drose-b4i7s6 ,
drose-b4i133 ,
drose-b4i857 ,
drose-b4iam7 ,
drose-b4iam9 ,
drose-b4iaq6 ,
drose-b4icf6 ,
drose-b4icf7 ,
drose-b4id80 ,
drose-b4ifc5 ,
drose-b4ihv9 ,
drose-b4iie9 ,
drose-b4ilj8 ,
drose-b4in13 ,
drose-b4inj9 ,
drosi-ACHE ,
drosi-aes04a ,
drosi-b4nsh8 ,
drosi-b4q3d7 ,
drosi-b4q4w5 ,
drosi-b4q4y7 ,
drosi-b4q6h6 ,
drosi-b4q7u2 ,
drosi-b4q7u3 ,
drosi-b4q9c6 ,
drosi-b4q9c7 ,
drosi-b4q9d3 ,
drosi-b4q9d4 ,
drosi-b4q9r0 ,
drosi-b4q9r1 ,
drosi-b4q9r3 ,
drosi-b4q9s2 ,
drosi-b4q9s3 ,
drosi-b4q429 ,
drosi-b4q530 ,
drosi-b4q734 ,
drosi-b4q782 ,
drosi-b4q783 ,
drosi-b4q942 ,
drosi-b4qet1 ,
drosi-b4qfv6 ,
drosi-b4qge5 ,
drosi-b4qgh5 ,
drosi-b4qgs5 ,
drosi-b4qhf3 ,
drosi-b4qhf4 ,
drosi-b4qhi5 ,
drosi-b4qjr2 ,
drosi-b4qjr3 ,
drosi-b4qjv6 ,
drosi-b4qk23 ,
drosi-b4qk51 ,
drosi-b4qlt1 ,
drosi-b4qlz9 ,
drosi-b4qmn9 ,
drosi-b4qrq7 ,
drosi-b4qs01 ,
drosi-b4qs57 ,
drosi-b4qs82 ,
drosi-b4qs83 ,
drosi-b4qs84 ,
drosi-b4qs85 ,
drosi-b4qs86 ,
drosi-b4qsq1 ,
drosi-b4quk6 ,
drosi-b4qvg5 ,
drosi-b4qvg6 ,
drosi-b4qzn2 ,
drosi-b4qzn3 ,
drosi-b4qzn5 ,
drosi-b4qzn7 ,
drosi-b4qzn8 ,
drosi-b4qzp2 ,
drosi-b4qzp3 ,
drosi-b4qzp4 ,
drosi-b4qzp5 ,
drosi-b4qzp6 ,
drosi-b4qzp7 ,
drosi-b4r1a4 ,
drosi-b4r025 ,
drosi-b4r207 ,
drosi-b4r662 ,
drosi-este6 ,
drosi-q670k8 ,
drovi-ACHE ,
drovi-b4lev2 ,
drovi-b4lf33 ,
drovi-b4lf51 ,
drovi-b4lg54 ,
drovi-b4lg72 ,
drovi-b4lgc6 ,
drovi-b4lgd5 ,
drovi-b4lgg0 ,
drovi-b4lgk5 ,
drovi-b4lgn2 ,
drovi-b4lh17 ,
drovi-b4lh18 ,
drovi-b4lk43 ,
drovi-b4ll59 ,
drovi-b4ll60 ,
drovi-b4llm5 ,
drovi-b4lln3 ,
drovi-b4lmk4 ,
drovi-b4lmp0 ,
drovi-b4lnr4 ,
drovi-b4lp47 ,
drovi-b4lpd0 ,
drovi-b4lps0 ,
drovi-b4lqc6 ,
drovi-b4lr00 ,
drovi-b4lrp6 ,
drovi-b4lrw2 ,
drovi-b4lse7 ,
drovi-b4lse9 ,
drovi-b4lsf0 ,
drovi-b4lsn0 ,
drovi-b4lsq5 ,
drovi-b4lt32 ,
drovi-b4ltr1 ,
drovi-b4lui7 ,
drovi-b4lui9 ,
drovi-b4luj8 ,
drovi-b4luk0 ,
drovi-b4luk3 ,
drovi-b4luk8 ,
drovi-b4luk9 ,
drovi-b4lul0 ,
drovi-b4lve2 ,
drovi-b4lxi9 ,
drovi-b4lxj8 ,
drovi-b4lyf3 ,
drovi-b4lyq2 ,
drovi-b4lyq3 ,
drovi-b4lz07 ,
drovi-b4lz13 ,
drovi-b4lz14 ,
drovi-b4lz15 ,
drovi-b4m0j7 ,
drovi-b4m0s0 ,
drovi-b4m2b6 ,
drovi-b4m4h7 ,
drovi-b4m4h8 ,
drovi-b4m4i0 ,
drovi-b4m4i2 ,
drovi-b4m4i3.A ,
drovi-b4m4i3.B ,
drovi-b4m4i4 ,
drovi-b4m4i5 ,
drovi-b4m4i6 ,
drovi-b4m4i7 ,
drovi-b4m4i8 ,
drovi-b4m4i9 ,
drovi-b4m4j2 ,
drovi-b4m5a0 ,
drovi-b4m5a1 ,
drovi-b4m5a2 ,
drovi-b4m6b9 ,
drovi-b4m7k9 ,
drovi-b4m9g9 ,
drovi-b4m9h0 ,
drovi-b4m564 ,
drovi-b4m599 ,
drovi-b4m918 ,
drovi-b4mb87 ,
drovi-b4mc71 ,
drovi-b4mfa4 ,
drowi-ACHE ,
drowi-b4mjb9 ,
drowi-b4mkt7 ,
drowi-b4mlc1 ,
drowi-b4mp68 ,
drowi-b4mqe9 ,
drowi-b4mqf0.2 ,
drowi-b4mqf1 ,
drowi-b4mqf3 ,
drowi-b4mqf4 ,
drowi-b4mqf5 ,
drowi-b4mqq6 ,
drowi-b4mrd1 ,
drowi-b4mrk3 ,
drowi-b4mtl5 ,
drowi-b4mug2 ,
drowi-b4muj8 ,
drowi-b4mv18 ,
drowi-b4mw32 ,
drowi-b4mw85 ,
drowi-b4mwp2 ,
drowi-b4mwp6 ,
drowi-b4mwq5 ,
drowi-b4mwr0 ,
drowi-b4mwr8 ,
drowi-b4mwr9 ,
drowi-b4mwt1 ,
drowi-b4mwz7 ,
drowi-b4mxn5 ,
drowi-b4my54 ,
drowi-b4myg1 ,
drowi-b4myh5 ,
drowi-b4n0d4 ,
drowi-b4n1a7 ,
drowi-b4n1c8 ,
drowi-b4n3s9 ,
drowi-b4n3x7 ,
drowi-b4n4x9 ,
drowi-b4n4y0 ,
drowi-b4n6m1 ,
drowi-b4n6n0 ,
drowi-b4n6n7 ,
drowi-b4n6u6 ,
drowi-b4n7s6 ,
drowi-b4n7s7 ,
drowi-b4n7s8 ,
drowi-b4n899.1 ,
drowi-b4n8a1 ,
drowi-b4n8a2 ,
drowi-b4n8a3 ,
drowi-b4n8a4 ,
drowi-b4n8a9 ,
drowi-b4n023 ,
drowi-b4n075 ,
drowi-b4n543 ,
drowi-b4n888 ,
drowi-b4n889 ,
drowi-b4n891 ,
drowi-b4n893 ,
drowi-b4n895 ,
drowi-b4n897 ,
drowi-b4n898 ,
drowi-b4n899.2 ,
drowi-b4nae3 ,
drowi-b4ner8 ,
drowi-b4ng76 ,
drowi-b4nga7 ,
drowi-b4ngb5 ,
drowi-b4nhz9 ,
drowi-b4nj18 ,
drowi-b4nj19 ,
drowi-b4nja7 ,
drowi-b4nja8 ,
drowi-b4nja9 ,
drowi-b4njk8 ,
drowi-b4nkc8 ,
drowi-b4nky0 ,
drowi-b4nl36 ,
drowi-b4nm27 ,
drowi-b4nn59 ,
drowi-b4nnc1 ,
drowi-b4nng1 ,
drowi-b4nng2 ,
droya-ACHE ,
droya-aes04 ,
droya-b4itg2 ,
droya-b4itg6 ,
droya-b4itu9 ,
droya-b4iuv4 ,
droya-b4iuv5 ,
droya-b4nxe6 ,
droya-b4nxg5 ,
droya-b4nxg6 ,
droya-b4nxg8 ,
droya-b4nxw4 ,
droya-b4ny57 ,
droya-b4ny58 ,
droya-b4ny86 ,
droya-b4nzz8 ,
droya-b4p0b5 ,
droya-b4p0q9 ,
droya-b4p0r0 ,
droya-b4p0r7 ,
droya-b4p0r8 ,
droya-b4p0r9 ,
droya-b4p0s0 ,
droya-b4p0s2 ,
droya-b4p0t0 ,
droya-b4p0t1 ,
droya-b4p3h4 ,
droya-b4p3x8 ,
droya-b4p5g8 ,
droya-b4p6c9 ,
droya-b4p6l9 ,
droya-b4p6r1 ,
droya-b4p6r2 ,
droya-b4p7u4 ,
droya-b4p8w7 ,
droya-b4p023 ,
droya-b4p241 ,
droya-b4p774 ,
droya-b4pat9 ,
droya-b4pbl1 ,
droya-b4pd22 ,
droya-b4pd70 ,
droya-b4pdm8 ,
droya-b4pet9 ,
droya-b4pff9 ,
droya-b4pga7 ,
droya-b4pgu0 ,
droya-b4pig3 ,
droya-b4pjt8 ,
droya-b4pka2 ,
droya-b4plh2 ,
droya-b4pma3 ,
droya-b4pmv3 ,
droya-b4pmv4 ,
droya-b4pmv5 ,
droya-b4pn92 ,
droya-b4pp65 ,
droya-b4ppc5 ,
droya-b4ppc6 ,
droya-b4ppc7 ,
droya-b4ppc8 ,
droya-b4pq03 ,
droya-b4prg6B ,
droya-b4prg9 ,
droya-b4prh3 ,
droya-b4prh4 ,
droya-b4prh6 ,
droya-b4prh7 ,
droya-b4psz8 ,
droya-b4psz9 ,
droya-b4pv22 ,
droya-b4q0g5 ,
droya-b4q246 ,
droya-EST6 ,
droya-q71d76 ,
drowi-b4n7m9 ,
drope-b4gkk1 ,
droer-b3n5s3 ,
drose-b4i1w5 ,
drowi-a0a0q9x0t3 ,
drogr-b4jvm7 ,
dromo-b4ku70 ,
drovi-b4mcn9 ,
drovi-b4lty2 ,
drogr-b4jdu1 ,
drovi-a0a0q9wiq8 ,
dromo-b4kf70 ,
drosi-b2zi86 ,
droya-b4p2y4 ,
drose-b2zic5 ,
droer-b3n895 Abstract
Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
Title: The genome of the basidiomycetous yeast and human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformansLoftus BJ , Fung E , Roncaglia P , Rowley D , Amedeo P , Bruno D , Vamathevan J , Miranda M , Anderson IJ and Hyman RW <44 more author(s)> Loftus BJ , Fung E , Roncaglia P , Rowley D , Amedeo P , Bruno D , Vamathevan J , Miranda M , Anderson IJ , Fraser JA , Allen JE , Bosdet IE , Brent MR , Chiu R , Doering TL , Donlin MJ , D'Souza CA , Fox DS , Grinberg V , Fu J , Fukushima M , Haas BJ , Huang JC , Janbon G , Jones SJ , Koo HL , Krzywinski MI , Kwon-Chung JK , Lengeler KB , Maiti R , Marra MA , Marra RE , Mathewson CA , Mitchell TG , Pertea M , Riggs FR , Salzberg SL , Schein JE , Shvartsbeyn A , Shin H , Shumway M , Specht CA , Suh BB , Tenney A , Utterback TR , Wickes BL , Wortman JR , Wye NH , Kronstad JW , Lodge JK , Heitman J , Davis RW , Fraser CM , Hyman RW (- 44) Ref: Science, 307 :1321, 2005 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Loftus_2005_Science_307_1321 PubMedSearch: Loftus 2005 Science 307 1321 PubMedID: 15653466 Gene_locus related to this paper: cryne-apth1 ,
cryne-ppme1 ,
cryne-q5k7g1 ,
cryne-q5k7h2 ,
cryne-q5k7p6 ,
cryne-q5k8p2 ,
cryne-q5k8s0 ,
cryne-q5k9e7 ,
cryne-q5k9p3 ,
cryne-q5k9y9 ,
cryne-q5k721 ,
cryne-q5k987 ,
cryne-q5ka03 ,
cryne-q5ka24 ,
cryne-q5ka58 ,
cryne-q5kat4 ,
cryne-q5kav3 ,
cryne-q5kbu4 ,
cryne-q5kbw4 ,
cryne-q5kc00 ,
cryne-q5kec5 ,
cryne-q5kei3 ,
cryne-q5kei7 ,
cryne-q5ker2 ,
cryne-q5key5 ,
cryne-q5kf48 ,
cryne-q5kfk6 ,
cryne-q5kfz0 ,
cryne-q5kgq3 ,
cryne-q5kh37 ,
cryne-q5khb0 ,
cryne-q5khb9 ,
cryne-q5kip7 ,
cryne-q5kiu5 ,
cryne-q5kj56 ,
cryne-q5kjf8 ,
cryne-q5kjh3 ,
cryne-q5kjp9 ,
cryne-q5kjw7 ,
cryne-q5kky1 ,
cryne-q5kkz7 ,
cryne-q5kl13 ,
cryne-q5klu9 ,
cryne-q5km63 ,
cryne-q5kme9 ,
cryne-q5kni1 ,
cryne-q5knq0 ,
cryne-q5knr2 ,
cryne-q5knw0 ,
cryne-q5kq08 ,
cryne-Q5KCH9 ,
cryne-q55ta1 ,
cryne-q5kjh4 ,
crynj-q5knp8 ,
crynj-q5kpe0 Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast ubiquitous in the environment, a model for fungal pathogenesis, and an opportunistic human pathogen of global importance. We have sequenced its approximately 20-megabase genome, which contains approximately 6500 intron-rich gene structures and encodes a transcriptome abundant in alternatively spliced and antisense messages. The genome is rich in transposons, many of which cluster at candidate centromeric regions. The presence of these transposons may drive karyotype instability and phenotypic variation. C. neoformans encodes unique genes that may contribute to its unusual virulence properties, and comparison of two phenotypically distinct strains reveals variation in gene content in addition to sequence polymorphisms between the genomes.
Title: Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolutionHillier LW , Miller W , Birney E , Warren W , Hardison RC , Ponting CP , Bork P , Burt DW , Groenen MA and Wilson RK <164 more author(s)> Hillier LW , Miller W , Birney E , Warren W , Hardison RC , Ponting CP , Bork P , Burt DW , Groenen MA , Delany ME , Dodgson JB , Chinwalla AT , Cliften PF , Clifton SW , Delehaunty KD , Fronick C , Fulton RS , Graves TA , Kremitzki C , Layman D , Magrini V , McPherson JD , Miner TL , Minx P , Nash WE , Nhan MN , Nelson JO , Oddy LG , Pohl CS , Randall-Maher J , Smith SM , Wallis JW , Yang SP , Romanov MN , Rondelli CM , Paton B , Smith J , Morrice D , Daniels L , Tempest HG , Robertson L , Masabanda JS , Griffin DK , Vignal A , Fillon V , Jacobbson L , Kerje S , Andersson L , Crooijmans RP , Aerts J , van der Poel JJ , Ellegren H , Caldwell RB , Hubbard SJ , Grafham DV , Kierzek AM , McLaren SR , Overton IM , Arakawa H , Beattie KJ , Bezzubov Y , Boardman PE , Bonfield JK , Croning MD , Davies RM , Francis MD , Humphray SJ , Scott CE , Taylor RG , Tickle C , Brown WR , Rogers J , Buerstedde JM , Wilson SA , Stubbs L , Ovcharenko I , Gordon L , Lucas S , Miller MM , Inoko H , Shiina T , Kaufman J , Salomonsen J , Skjoedt K , Ka-Shu Wong G , Wang J , Liu B , Yu J , Yang H , Nefedov M , Koriabine M , deJong PJ , Goodstadt L , Webber C , Dickens NJ , Letunic I , Suyama M , Torrents D , von Mering C , Zdobnov EM , Makova K , Nekrutenko A , Elnitski L , Eswara P , King DC , Yang S , Tyekucheva S , Radakrishnan A , Harris RS , Chiaromonte F , Taylor J , He J , Rijnkels M , Griffiths-Jones S , Ureta-Vidal A , Hoffman MM , Severin J , Searle SM , Law AS , Speed D , Waddington D , Cheng Z , Tuzun E , Eichler E , Bao Z , Flicek P , Shteynberg DD , Brent MR , Bye JM , Huckle EJ , Chatterji S , Dewey C , Pachter L , Kouranov A , Mourelatos Z , Hatzigeorgiou AG , Paterson AH , Ivarie R , Brandstrom M , Axelsson E , Backstrom N , Berlin S , Webster MT , Pourquie O , Reymond A , Ucla C , Antonarakis SE , Long M , Emerson JJ , Betran E , Dupanloup I , Kaessmann H , Hinrichs AS , Bejerano G , Furey TS , Harte RA , Raney B , Siepel A , Kent WJ , Haussler D , Eyras E , Castelo R , Abril JF , Castellano S , Camara F , Parra G , Guigo R , Bourque G , Tesler G , Pevzner PA , Smit A , Fulton LA , Mardis ER , Wilson RK (- 164) Ref: Nature, 432 :695, 2004 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Hillier_2004_Nature_432_695 PubMedSearch: Hillier 2004 Nature 432 695 PubMedID: 15592404 Gene_locus related to this paper: chick-a0a1d5pmd9 ,
chick-b3tzb3 ,
chick-BCHE ,
chick-cb043 ,
chick-d3wgl5 ,
chick-e1bsm0 ,
chick-e1bvq6 ,
chick-e1bwz0 ,
chick-e1bwz1 ,
chick-e1byn1 ,
chick-e1bz81 ,
chick-e1c0z8 ,
chick-e1c7p7 ,
chick-f1nby4 ,
chick-f1ncz8 ,
chick-f1ndp3 ,
chick-f1nep4 ,
chick-f1nj68 ,
chick-f1njg6 ,
chick-f1njk4 ,
chick-f1njs4 ,
chick-f1njs5 ,
chick-f1nk87 ,
chick-f1nmx9 ,
chick-f1ntp8 ,
chick-f1nvg7 ,
chick-f1nwf2 ,
chick-f1p1l1 ,
chick-f1p3j5 ,
chick-f1p4c6 ,
chick-f1p508 ,
chick-fas ,
chick-h9l0k6 ,
chick-nlgn1 ,
chick-NLGN3 ,
chick-q5f3h8 ,
chick-q5zhm0 ,
chick-q5zi81 ,
chick-q5zij5 ,
chick-q5zin0 ,
chick-thyro ,
chick-f1nrq2 ,
chick-e1byd4 ,
chick-e1c2h6 ,
chick-a0a1d5pk92 ,
chick-a0a1d5pzg7 ,
chick-f1nbc2 ,
chick-f1nf25 ,
chick-f1nly5 ,
chick-f1p4h5 ,
chick-f1nzi7 ,
chick-f1p5k3 ,
chick-f1nm35 ,
chick-a0a1d5pl11 ,
chick-a0a1d5pj73 ,
chick-f1nxu6 ,
chick-a0a1d5nwc0 ,
chick-e1bxs8 ,
chick-f1p2g7 ,
chick-f1nd96 Abstract
We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7Hillier LW , Fulton RS , Fulton LA , Graves TA , Pepin KH , Wagner-McPherson C , Layman D , Maas J , Jaeger S and Wilson RK <97 more author(s)> Hillier LW , Fulton RS , Fulton LA , Graves TA , Pepin KH , Wagner-McPherson C , Layman D , Maas J , Jaeger S , Walker R , Wylie K , Sekhon M , Becker MC , O'Laughlin MD , Schaller ME , Fewell GA , Delehaunty KD , Miner TL , Nash WE , Cordes M , Du H , Sun H , Edwards J , Bradshaw-Cordum H , Ali J , Andrews S , Isak A , Vanbrunt A , Nguyen C , Du F , Lamar B , Courtney L , Kalicki J , Ozersky P , Bielicki L , Scott K , Holmes A , Harkins R , Harris A , Strong CM , Hou S , Tomlinson C , Dauphin-Kohlberg S , Kozlowicz-Reilly A , Leonard S , Rohlfing T , Rock SM , Tin-Wollam AM , Abbott A , Minx P , Maupin R , Strowmatt C , Latreille P , Miller N , Johnson D , Murray J , Woessner JP , Wendl MC , Yang SP , Schultz BR , Wallis JW , Spieth J , Bieri TA , Nelson JO , Berkowicz N , Wohldmann PE , Cook LL , Hickenbotham MT , Eldred J , Williams D , Bedell JA , Mardis ER , Clifton SW , Chissoe SL , Marra MA , Raymond C , Haugen E , Gillett W , Zhou Y , James R , Phelps K , Iadanoto S , Bubb K , Simms E , Levy R , Clendenning J , Kaul R , Kent WJ , Furey TS , Baertsch RA , Brent MR , Keibler E , Flicek P , Bork P , Suyama M , Bailey JA , Portnoy ME , Torrents D , Chinwalla AT , Gish WR , Eddy SR , McPherson JD , Olson MV , Eichler EE , Green ED , Waterston RH , Wilson RK (- 97) Ref: Nature, 424 :157, 2003 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Hillier_2003_Nature_424_157 PubMedSearch: Hillier 2003 Nature 424 157 PubMedID: 12853948 Gene_locus related to this paper: human-ABHD11 ,
human-ACHE ,
human-CPVL ,
human-DPP6 ,
human-MEST Abstract
Human chromosome 7 has historically received prominent attention in the human genetics community, primarily related to the search for the cystic fibrosis gene and the frequent cytogenetic changes associated with various forms of cancer. Here we present more than 153 million base pairs representing 99.4% of the euchromatic sequence of chromosome 7, the first metacentric chromosome completed so far. The sequence has excellent concordance with previously established physical and genetic maps, and it exhibits an unusual amount of segmentally duplicated sequence (8.2%), with marked differences between the two arms. Our initial analyses have identified 1,150 protein-coding genes, 605 of which have been confirmed by complementary DNA sequences, and an additional 941 pseudogenes. Of genes confirmed by transcript sequences, some are polymorphic for mutations that disrupt the reading frame.
Title: The genome sequence of Caenorhabditis briggsae: a platform for comparative genomicsStein LD , Bao Z , Blasiar D , Blumenthal T , Brent MR , Chen N , Chinwalla A , Clarke L , Clee C and Waterston RH <26 more author(s)> Stein LD , Bao Z , Blasiar D , Blumenthal T , Brent MR , Chen N , Chinwalla A , Clarke L , Clee C , Coghlan A , Coulson A , D'Eustachio P , Fitch DH , Fulton LA , Fulton RE , Griffiths-Jones S , Harris TW , Hillier LW , Kamath R , Kuwabara PE , Mardis ER , Marra MA , Miner TL , Minx P , Mullikin JC , Plumb RW , Rogers J , Schein JE , Sohrmann M , Spieth J , Stajich JE , Wei C , Willey D , Wilson RK , Durbin R , Waterston RH (- 26) Ref: PLoS Biol, 1 :E45, 2003 : PubMed Abstract ESTHER: Stein_2003_PLoS.Biol_1_E45 PubMedSearch: Stein 2003 PLoS.Biol 1 E45 PubMedID: 14624247 Gene_locus related to this paper: caebr-a8wl70 ,
caebr-a8wm66 ,
caebr-a8wny7 ,
caebr-a8wpj6 ,
caebr-a8wpy7.1 ,
caebr-a8wq91 ,
caebr-a8wr10 ,
caebr-A8WSQ5 ,
caebr-a8wta1 ,
caebr-A8WTU9 ,
caebr-a8wux6 ,
caebr-A8WX49 ,
caebr-a8wxx0 ,
caebr-a8wyd4 ,
caebr-a8wye8 ,
caebr-a8wz10 ,
caebr-a8wz31.1 ,
caebr-a8wz31.2 ,
caebr-a8wz31.4 ,
caebr-a8wzp9 ,
caebr-a8wzr9.1 ,
caebr-a8wzr9.2 ,
caebr-a8wzs0 ,
caebr-a8wzs1 ,
caebr-a8x0r9 ,
caebr-a8x0z5 ,
caebr-a8x1l6 ,
caebr-a8x1r6 ,
caebr-a8x3t6 ,
caebr-a8x4h0 ,
caebr-a8x4u8 ,
caebr-a8x4w8 ,
caebr-a8x5l4 ,
caebr-a8x5l5 ,
caebr-a8x5r5 ,
caebr-a8x5s6 ,
caebr-a8x5t4 ,
caebr-a8x6s0 ,
caebr-a8x6s1 ,
caebr-a8x7d1 ,
caebr-a8x7h0 ,
caebr-a8x7v6 ,
caebr-A8X8P2 ,
caebr-a8x8q5 ,
caebr-a8x8y6 ,
caebr-a8x9s4 ,
caebr-a8x324.1 ,
caebr-a8x324.2 ,
caebr-a8x622 ,
caebr-a8xac7 ,
caebr-a8xag5 ,
caebr-a8xb07 ,
caebr-a8xb88 ,
caebr-a8xby0 ,
caebr-a8xdz0 ,
caebr-a8xf42 ,
caebr-a8xfd1 ,
caebr-a8xfe6 ,
caebr-a8xgi0 ,
caebr-a8xgz4 ,
caebr-a8xgz5 ,
caebr-a8xh38 ,
caebr-a8xhp8 ,
caebr-a8xhx9 ,
caebr-a8xjw4 ,
caebr-a8xk02 ,
caebr-a8xk46 ,
caebr-a8xk76 ,
caebr-a8xke1 ,
caebr-A8XLQ2 ,
caebr-a8xns2.1 ,
caebr-a8xns2.2 ,
caebr-a8xq21 ,
caebr-a8xub3 ,
caebr-a8xuc2 ,
caebr-a8xuc8 ,
caebr-a8xug3 ,
caebr-a8xuh6 ,
caebr-a8xui4 ,
caebr-a8xui5 ,
caebr-a8xui6 ,
caebr-a8xui7 ,
caebr-a8xum8 ,
caebr-a8y0h0.1 ,
caebr-a8y0h0.2 ,
caebr-a8y0h1.1 ,
caebr-a8y0h1.2 ,
caebr-a8y1b5 ,
caebr-a8y1r7 ,
caebr-a8y2v4 ,
caebr-a8y3e3 ,
caebr-a8y3i5 ,
caebr-a8y3j9 ,
caebr-a8y4p9 ,
caebr-a8y100 ,
caebr-a8y101 ,
caebr-ACHE1 ,
caebr-ACHE2 ,
caebr-ACHE3 ,
caebr-ACHE4 ,
caebr-b6ii84 ,
caebr-G01D9.5 ,
caebr-ges1e ,
caebr-a8y4l4 ,
caebr-A8Y1T9 ,
caebr-A8Y168 ,
caebr-A8Y0Z5 ,
caebr-A8XYQ5 ,
caebr-A8XXK4 ,
caebr-A8XWZ8 ,
caebr-A8XUF0 ,
caebr-A8XUB6 ,
caebr-A8XSV2 ,
caebr-A8XJ37 ,
caebr-A8XG15 ,
caebr-A8XFE8 ,
caebr-A8XEY7 ,
caebr-A8XEU8 ,
caebr-A8XDT6 ,
caebr-A8XDV3 ,
caebr-A8XDQ3 ,
caebr-A8XDK8 ,
caebr-A8XBW4 ,
caebr-A8XAG3 ,
caebr-A8X8H5 ,
caebr-A8X6Z9 ,
caebr-A8X6H9 ,
caebr-A8X629 ,
caebr-A8X438 ,
caebr-A8X4G2 ,
caebr-A8X4H8 ,
caebr-A8X4W2 ,
caebr-A8X3P4 ,
caebr-A8X3R1 ,
caebr-A8X2Z4 ,
caebr-A8X0N2 ,
caebr-A8X0B3 ,
caebr-A8WW80 ,
caebr-U483 ,
caebr-A8XPH6 ,
caebr-A8XNJ0 ,
caebr-A8XNA2 ,
caebr-A8XLP0 ,
caebr-A8XK33 ,
caebr-A8WTK6 ,
caebr-A8WU44 ,
caebr-A8WPJ2 ,
caebr-A8WNE5 ,
caebr-A8WMB3 ,
caebr-a8x1r2 Abstract
The soil nematodes Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis elegans diverged from a common ancestor roughly 100 million years ago and yet are almost indistinguishable by eye. They have the same chromosome number and genome sizes, and they occupy the same ecological niche. To explore the basis for this striking conservation of structure and function, we have sequenced the C. briggsae genome to a high-quality draft stage and compared it to the finished C. elegans sequence. We predict approximately 19,500 protein-coding genes in the C. briggsae genome, roughly the same as in C. elegans. Of these, 12,200 have clear C. elegans orthologs, a further 6,500 have one or more clearly detectable C. elegans homologs, and approximately 800 C. briggsae genes have no detectable matches in C. elegans. Almost all of the noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) known are shared between the two species. The two genomes exhibit extensive colinearity, and the rate of divergence appears to be higher in the chromosomal arms than in the centers. Operons, a distinctive feature of C. elegans, are highly conserved in C. briggsae, with the arrangement of genes being preserved in 96% of cases. The difference in size between the C. briggsae (estimated at approximately 104 Mbp) and C. elegans (100.3 Mbp) genomes is almost entirely due to repetitive sequence, which accounts for 22.4% of the C. briggsae genome in contrast to 16.5% of the C. elegans genome. Few, if any, repeat families are shared, suggesting that most were acquired after the two species diverged or are undergoing rapid evolution. Coclustering the C. elegans and C. briggsae proteins reveals 2,169 protein families of two or more members. Most of these are shared between the two species, but some appear to be expanding or contracting, and there seem to be as many as several hundred novel C. briggsae gene families. The C. briggsae draft sequence will greatly improve the annotation of the C. elegans genome. Based on similarity to C. briggsae, we found strong evidence for 1,300 new C. elegans genes. In addition, comparisons of the two genomes will help to understand the evolutionary forces that mold nematode genomes.
